Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 23, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-327).

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-06T16:29:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS16MA141.pdf: 195985 bytes, checksum: 952ca50ec7237b704cac8c8c2a72112f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T16:29:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS16MA141.pdf: 195985 bytes, checksum: 952ca50ec7237b704cac8c8c2a72112f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / The vine requires a large amount of potassium (K) to achieve high yields of grapes with characteristics necessary for winemaking. However, in the soils of the wine producing region of Santa Catarina, most of the K is in forms not available to the plants. Thus, the potassium nutrition of the grapevine in this region requires the supply of the nutrient via fertilizers, however, there is doubt as to the dose indicated to the regional conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in soil attributes and the response of the grapevine to the potassium fertilization at doses 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg K2O ha-1 year-1, as well as nutrient content in leaves and petioles, The yield of grapes and the composition of the must and wine. The experiment was carried out in 2010 in a commercial vineyard of the Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard on a Paulsen 1103 rootstock in São Joaquim, in the Planalto Sul Catarinense region, and the evaluations were carried out in the 2014/2015 harvest. The increase of the K dose increased the K contents in the soil and petiole of the vines and decreased the Ca contents in the leaves and petioles, but in general there was no effect of the potassium fertilization on the yield and the composition of the must and the wine. Thus, the potassium fertilization in Cambisol Humic with annual doses up to 200 kg ha-1, in general, does not affect the yield, or the components related to the quality of the must and the wine, however, increases the concentration of potassium bitartrate in this product / A videira exige grande quantidade de potássio (K), para atingir alto rendimento de uva com características necessárias à vinificação. Entretanto, nos solos da região produtora de vinhos de altitude de Santa Catarina, a maior parte do K se encontra em formas não disponíveis às plantas. Com isso, a nutrição potássica da videira nesta região necessita do fornecimento do nutriente via fertilizantes, porém, há dúvida quanto a dose mais indicada às condições regionais. Assim, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações em atributos do solo e a resposta da videira à adubação potássica nas doses 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg K2O ha-1 ano-1, quanto ao teor de nutrientes nas folhas e pecíolos, ao rendimento de uva e à composição do mosto e do vinho. O experimento foi implantado em 2010 em um vinhedo comercial da cultivar vinífera Cabernet Sauvignon sobre porta-enxerto Paulsen 1103 em São Joaquim, região do Planalto Sul Catarinense e as avaliações foram realizadas na safra 2014/2015. O aumento da dose de K aumentou os teores de K no solo e no pecíolo das videiras e diminuiu os teores de Ca nas folhas e pecíolos, mas em geral não houve efeito da adubação potássica no rendimento e na composição do mosto e do vinho. Assim, a adubação potássica em Cambissolo Húmico com doses anuais até 200 kg ha-1, em geral, não afeta o rendimento, nem os componentes relacionados à qualidade do mosto e do vinho, entretanto, aumenta a concentração de bitartarato de potássio nesse produto

As the sea rises in response to global climate changes, small islands will lose a significant portion of their land through ensuing erosion processes. The particular vulnerability of small island systems led me to choose Martha’s Vineyard (MV), a 248 km2 paraglacial island, 8 km off the south shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, as a model system with which to analyze the interrelated problems of sea level rise (SLR) and coastal erosion. Historical data documented ongoing SLR (~3mm/yr) in the vicinity of MV. Three study sites differing in geomorphological and climatological properties, on the island’s south (SS), northwest (NW), and northeastern (NE) coasts, were selected for further study. Mathematical models and spatial data analysis, as well as data on shoreline erosion from almost 1500 transects, were employed to evaluate the roles of geology, surficial geology, wetlands, land use, soils, percent of sand, slope, erodible land, wind, waves, and compass direction in the erosion processes at each site. These analyses indicated that: 1) the three sites manifested different rates of erosion and accretion, from a loss of approximately 0.1 m/yr at the NE and NW sites to over 1.7 m/yr at the SS site; 2) the NE and NW sites fit the ratio predicted by Bruun for the rate of erosion vs. SLR, but the SS site exceeded that ratio more than fivefold; 3) the shoreline erosion patterns for all three sites are dominated by short-range effects, not long-range stable effects; 4) geological components play key roles in erosion on MV, a possibility consistent with the island’s paraglacial nature; and 5) the south side of MV is the segment of the coastline that is particularly vulnerable to significant erosion over the next 100 years. These conclusions were not evident from simple statistical analyses. Rather, the recognition that multiple factors besides sea level positions contribute to the progressive change in coastal landscapes only emerged from more complex analyses, including fractal dimension analysis, multivariate statistics, and spatial data analysis. This suggests that analyses of coastal erosion that are limited to only one or two variables may not fully unravel the underlying processes.

Master´s thesis deal with optimum proposal reset vineyard economy in viticultural area Strachotin. The task is utiliziation of landscape potential CHKO Palava and hydro-electric plant Nove Mlyny with promotion development agricultural tourism in the area. Theoretic part of thesis includes analyses inquiries and progression areas, production problems and vine processing. Practical part includes set of questionable drawings, used technology and material for security of correct performance function construction.

