La vite è in grado di attivare meccanismi di difesa in risposta a stress biotici e abiotici producendo principalmente metaboliti secondari tra i quali composti stilbenici. Questi composti, detti anche fitoalessine, hanno una azione benefica e riconosciuta sulla salute umana. Una delle malattie che apporta più danni in tutto il mondo viticolo è la peronospora, causata dal patogeno Plasmopara viticola L, questa tesi ha lo scopo di confrontare le risposte di diverse varietà e cloni attaccate da questo patogeno. Sono state utilizzate foglie e bacche di 10 cloni di Cabernet Sauvignon per verificare l’andamento dell’infezione e la produzione degli stilbeni nel tempo. Stessa procedura è stata applicata su foglie giovani e vecchie delle varietà di Müller-Thurgau, Chardonnay, Sangiovese, Pinot noir, Cabernet Sauvignon e Solaris. Queste sono state monitorate per verificare l’andamento dell’infezione, la produzione degli stilbeni e l’attivazione della stilbene sintasi. I risultati delle prove condotte hanno evidenziato differenze tra le varietà e tra i cloni e, soprattutto, tra i diversi organi studiati. / The grapevine is able to activate a defence mechanism whenever it interacts with biotic or abiotic stress, mainly by producing defence substances as the stilbenic compounds, phytoalexins known for their health related influence. Combining this fact and the knowledge that the Plasmopara viticola Berk et Curtis, the causal agent of downy mildew, causes considerable damages worldwide to Vitis vinifera L. production during its life cycle, this thesis aims to explore the differences that several grapevine varieties and clones display when confronted with this pathogen. The leaves and small berries of 10 different clones of Cabernet Sauvignon were used to asses infection time course and stilbenic production overtime. Likewise, young and old leaves of the varieties Müller-Thurgau, Chardonnay, Sangiovese, Pinot noir, Cabernet Sauvignon and Solaris, ordered in assumed increasing resistance, were used to assess infection time course, stilbene production on the leaves and the activation of a stilbene synthase gene. All trials conducted highlighted not only the differences within grapevine varieties and grapevine clones but most importantly between the studied grapevine organs.

Molybdenum experiments: In Australia young Merlot vines sometimes suffer from vegetative disorders such as slow, zigzagged growth and leaf distortion. Merlot is also particularly known as a low- and inconsistent-yielding grape variety. Previous research showed that when foliar applications of molybdenum (Mo) were applied to Merlot vines the vegetative symptoms improved. More recently, when sodium molybdate was applied to Mo-deficient Merlot, yield improved; a function of increased bunch weight brought about by bigger berries. It has also been reported that at high concentrations, molybdenum might be detrimental to yield. Experiments were conducted on own-rooted Merlot (clone D3V14) vines in commercial vineyards in the Adelaide Hills (Hills) and at McLaren Vale, South Australia. Effects of molybdenum deficiency on the vegetative growth and yield of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot: The aims of the current study were to: a) elucidate the mechanism by which molybdenum affects yield of Merlot; b) to monitor the effects of Mo-treatment on the balance between vine reproductive and vegetative growth; c) to monitor the residual effects of Mo-treatment on growth and yield of Merlot and; d) to determine whether high concentrations of molybdenum are detrimental to yield. Three rates of sodium molybdate were applied to vines in springtime (control = 0g, rate 1 = 0.101g and rate 2 = 0.202g sodium molybdate per vine). Vine molybdenum status was measured prior to treatment and again at flowering time using petiole, shoot tip and inflorescence analysis. The effects on vegetative growth were monitored at veraison, during dormancy and at budburst in the seasons following Mo-treatment. At flowering time, pollen vitality, pollen tube growth and flower structure were examined. Bunch number per vine, fruitset, berry weight and berry composition were measured at harvest. In the Hills, the controls had adequate molybdenum however, at McLaren Vale petiolar molybdenum concentration fell within the suggested deficiency range of 0.05-0.09 mg/kg in the petioles at flowering time. No visual symptoms of Mo-deficiency were observed on the experimental vines. At McLaren Vale, Mo-treatment reduced pruning weight and improved vine balance. Mo-treated vines in the Hills and at McLaren Vale were affected by delayed budburst in the season following Mo-treatment irrespective of their Mo-status. However, no seasonal carryover of molybdenum could be detected in tissue analysis at flowering time. Juice total soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity were not affected by Mo-treatment at McLaren Vale or in the Hills. However, juice from Mo-treated vines in the Hills had a significantly higher concentration of molybdenum than the controls. At McLaren Vale there was no