Sentiment visualization techniques are information visualization approaches that focus on representing the results of sentiment analysis and opinion mining methods. Sentiment visualization techniques have been becoming more and more popular in the past few years, as demonstrated by recent surveys. Many techniques exist, and a lot of researchers and practitioners design their own. But the question of usability of these various techniques still remains generally unsolved, as the existing research typically addresses individual design alternatives for a particular technique implementation only. Multiple surveys and evaluations exist that argue for the importance of investigating the usability of such techniques further. This work focuses on evaluating the effectiveness, and efficiency of common visual representations for low-level visualization tasks in the context of sentiment visualization. It shows what previous work has already been done by other researchers and discusses the current state of the art. It further describes a task-based user study for various tasks, carried out as an online survey and taking the task completion time and error rate into account for most questions. This study is used for evaluating sentiment visualization techniques on their usability with regard to several sentiment and emotion datasets. This study shows that each visual representation and visual variable has its own weaknesses and strengths with respect to different tasks, which can be used as guidelines for future work in this area.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_diana_maia.pdf: 2211549 bytes, checksum: 0b656e7207483294a3bdc1ff6f9fa699 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-17 / This research aims to supplement the studies that have already been conducted in regard to teaching quadratic functions as well as the utilization of software that support this teaching. It also aims to consider graphs of quadratic functions by making use of the global interpretation of the properties of images, as well as by adding a playful dynamic to initiate students into the notion of interval and function domain. The study has its theorectical roots based on the principles of Didactic Engineering and Raymond Duval´s Theory of Semiotic Representation Registers and Guy Brousseau s Theory of Didactical Situations. The didactic studies presents some brief analyses of some primary and middle school level didactic books and builds upon Benedetti s research (2003) about the utilization of graph software as well as Duval s research (1998) about the articulation problems between the graphical and algebraic registers. The computer-based tool used for the application of this study was Winplot. The study was carried out with private school students undergoing the 8th grade in the City of São Bernardo do Campo in the state of São Paulo. Data from four pairs that took part in seven research sessions were reviewed. Results reveal that an improvement was obtained and better retention was measured amongst students in regards of the square function concept, which was achieved by the articulation between visual variables and meaningful symbolic units / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo, complementar estudos já realizados a respeito do ensino da função quadrática e da utilização de software para este fim. Com o intuito de abordar a questão da construção gráfica da função quadrática utilizando o procedimento de interpretação global das propriedades figurais e, ainda, inserir uma dinâmica lúdica para introduzir as noções de intervalo e domínio da função. Fundamentada nos princípios da Engenharia Didática e embasada na Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica de Raymond Duval e na Teoria das Situações de Guy Brousseau. A seqüência didática apresentada orienta-se nas análises de alguns livros didáticos do Ensino Fundamental e Médio, nas pesquisas de Benedetti (2003), sobre a utilização de software gráficos e sobre o trabalho de Duval (1988) sobre a articulação entre os registros gráfico e algébrico. A ferramenta computacional utilizada na aplicação da seqüência foi o software Winplot, além do uso de papel e lápis. A seqüência foi aplicada com alunos da oitava série do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola particular na cidade de São Bernardo do Campo no estado de São Paulo. Foram analisados os protocolos de quatro duplas, que participaram das sete sessões. Os resultados obtidos levam a concluir que houve um avanço por parte dos alunos, na apreensão do conceito de função quadrática, propiciado pela compreensão e articulação entre as variáveis visuais e unidades simbólicas significativas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Desiree Frasson Balielo Picone.pdf: 820410 bytes, checksum: a1da8465596d29a290d2f4e59e068d05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-19 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The discipline Calculus is included in the curriculum of many courses, not only in the Exact Sciences but also in other areas, as it involves concepts that permeate various scientific fields. Because of its association with high rates of failure, the teaching and learning of Calculus has been the subject of numerous researches that have sought to propose more effective teaching approaches. Considering the context of the difficulties students face during a Calculus course, and more specifically those related to the teaching and learning of the Fundamental Theory of Calculus (FTC), this work seeks to investigate the representation registers mobilised by teachers in the teaching of this theorem, considers the importance of the coordination of this registers and the ways in which visualisation is explored (or not) by means of graphical representations. The research is based on the theory of Semiotic Representation Registers of Raymond Duval, and emphasises the role of the identification of relevant visual variables, the conversion of the graphical register to the algebraic and vice-versa and the arguments presented in natural language. The study involves the conception and administration of a questionnaire divided into two stages followed by an interview with teachers of Calculus from public and private educational institutions in the state of São Paulo. Data indicated that the teachers consider that in the teaching of the FTC it is important to stress how this theorem can be used as a tool for calculating areas and to establish