Good grapes are required to make good wine. Quality wines start in quality vineyards. Vineyard design, installation, and operation, including site location, trellis options, vine selection, and canopy management, along with when to harvest are discussed. While winemaking is the final phase in the pursuit of the winemaker's passion, it is but a simple formula. The beginning of a good wine is in a good vineyard. This study includes a financial projection for a 10-acre vineyard as well as for starting an onsite, complementary sized winery. Even though many small-to-medium vineyards-to-wineries have started over the last decade, the reason to enter into this type of business is not profit, but passion. Profits are relatively small for the time and labor investment, but the unique wine creations that result are amazing, for the winemaker and the one who enjoys the result.

Restoration of abandoned, nonnative species-dominated agricultural lands provides opportunities for conserving declining shrubland and grassland ecosystems. Land-use legacies, such as elevated soil fertility and pH from agricultural amendments, often persist for years and can favor nonnative species at the expense of native species. Understanding the factors that limit native species establishment on abandoned agricultural lands can provide important insights for restoration and conservation of native species on human-modified lands. I conducted two field experiments on abandoned agricultural lands: a former pasture on Martha’s Vineyard, MA and a former citrus grove at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) in Titusville, FL. In these experiments I tested how soil chemical properties affect native and nonnative species abundance and how different methods of removing nonnative, invasive species affect native and nonnative species abundance. In the first experiment, specifically I tested how restoration treatments affect competition between existing nonnative agricultural plant species and native plant species that are targets for sandplain grassland restoration on Martha’s Vineyard, MA. At MINWR, I examined how lowering soil fertility with carbon additions and lowering soil pH by applying sulfur affects nonnative species richness and cover (in two former citrus groves that were historically scrub/ scrubby flatwoods. Overall, I found that biotic factors, such as competition with nonnative species, play a stronger role in limiting native species establishment than soil chemical properties. Likewise, control of nonnative, invasive species is most effective with mechanical treatments to physically reduce cover, rather than altering soil chemical properties

Compost is commonly used as an organic amendment in cropping systems such as vineyards, and has been shown to be beneficial to carbon (C) sequestration and soil health. As perennial crops, grapevines have a larger potential for C sequestration than most crops. Yet, there is a lack of understanding regarding the relationship between compost application rate, the magnitude of C sequestration, and its environmental tradeoff in the form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the study, we investigated the effects of compost application rate on soil C sequestration, GHG emissions, crop growth, and overall soil health after two annual compost treatments at J. Lohr Vineyards and Wines, Paso Robles, CA. Compost was broadcasted to the entire plot area between harvest and the first precipitation in fall at the rate of 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 tons/acre/year. Soil C sequestration, cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and soil physical properties were assessed at two functional locations (tractor row and vine row) and three depth increments (0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm). Cover crop biomass was determined in spring before mowing, while clusters per vine, cluster weight and yield were determined each year at harvest. Although compost application did not significantly affect total soil C stocks, significant increases in early indicators of C sequestration such as permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), aggregate distribution, and aggregate C content in large macroaggregates without increasing C mineralization suggests that C input from compost increased C stabilization in soil. Cumulative GHG emissions were not significantly affected by compost application. Both CO2 and N2O emissions were higher in the vine row than the tractor row in the dry season, but the trend for CO2 emissions was the opposite in the wet seasons. Seasonal patterns of GHG emissions were likely due to differences in plant activity and irrigation between functional locations. The lower bulk density in topsoil than subsoil, and the higher water holding capacity and aggregate stability in tractor row topsoil than in the vine row demonstrates how high C content improves soil physical properties. Cover crop growth and grape yield components were unaffected by compost application. Based on our results, early signs of C sequestration and improvements on overall soil health can be achieved in a coarse-texture vineyard in the Central Coast region after annually applying compost at a rate between 2 and 6 tons/acre for two years, without increasing GHG emissions or affecting grape yield. Further investigation is recommended to study the potential synergistic effects between compost application and cover cropping in vineyards if both practices are implemented at the same time.

Tourism is considered as an economic force in modern society, not only is it asource of revenue, but also a means of connecting cultures and traditions withpeople from all over the world. Wine tourism especially is a form of tourismthat brings visitors to vineyards to experience the authentic taste of a region.Sweden as the youngest wine country that is still being discovered and thereare untapped potentials to be fully realized. Being involved in the wineindustry in Sweden means a direct relationship between the winemakers andSystembolaget as the main body that is responsible for sales of alcohol.Therefore, the major source of income for winemakers, called direct sales(sale at the cellar), is not a viable option for the Swedish winemaker. Whatchallenges these winemakers face and what opportunities lies within theemerging industry, that is wine tourism in Sweden, is the motivation behindthis project.

No description available.

The Vintnerâ s House is a Residence and Vineyard nestled between well-known wine regions on the central coast of California. It is a workerâ s house; for the cultivator, the grower, and the nurturer of the vines. The vineyard is set on terraces down a hill to give grapes the sunlight and drainage they desire. These south facing terraces allow the vines to receive full sunlight throughout the growing season. Drainage through the vineyard encourages the roots to grow deep into the soil, as a well-established root system will yield a better quality grape. As the terraces wrap around the site, they intersect and flow into the residence. The terraces help to organize and arrange the house as it steps up the hill alongside the vineyard. The house is small and simple, but appears much larger with the adjacent wine facilities. The main living space for the residence is on the lower level with the living room, kitchen, and dining areas all clustered together looking out towards the ocean. Upstairs is the bedroom, which overlooks the two-story living room much like the vineyard terraces overlook each other. The house accepts its role as the vineyardâ s accomplice. Without the vineyard, the Vintnerâ s House would not grow out of the hillside. / Master of Architecture