significant difference in juice molybdenum concentration between treatments. In the Hills, yield was not affected by Mo-treatment. However, Mo-treated vines at McLaren Vale had significantly higher yields (approximately double) than the Mo-deficient controls. Bunch number per vine was not affected by Mo-treatment, either in the year that treatments were applied or in the following season. However, bunches from Mo-treated vines had significantly better fruitset resulting in more berries per bunch. Berry weight was affected by Mo-treatment in one season only. Yield was not detrimentally affected on vines that received the higher rate of sodium molybdate. In the Hills, Mo-treatment did not affect pollen numbers, pollen vitality or pollen tube growth. At McLaren Vale, where the controls were Mo-deficient, pollen vitality was not affected by Mo-treatment. However, pollen tube growth was significantly enhanced by Mo-treatment. Significantly more pollen tubes penetrated the ovules from Mo-treated vines and a higher proportion of ovaries had at least one penetrated ovule. Structural observations revealed that a significantly higher proportion of ovules from Mo-deficient vines were defective. The absence of an embryo sac in those ovules is probably the cause of pollen tube growth inhibition and subsequent poor fruitset. Effects of mode of pollination on yield of Merlot and the interacting effects of sodium molybdate sprays: Pollination experiments were conducted on field-grown own-rooted Merlot (clone D3V14) vines in commercial vineyards in the Adelaide Hills and at McLaren Vale in 2003-04 and in 2004-05. Inflorescences were supplied with supplementary Merlot pollen (self-pollination), with pollen from another variety (cross-pollination) or they were left to pollinate naturally (open pollination). In the Hills, mode of pollination did not affect fruitset or berry weight. In 2003-04 fruitset increased significantly at McLaren Vale when inflorescences were cross-pollinated with Semillon. Applying supplementary Merlot pollen also tended to improve fruitset, however none of the treatments affected berry weight. In 2004-05 there was no significant difference between treatments. These results indicate that Merlot may be a poor producer of pollen and may suffer from self-incompatibility. Given the significant improvements in yield gained by spring foliar applications of sodium molybdate to Mo-deficient Merlot vines, in 2005-06 a reciprocal experiment was conducted to separate the effects of Mo-treatment and mode of pollination on the male and female flower parts. The aims of this experiment were to: a) determine whether the male or female reproductive organs are more important in determining the success of fruitset of Merlot and; b) determine which remedial measure, Mo-treatment or pollination, is more effective at overcoming poor fruitset. Supplementary pollination treatments—cross-pollination (Semillon); self-pollination (Mo-deficient pollen); self-pollination (Mo-treated pollen) and; open-pollination—were applied to Mo-treated and Mo-deficient vines. Cross-pollinating Mo-deficient vines with Semillon significantly improved fruitset of Merlot compared to other pollination treatments on those vines, however applying molybdenum to the vines in springtime was more effective at improving fruitset. Within the Mo-treated vines the effects of supplementary pollination on fruitset were not thought to be of any practical significance. The results of this experiment provide further evidence that Mo-deficiency affects the female flower parts more than the male reproductive organs of Merlot. The occurrence of ‘star’ flowers in Australia: In 2003 faulty flowers were discovered on Canada Muscat grown in the Coombe Vineyard at the University of Adelaide’s Waite Campus. The Canada Muscat flowers opened from the top in ‘star’ formation in contrast to normal grape flowers, which shed the calyptra from its base. Star flowers were reported in French literature in the late 1800s. They were reported to as a symptom of a ‘disease’ that caused ‘coulure’, the cure for which was vine removal. The current report is the first known report of star flowers occurring in Australia. Through dissemination of the news of this discovery, several star flower variants were found in other varieties in South Australia. The association of star flowers with poor berry development and the frequency of the occurrence of star flowers suggest that this flower aberration may be affecting yield to a greater extent than previously recognised. This study provides a detailed description of two types of star flowers: those that occur in response to environmental conditions and those that occur every season. Other star flower variants are also documented. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1280856 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2007