connections between differentiation and integration, but this connection was not explored graphically by all the teachers. As regards the inter-relationships between relevant visual variables, we verified that the articulation between different registers is not always emphasised by teachers. In general, the teachers considered important the coordination of different representations of the same mathematical object in the teaching of Calculus, with the principle registers used, algebra, graphs and natural language. To analyse a situation which explores the connection between the derivative and the integral graphically, some affirmed that, although they use similar situations, they do not perceive the ways in which these situation can contribute to the understanding of the Thereom. Others, in relation to the same situation, affirmed that they do not make use of this type of activity with their students, and in this case, they offered diverse justifications, none of which suggested the proposals were not important. We believe that the study offers contributions to the teaching and learning of the FTC, but that the results require further study including the amplification of the questionnaire and interviews and their application with different populations of subjects / A disciplina de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral consta na grade curricular de vários cursos da área de Ciências Exatas e também de outras áreas, por tratar de conceitos que permeiam vários campos de Ciência. Seu ensino e aprendizagem tem sido alvo de muitas pesquisas devido aos altos índices de desistência e retenção comprovados, a fim de propor abordagens de ensino que possam amenizar seus problemas existentes. Considerando o contexto das dificuldades enfrentadas num curso de Cálculo e mais precisamente as relacionadas ao ensino e aprendizagem do Teorema Fundamental do Cálculo (TFC), o presente trabalho busca investigar que registros de representação são mobilizados por professores no ensino desse Teorema, bem como se consideram importante a coordenação desses registros e, ainda, se exploram a visualização por meio da representação gráfica. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica de Raymond Duval, destacando o papel da identificação das variáveis visuais pertinentes, na conversão do registro gráfico para o algébrico e vice-versa e nas argumentações da língua natural. Para atingir esse objetivo, elaboramos e aplicamos um questionário dividido em duas etapas seguido por uma entrevista com professores de Cálculo de instituições públicas e particulares do Estado de São Paulo. Constatamos que eles consideram importante no ensino do TFC enfatizar que o mesmo pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta para o cálculo de áreas e que estabelece uma conexão entre derivação e integração, mas essa conexão não é explorada graficamente, por todos. Com relação à inter-relação entre as variáveis visuais pertinentes verificamos que nem sempre foram destacadas pelos professores, na articulação de diferentes registros. Os professores consideram importante a coordenação das diferentes representações do mesmo objeto matemático no ensino do Cálculo de modo geral, sendo os mais utilizados os registros algébrico, gráfico e língua natural. Ao analisarem uma situação que explora a conexão entre a derivada e a integral graficamente, alguns afirmaram que apesar de propor situações parecidas não percebiam de que modo essas situações poderiam contribuir para o entendimento do Teorema. Enquanto outros, ao analisarem a mesma situação, afirmaram que não costumam propor esse tipo de atividade aos seus alunos e, nesse caso, as justificativas foram diversas, porém em nenhum momento apontaram para a não importância de serem propostas. Acreditamos que este estudo apresenta contribuições ao ensino e aprendizagem do TFC, mas julgamos que ele pode ser continuado, quer com a ampliação do questionário e entrevistas, quer com a mudança ou ampliação da amostra de sujeitos da pesquisa

Usability aspects of programming languages are often overlooked, yet have a substantial effect on programmer productivity. These issues are even more acute in the field of Inductive Synthesis, where programs are automatically generated from sample expected input and output data, and the programmer needs to be able to comprehend, and confirm or reject the suggested programs. A promising method of Inductive Synthesis, CombInduce, which is particularly suitable for synthesizing recursive programs, is a candidate for improvements in usability as the target language Combilog is not user-friendly. The method requires the target language to be strictly compositional, hence devoid of variables, yet have the expressiveness of definite clause programs. This sets up a challenging problem for establishing a user-friendly but equally expressive target language. Alternatives to Combilog, such as Quine's Predicate-functor Logic and Schönfinkel and Curry's Combinatory Logic also do not offer a practical notation: finding a more usable representation is imperative. This thesis presents two distinct approaches towards more convenient representations which still maintain compositionality. The first is Visual Combilog (VC), a system for visualizing Combilog programs. In this approach Combilog remains as the target language for synthesis, but programs can be read and modified by interacting with the equivalent diagrams instead. VC is implemented as a split-view editor that maintains the equivalent Combilog and VC representations on-the-fly, automatically transforming them as necessary. The second approach is Combilog with Name Projection (CNP), a textual iteration of Combilog that replaces numeric argument positions with argument names. The result is a language where argument names make the notation more readable, yet compositionality is preserved by avoiding variables. Compositionality is demonstrated by implementing CombInduce with CNP as the target language, revealing that programs with the same level of recursive complexity can be synthesized in CNP equally well, and establishing the underlying method of synthesis can also work with CNP. Our evaluations of the user-friendliness of both representations are supported by a range of methods from Information Visualization, Cognitive Modelling, and Human-Computer Interaction. The increased usability of both representations are confirmed by empirical user studies: an often neglected aspect of language design.

Large, strongly connected amounts of data, as collected in knowledge bases or those occurring when describing software, are often read slowly and with difficulty by humans when they are represented as spreadsheets or text. Graphical representations can help people to understand facts more intuitively and offer a quick overview. The electronic representation offers means that are beyond the possibilities of print such as unlimited zoom and hyperlinks. This paper addresses a framework for visualizing connected information in 3D-space taking into account the techniques of media design to build visualization structures and map information to graphical properties. / Große, stark vernetzte Datenmengen, wie sie in Wissensbasen oder Softwaremodellen vorkommen, sind von Menschen oft nur langsam und mühsam zu lesen, wenn sie als Tabellen oder Text dargestellt werden. Graphische Darstellungen können Menschen helfen, Tatsachen intuitiver zu verstehen und bieten einen schnellen Überblick. Die elektronische Darstellung bietet Mittel, welche über die Möglichkeiten von Print hinausgehen, wie z.B. unbegrenzten Zoom und Hyperlinks. Diese Arbeit stellt ein Framework für die Visualisierung vernetzter Informationen im 3D-Raum vor, welches Techniken der Gestaltung zur Erstellung von graphischen Strukturen und zur Abbildung von Informationen auf graphische Eigenschaften berücksichtigt.

Large, strongly connected amounts of data, as collected in knowledge bases or those occurring when describing software, are often read slowly and with difficulty by humans when they are represented as spreadsheets or text. Graphical representations can help people to understand facts more intuitively and offer a quick overview. The electronic representation offers means that are beyond the possibilities of print such as unlimited zoom and hyperlinks. This paper addresses a framework for visualizing connected information in 3D-space taking into account the techniques of media design to build visualization structures and map information to graphical properties.:1 EINFÜHRUNG S. 9 1.1 Zusammenfassung des Gestaltungsentwurfs S. 9 1.2 Ziel des Belegs S. 10 1.3 Interdisziplinäres Projekt S. 10 2 VORGEHEN S. 12 2.1 Ablauf S. 12 2.2 Konkrete Beispielinhalte S. 13 2.3 Beispielimplementierung S. 13 3 DATENMODELL S. 15 3.1 Ontologien S. 15 3.2 Ontologie Konstruktion S. 15 3.3 Analyse der Domain Design S. 18 3.8 Erstes Ordnen S. 19 3.9 Verwendete Ontologie-Struktur S. 21 3.10 Design-Ontologien S. 23 3.11 Schwierigkeiten bei der Ontologiekonstruktion S. 28 3.12 Einpflegen der Daten mit Protégé S. 29 3.13 Facetten S. 29 3.14 Filter S. 32 4 DATENVISUALISIERUNG S. 35 4.1 Visualisierung zeitlicher Daten S. 35 4.2 Hyperhistory S. 35 4.3 Graphisches Vokabular - graphische Dimensionen S. 37 4.4 Mapping S. 39 5 FRAMEWORK UND GESTALTUNG DES MEDIUMS S. 43 5.1 Technologien und Werkzeuge S. 44 5.2 Architektur S. 46 5.3 Konfiguration S. 51 5.4 DataBackendManager S. 52 5.5 Mapping im Framework S. 53 5.6 atomicelements S. 54 5.7 Appearance Bibliothek S. 55 5.8 TransformationUtils S. 56 5.9 Structures S. 57 5.10 LOD S. 64 5.11 Häufung von Einträgen [+] S. 66 5.12 Darstellung von Relationen [+] S. 69 5.13 Head Up Display [+] S. 71 5.14 Navigation S. 72 5.15 Performanz S. 73 5.16 Gestaltung des Mediums S. 74 6 AUSBLICK S. 80 7 FAZIT S. 81 8 ANHANG A – Installation S. 82 8.1 Vorraussetzungen S. 82 8.2 Programmaufruf S. 82 8.3 Stereoskopie S. 82 9 ANHANG B – Beispielimplementierung zur Visualisierung des Themas „Geschichte des Designs in Deutschland im 19. und 20. Jh.