ALBUQUERQUE, André Henrique Pinheiro. Manejos da irrigação e da fertirrigação potássica na cultura da videira, nas condições semiáridas. 2010. 80 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-06-03T16:53:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_ ahplbuquerque.pdf: 1874023 bytes, checksum: e5a64be77494ece7318f3c8f72277231 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-06-03T16:55:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_ ahplbuquerque.pdf: 1874023 bytes, checksum: e5a64be77494ece7318f3c8f72277231 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-03T16:55:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_ ahplbuquerque.pdf: 1874023 bytes, checksum: e5a64be77494ece7318f3c8f72277231 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / The irrigation of crops and their proper fertilization are on the main techniques used when it is aimed at increasing productivity in the different vegetable crops. However, previous studies have provided little information regarding the application of water and macronutrient potassium (K) in the cultivation of the vine. As a result, in order to evaluate the productivity and biometric characteristics of the grape (Vitis vinifera L.) under different irrigation levels and in different intervals and increasing levels of potassium applied through fertigation, three trials were conducted concurrently in the city of Limoeiro do Norte -CE (05°06’S, 37°52’W,151 m), in the period of September/08 to January/09. The experimental design used in all experiments was a randomized block design with four replications. In experiment 1, we tested five different irrigation quantified on the basis of the class “A” pan evaporation: 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the class “A” pan evaporation. In experiment 2, we studied five different interval of fertigation potassium, which are: treatment 01, the fertigation occurred every 2 days, treatment 02, the fertigation occurred every 4 days, treatment 03, the fertigation occurred every 6 days, treatment 04, the fertigation occurred every 8 days and treatment 05, the fertigation occurred every 10 days. In experiment 3, we analyzed six levels of potassium fertigation: 0%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the recommendation used by agribusiness (368 kg.ha- 1 of K2O). Through the software SAEG 9.0 - UFV, the data were subjected to analysis of variance and significant later when the F test was carried out regression analysis, trying to adjust equations with biological meanings. In experiment 1 it was concluded that the varying number of clusters per plant, size of the bunch, number of berries, total soluble solids and yield significantly different, with all these variables, except the soluble solids, obtained its peak with the greatest water depth experimental. In this experiment it was found that the linear model was best suited to explain the variables. In experiment 2, the intervals of fertigatio n did not affect directly the productivity of the vine, but allowed statistically significant differences for the variables average mass of clusters, width and number of clusters of berries. In the experiment 3, the different levels of potassium fertigation evaluated produced different responses in the productive characteristics of the vine, being statistically significant, analysis of variable number of clusters per plant, average weight of the bunches, the mean weight of 10 berries, berry width, content s oluble solids and productivity. In all variables in experiments 2 and 3, we found that the quadratic polynomial model as the most adequate to explain the behavior of biometrics. / A irrigação de lavouras e a sua adequada adubação constituem-se nas principais técnicas utilizadas quando se visa o aumento da produtividade nos diferentes cultivos vegetais. Entretanto, pesquisas já realizadas disponibilizaram poucas informações quanto à aplicação de água e do macronutriente potássio (K) no cultivo da videira. Em consequência, com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e as características biométricas da videira (Vitis vinifera L.) sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação, sob diferentes intervalos e crescentes níveis de adubação potássica, aplicadas via fertirrigação, três experimentos foram realizados concomitantemente no município de Limoeiro do Norte - CE (05°06’S, 37°52’W, 151 m), no período de setembro/08 a janeiro/09. O delineamento experimental utilizado nos três experimentos foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No experimento 1, testou-se cinco diferentes lâminas de irrigação quantificadas em função da evaporação medida no tanque classe “A” (ECA): 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% e 150% da ECA. No experimento 2, estudou-se cinco intervalos de fertirrigação potássica, sendo estes: tratamento 01, as fertirrigações ocorreram a cada 2 dias; tratamento 02, as fertirrigações ocorreram a cada 4 dias; tratamento 03, as fertirrigações ocorreram a cada 6 dias; tratamento 04, as fertirrigações ocorreram a cada 8 dias e tratamento 05, as fertirrigações ocorreram a cada 10 dias. No experimento 3, analisou-se seis níveis de fertirrigação potássica: 0%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% e 150% da recomendação utilizada