“ S. 84 9.1 Eingrenzung des Umfangs S. 84 9.2 Überblick zur deutschen Designgeschichte S. 84 9.3 Vorgehen S. 85 9.4 Unscharfe Datumsangaben S. 85 9.5 Kontextereignisse S. 85 9.6 Ursache-Wirkung-Beziehungen S. 86 9.7 Mehrsprachigkeit S. 86 9.8 Quellenangaben S. 86 9.9 Bildmaterial S. 87 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS S. 88 GLOSSAR S. 90 ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS S. 91 / Große, stark vernetzte Datenmengen, wie sie in Wissensbasen oder Softwaremodellen vorkommen, sind von Menschen oft nur langsam und mühsam zu lesen, wenn sie als Tabellen oder Text dargestellt werden. Graphische Darstellungen können Menschen helfen, Tatsachen intuitiver zu verstehen und bieten einen schnellen Überblick. Die elektronische Darstellung bietet Mittel, welche über die Möglichkeiten von Print hinausgehen, wie z.B. unbegrenzten Zoom und Hyperlinks. Diese Arbeit stellt ein Framework für die Visualisierung vernetzter Informationen im 3D-Raum vor, welches Techniken der Gestaltung zur Erstellung von graphischen Strukturen und zur Abbildung von Informationen auf graphische Eigenschaften berücksichtigt.:1 EINFÜHRUNG S. 9 1.1 Zusammenfassung des Gestaltungsentwurfs S. 9 1.2 Ziel des Belegs S. 10 1.3 Interdisziplinäres Projekt S. 10 2 VORGEHEN S. 12 2.1 Ablauf S. 12 2.2 Konkrete Beispielinhalte S. 13 2.3 Beispielimplementierung S. 13 3 DATENMODELL S. 15 3.1 Ontologien S. 15 3.2 Ontologie Konstruktion S. 15 3.3 Analyse der Domain Design S. 18 3.8 Erstes Ordnen S. 19 3.9 Verwendete Ontologie-Struktur S. 21 3.10 Design-Ontologien S. 23 3.11 Schwierigkeiten bei der Ontologiekonstruktion S. 28 3.12 Einpflegen der Daten mit Protégé S. 29 3.13 Facetten S. 29 3.14 Filter S. 32 4 DATENVISUALISIERUNG S. 35 4.1 Visualisierung zeitlicher Daten S. 35 4.2 Hyperhistory S. 35 4.3 Graphisches Vokabular - graphische Dimensionen S. 37 4.4 Mapping S. 39 5 FRAMEWORK UND GESTALTUNG DES MEDIUMS S. 43 5.1 Technologien und Werkzeuge S. 44 5.2 Architektur S. 46 5.3 Konfiguration S. 51 5.4 DataBackendManager S. 52 5.5 Mapping im Framework S. 53 5.6 atomicelements S. 54 5.7 Appearance Bibliothek S. 55 5.8 TransformationUtils S. 56 5.9 Structures S. 57 5.10 LOD S. 64 5.11 Häufung von Einträgen [+] S. 66 5.12 Darstellung von Relationen [+] S. 69 5.13 Head Up Display [+] S. 71 5.14 Navigation S. 72 5.15 Performanz S. 73 5.16 Gestaltung des Mediums S. 74 6 AUSBLICK S. 80 7 FAZIT S. 81 8 ANHANG A – Installation S. 82 8.1 Vorraussetzungen S. 82 8.2 Programmaufruf S. 82 8.3 Stereoskopie S. 82 9 ANHANG B – Beispielimplementierung zur Visualisierung des Themas „Geschichte des Designs in Deutschland im 19. und 20. Jh.“ S. 84 9.1 Eingrenzung des Umfangs S. 84 9.2 Überblick zur deutschen Designgeschichte S. 84 9.3 Vorgehen S. 85 9.4 Unscharfe Datumsangaben S. 85 9.5 Kontextereignisse S. 85 9.6 Ursache-Wirkung-Beziehungen S. 86 9.7 Mehrsprachigkeit S. 86 9.8 Quellenangaben S. 86 9.9 Bildmaterial S. 87 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS S. 88 GLOSSAR S. 90 ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS S. 91