pela agroempresa (368 kg.ha-1 de K2O). Através do software “SAEG 9.0 – UFV”, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e posteriormente quando significativos pelo teste F realizou-se a análise de regressão, buscando-se ajustar equações com significados biológicos. No experimento 1 concluiu-se que as variáveis número de cachos por planta, tamanho do cacho, número de bagas, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e produtividade apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas, sendo que todas estas variáveis, excetuando o teor de sólidos solúveis, obtiveram o seu maior valor com a maior lâmina de irrigação experimental. Neste experimento constatou-se que o modelo linear foi o mais adequado para explicar as variáveis analisadas. No experimento 2, os intervalos de fertirrigação não influenciaram diretamente na produtividade da videira, mas possibilitaram diferenças estatísticas significativas para as variáveis massa média dos cachos, largura dos cachos e número de bagas. Já no experimento 3, os diferentes níveis de fertirrigação potássica avaliados proporcionaram diferentes respostas nas características produtivas da videira, sendo estatisticamente significativas as análises das variáveis número de cachos por planta, massa média dos cachos, massa média de 10 bagas, largura da baga, teor de sólidos solúveis totais e produtividade. Em todas as variáveis analisadas nos experimentos 2 e 3, foi encontrado que o modelo polinomial quadrático como o mais adequado para explicar o comportamento das características biométricas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:26:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zart_m_me_jabo.pdf: 433854 bytes, checksum: b4481e6158066060faa53ee0f9546a95 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A espécie de mosca-das-frutas Anastrepha fraterculus é uma das principais pragas da fruticultura brasileira, porém, quando associada à cultura da videira, poucas informações estão disponíveis. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito da infestação artificial em diferentes cultivares e estádios fenológicos, a eficiência de atrativos alimentares para o monitoramento da praga e a flutuação populacional de adultos em diferentes cultivares na região da Serra Gaúcha, RS. No laboratório foi estudado o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de A. fraterculus em diferentes cultivares. Não ocorre desenvolvimento de A. fraterculus na cultivar ‘Niagara Rosada’. Na cultivar ‘Itália’ a espécie completa o desenvolvimento, mas a cultivar não é considerada um hospedeiro multiplicador da praga devido a baixa viabilidade larval. No que se refere à caracterização de danos, houve queda significativa de bagas nas cultivares ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Moscato Embrapa’ e ‘Isabel’ quando a infestação ocorreu na fase inicial de desenvolvimento do cacho (fase de grão ervilha). Na cultivar ‘Niagara Rosada’ não houve queda significativa e deformação das bagas e nem viabilidade no desenvolvimento larval. Atrativos alimentares foram testados em vinhedos e a formulação BioAnastrepha, à base de proteína hidrolisada, foi a mais eficaz. A flutuação populacional foi avaliada em áreas das cultivares ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Moscato Embrapa’, ‘Niagara Rosada’, ‘Itália’ (apenas 2005/06) e ‘Isabel’ (apenas safra 2006/07). Utilizou-se armadilhas McPhail contendo o atrativo BioAnastrepha a 5%. As maiores capturas de A. fraterculus foram observadas na cultivar ‘Moscato Embrapa’, com o pico populacional ocorrendo durante a fase de maturação de bagas. / The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is a major pest of Brazilian fruit trees. However, little information is available about it in association to grape. In this work it was evaluated the effect of artificial infestation in different cultivars and phenological stages, the efficacy of different food attractants for pest sampling and adult population fluctuation in different cultivars in southern Brazil. A. fraterculus postembryonic development was evaluated in different cultivars. A. fraterculus did not develop in ‘Niagara Rosada’ although it did in the ’Italia’ cultivar. However, this cultivar was not considered a multiplying host due to low larval viability of the pest. In relation to damage, there was significant berry injury in the cultivars ’Cabernet Sauvignon’, ’Moscato Embrapa’, and ’Isabel ’ when the infestation occurred in the initial stage of fruit development. The ‘Niagara Rosada’ berries did not present significant injury and malformation. The fruit fly larvae did not develop in this cultivar. Several food attractants were tested in vineyards and hydrolyzed protein (BioAnastrepha) was the most attractive. The population fluctuation was evaluated in several areas of ’Cabernet Sauvignon’, ’Moscato Embrapa’, ’Niagara Rosada’, ’Italia’ (only in 2005/06) and ’Isabel ’ (only in 2006/07) cultivars. McPhails traps with BioAnastrepha at 5% were used. Most of the flies were caught in ’Moscato Embrapa’ cultivar during berry ripening stage.

Resumo: A espécie de mosca-das-frutas Anastrepha fraterculus é uma das principais pragas da fruticultura brasileira, porém, quando associada à cultura da videira, poucas informações estão disponíveis. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito da infestação artificial em diferentes cultivares e estádios fenológicos, a eficiência de atrativos alimentares para o monitoramento da praga e a flutuação populacional de adultos em diferentes cultivares na região da Serra Gaúcha, RS. No laboratório foi estudado o desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de A. fraterculus em diferentes cultivares. Não ocorre desenvolvimento de A. fraterculus na cultivar 'Niagara Rosada'. Na cultivar 'Itália' a espécie completa o desenvolvimento, mas a cultivar não é considerada um hospedeiro multiplicador da praga devido a baixa viabilidade larval. No que se refere à caracterização de danos, houve queda significativa de bagas nas cultivares 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa' e 'Isabel' quando a infestação ocorreu na fase inicial de desenvolvimento do cacho (fase de grão ervilha). Na cultivar 'Niagara Rosada' não houve queda significativa e deformação das bagas e nem viabilidade no desenvolvimento larval. Atrativos alimentares foram testados em vinhedos e a formulação BioAnastrepha, à base de proteína hidrolisada, foi a mais eficaz. A flutuação populacional foi avaliada em áreas das cultivares 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa', 'Niagara Rosada', 'Itália' (apenas 2005/06) e 'Isabel' (apenas safra 2006/07). Utilizou-se armadilhas McPhail contendo o atrativo BioAnastrepha a 5%. As maiores capturas de A. fraterculus foram observadas na cultivar 'Moscato Embrapa', com o pico populacional ocorrendo durante a fase de maturação de bagas. / Abstract: The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, is a major pest of Brazilian fruit trees. However, little information is available about it in association to grape. In this work it was evaluated the effect of artificial infestation in different cultivars and phenological stages, the efficacy of different food attractants for pest sampling and adult population fluctuation in different cultivars in southern Brazil. A. fraterculus postembryonic development was evaluated in different cultivars. A. fraterculus did not develop in 'Niagara Rosada' although it did in the 'Italia' cultivar. However, this cultivar was not considered a multiplying host due to low larval viability of the pest. In relation to damage, there was significant berry injury in the cultivars 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa', and 'Isabel ' when the infestation occurred in the initial stage of fruit development. The 'Niagara Rosada' berries did not present significant injury and malformation. The fruit fly larvae did not develop in this cultivar. Several food attractants were tested in vineyards and hydrolyzed protein (BioAnastrepha) was the most attractive. The population fluctuation was evaluated in several areas of 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Moscato Embrapa', 'Niagara Rosada', 'Italia' (only in 2005/06) and 'Isabel ' (only in 2006/07) cultivars. McPhails traps with BioAnastrepha at 5% were used. Most of the flies were caught in 'Moscato Embrapa' cultivar during berry ripening stage. / Orientador: Odair Aparecido Fernandes / Coorientador: Marcos Botton / Banca: Sergio Antonio de Bortoli / Banca: Adalton Raga / Mestre

Submitted by Roberto Luvisutto Martins (rlmartins.agro@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-25T15:17:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Roberto Luvisutto Martins.pdf: 1862150 bytes, checksum: 7a9e99015cb69cd2a388498ceb3cc6ba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-05-25T17:14:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_rl_me_botfca.pdf: 1862150 bytes, checksum: 7a9e99015cb69cd2a388498ceb3cc6ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-25T17:14:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_rl_me_botfca.pdf: 1862150 bytes, checksum: 7a9e99015cb69cd2a388498ceb3cc6ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O trabalho teve como objetivo delimitar unidades de monitoramento da umidade do solo por meio da aplicação da análise geoestatística e multivariada em dados de textura do solo de um pomar de videira de vinho cv. Chardonnay / Paulsen 1103, de 1,1 ha, localizado em Espirito Santo do Pinhal, São Paulo. Em 54 pontos georreferenciados, foram coletadas 108 amostras de solo, nas camadas de 0-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m, para determinação da textura do solo (areia, silte e argila) e estimativa do conteúdo de água disponível (AD) e água prontamente disponível (APD). Os dados de textura do solo, AD e APD foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e ao teste de Kolmogorov–Smirnov. Posteriormente, os dados de textura do solo foram submetidos à análise geoestatística e interpolação por krigagem ordinária, para determinação das unidades de monitoramento da umidade do solo por meio das análises de componentes principais e de agrupamento fuzzy c-means. O melhor número de unidades de foi determinado a partir de dois índices, sendo quatro o resultado obtido, para ambas as camadas, as quais apresentaram diferença significativa tanto para as três frações granulométricas do solo quanto para AD e APD. Unidades de monitoramento com os valores maiores de argila e menores de silte contribuíram para os menores valores de AD e APD. A utilização restrita dos dados de textura do solo permite o delineamento de unidades de monitoramento da umidade do solo com elevada representatividade do conteúdo de água disponível do solo. / The objective of this study was to delimit soil water monitoring zones through the application of geostatistical and multivariate analysis in soil texture data of a 1.1 ha wine vine orchard cv. Chardonnay / Paulsen 1103, located at Espirito Santo do Pinhal, State of São Paulo, Brazil. In 54 georeferenced points, 108 soil samples were collected in the 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m layers to determine the percentage of soil granulometric fractions (sand, silt and clay), available soil water content (AW) and readily available soil water content (RAW). Soil fractions, AW and RAW data were submitted to descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov– Smirnov test. Soil granulometric fraction data were submitted to geostatistical analysis to characterize the data spatial distribution and their interpolation. Then, principal component and fuzzy c-means cluster analyses were applied for the determination of the best number of soil water monitoring zones based on two indexes. Four zones for both soil layers were determined, and they showed significant difference for both soil granulometric fractions as for AW and RAW. Zones with the highest values of clay fraction and smallest values for silt fraction gave the lowest values of AW and RAW. The use of soil texture data allows the design of soil water monitoring units with high representativeness of the available soil water content.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-27T11:28:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Anunciada Leal Porto.pdf: 1114756 bytes, checksum: 0011c80ff1bdc5f6d7a48254d4913f7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T11:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Anunciada Leal Porto.pdf: 1114756 bytes, checksum: 0011c80ff1bdc5f6d7a48254d4913f7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Crimson Seedless Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important seedless variety, due to its attractive bunch medium, and large dark pink berries. It features excellent sensory characteristics due to its firm texture and crisp flavor that varies from sweet to neutral and uniform color. Stands out as the second most important seedless variety of the São Francisco. Osmotic dehydration is presented as a good alternative to reduce the water activity of this grape, allowing its storage for long periods and improving its stability and quality. This study aimed to relate the influences of different parameters for efficient osmotic dehydration of fruit, in order to reduce post-harvest losses as well as offer new alternatives for the producer. To optimize the osmotic dehydration preliminary test was conducted with independent variables: temperature (T) (20ºC to 40ºC), immersion time (t) (0.5 to 4.0 hours, with breaks every 30 minutes) and concentration of osmotic solution (C) (35ºBrix, 50ºBrix and 60ºBrix) was the dependent variable moisture loss (ML). Then 26-2 fractional design was used, having as independent variables: T (30ºC and 50ºC), t (1.0 and 4.0 hours), NaOH (0% and 2%), bleach (0 and 1 minute), perforated in the fruit (0 and 16 holes/cm2) and C (30ºBrix and 60ºBrix) and the dependent variables and solids ML and incorporation of solid (IS). Proceeding was conducted a factorial design 23, with independent variables: T (30ºC to 50ºC), t (1 to 4 hours) and C (40ºBrix to 50ºBrix), being constant bleaching (30 seconds) and perforated (8 holes/cm2); the dependent variables were ML, IS and DEI (Dehydration Efficiency Index). The best conditions for osmotic dehydration using DEI as a parameter was the application of bleach for 30 seconds, 8 holes/cm2, osmotic solution at 42ºBrix, immersion time of 1.6 hours and temperature of 46 ° C. The response surface models obtained were predictive of ML and IS, except for DEI. The product selected best set Page's equation (R2 = 0.995). / A uva Crimson Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) é uma das mais importantes variedades sem sementes, devido ao seu atraente cacho médio, e grande bagas rosadas escuras. Apresenta característica sensorial excelente devido a sua textura firme e crocante, sabor que varia do doce ao neutro, e coloração uniforme. Destaca-se como a segunda variedade sem semente mais importante do Vale do São Francisco. À desidratação osmótica apresenta-se como boa alternativa para reduzir a atividade de água desta uva, permitindo o seu armazenamento por períodos longos e melhorando a sua estabilidade e qualidade. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo relacionar as influências de diferentes parâmetros para um eficiente processo de desidratação osmótica deste fruto, com a finalidade de reduzir as perdas pós-colheita como também oferecer novas alternativas para o produtor. Para otimizar a desidratação osmótica foi realizado ensaio preliminar com as variáveis independentes: temperatura (T) (20ºC a 40ºC), tempo de imersão (t) (0,5 a 4,0 horas, com intervalos a cada 30 minutos) e concentração da solução osmótica (C) (35ºBrix, 50ºBrix e 60ºBrix); sendo a variável dependente perda de umidade (PU). Em seguida foi aplicado planejamento fracionado 26-2, tendo como variáveis independentes: T (30ºC e 50ºC), t (1,0 e 4,0 horas), NaOH (0% e 2%), branqueamento (0 e 1 minuto), perfurações no fruto (0 e 16 perfurações/cm2) e C (30ºBrix e 60ºBrix); e as variáveis dependentes PU e incorporação de sólidos (IS). Prosseguindo foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 23, com variáveis independentes: T (30ºC a 50ºC), t (1 a 4 horas) e C (40ºBrix a 50ºBrix), sendo constante o branqueamento (30 segundos) e perfurações (8 perfurações/cm2); as variáveis dependentes foram PU, IS e IED (Índice de Eficiência de Desidratação). As melhores condições para a desidratação osmótica utilizando o IED como parâmetro foi a aplicação de branqueamento por 30 segundos, 8 perfurações/cm2, solução osmótica com 42ºBrix, tempo de imersão de 1,6 horas e temperatura de 46ºC. Os modelos de superfície de resposta obtidos foram preditivos para PU e IS, exceto para o IED. O produto selecionado ajustou melhor a equação de Page (R2 = 0,995).

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-22T14:04:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Nunes Moreira de Carvalho.pdf: 1145944 bytes, checksum: c5211386f8b018740c232834b3c5772a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T14:04:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Nunes Moreira de Carvalho.pdf: 1145944 bytes, checksum: c5211386f8b018740c232834b3c5772a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The thrips are important pests of table grape in the Submédio do Vale São Francisco. This research aimed to study thrips occurrence in three crops systems of grape (certified, semi-conventional, and conventional), the spatial distribution of thrips and the best technique to sample thrips in grape, and to characterize the damage caused by thrips attack on grape fruits. The densities of thrips were evaluated in five areas of Vitis vinifera varieties Sugraone and Brazil, Petrolina, PE. Leaves and flowers were collected, during two subsequent years. The techniques of beating and total remove were compared to survey thrips on flowers. The Taylor power law was used to know the population distribution. To determine injuries and damage to the inflorescence the study was conducted in Casa Nova, BA on the Thompson Seedless grape variety, with infestation levels of 0, 2, 4 and 8 thrips per inflorescence plus the treatment resulting from farm control (12 or more trips). The thrips species found from leaf survey were Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché), Retithrips syriacus Mayet, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard), Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Frankliniella sp., Scolothrips sp. and nymphs of the Aelothripidae. Thrips found from inflorescences survey were: F. schultzei, Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, Frankliniella rodeos (Moulton), Frankliniella gardeniae and Frankliniella sp. The Sugraone grape variety conducted in the semi-conventional system produced higher densities of thrips than others systems. There were no correlations between climatic factors with the population of thrips surveyed. In our study, thrips population exhibited contagious distribution and the appropriate sampling technique was beating flower (10 flowers/ha). Sampling thrips on leaves should be performed on leaves located in the middle of the medial branch, and using 10 plants/ha. The equation y = 2.574 + 48.46x (F = 59.98, P = 0.0001, r2 = 0.512) estimated the intensity of injuries in the fruits as function of thrips densities studied. The presence of a whitish halo around a small scar characterizes the damage of thrips on the fruties. The study showed that there is a complex of thrips on the vineyard and the information generated in this research is essential to the success of a sampling plan. / Os tripes são importantes pragas da videira no Submédio do Vale São Francisco. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram realizar um levantamento e a flutuação populacional das espécies de tripes que ocorrem em videira; determinar a distribuição espacial e ajustar um plano de amostragem convencional para tripes; e caracterizar as injúrias provocadas pelo ataque de tripes nas inflorescências. As densidades de tripes foram avaliadas em cinco áreas de Vitis vinifera (cultivares Sugraone e Brasil), em Petrolina-PE. Foram coletadas folhas e inflorescências, durante dois anos consecutivos. As técnicas de batida e coleta de inflorescências foram comparadas. Utilizou-se a lei de potência de Taylor para aferir a distribuição da população. Para determinação das injúrias na inflorescência, instalou-se um experimento, em Casa Nova-BA, com a variedade Thompsom Seedless, utilizando-se os níveis de infestação 0, 2, 4 e 8 tripes/inflorescência e o tratamento do produtor (12 ou mais tripes). As espécies de tripes encontradas em folhas foram: Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché), Retithrips syriacus Mayet, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard), Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), Frankliniella sp., Scolothrips sp. e ninfas de Aelothripidae, e nas inflorescências: F. schultzei, Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood, Frankliniella rodeos (Moulton), Frankliniella gardeniae Moulton e Frankliniella sp. O sistema semi-convencional, cultivar Sugraone, foi superior aos demais sistemas de manejo. Não houve correlações entre os fatores climáticos com a população de tripes. A distribuição foi agregada e a técnica de batida da flor a mais adequada (10 inflorescências/ha). A amostragem deve ser realizada em uma folha localizada no meio do ramo mediano da planta, em 10 plantas/ha. A equação y = 2,574 + 48,46x (F= 59,98; P= 0,0001; r2= 0,512) estimou a intensidade de injúrias nas bagas e o nível de infestação. A presença de um halo esbranquiçado ao redor de uma pequena cicatriz caracterizou as injúrias nas bagas. Observou-se a existência de um complexo de espécies de tripes na videira, e que as informações geradas nesta pesquisa são essenciais para o sucesso de um plano de amostragem.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Vagner_Brasil_Costa.pdf: 1928313 bytes, checksum: 6190fbaa07442fd10e6c07723e1169b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Never attached so much importance to the wine as it is nowadays. The phenomenon is worldwide, but in Brazil, a country with little tradition in wine, it has markedly. Several initiatives have been taken today, with the purpose of identifying new winegrowing regions in Brazil, where environmental conditions are more favorable to obtain better rates of maturation and quality of the grape. Knowledge of phenological phases is of fundamental interest to the grower, as it allows decision-making regarding the management practices necessary for the development and production of the vine. Thus, the study aims to evaluate characterize the phenology of the main cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. produced in the region of Santana do Livramento, as well as assess the influence of climatic variation in the growth cycle of the vines in this region. We evaluated the phenological and climatic data for 18 years (1993/94 to 2010/11) of grapes produced in the Almaden Winery, in Santana do Livramento. The bioclimatic indexes were evaluated. Precipitation (mm), maximum temperature, minimum and average (°C), cold hours (h) and the thermal requirements of the cultivars, such as determined by cáclculo degree-days (GD) according to equations proposed by Villa Nova et al (1972). The simple linear correlations between phenological and climate were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient (parametric). With the results, it can be concluded that the cold winter hours, maximum, minimum, average, and precipitation were not significant during the phenological stages, however, the variable degree-day is an important parameter to characterize each of the phenological sub-periods, as well as estimate the date of commencement of maturation. It is of utmost importance to establish resgisters and files that keep the life of viticulture in Campania, since there are few references and technical information of its development, as well as the phenological aspects of vines, both existing and cultivars of that could possibly be deployed in the region. / Nunca se atribuiu tanta importância ao vinho como nos dias atuais. O fenômeno é mundial, mas, no Brasil, país de pouca tradição vinícola, ele se apresenta de forma marcante. Várias iniciativas têm sido tomadas atualmente, com o propósito de identificar novas regiões vitícolas no Brasil, onde as condições ambientais sejam mais favoráveis à obtenção de melhores índices de maturação e qualidade da uva. O conhecimento das fases fenológicas é de fundamental interesse para o viticultor, pois possibilita tomadas de decisão quanto às práticas de manejo necessárias para o desenvolvimento e a produção da videira. Com isso, o trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar caracterizar a fenologia das principais cultivares de Vitis vinifera L. produzidas na região de Santana do Livramento, assim como, avaliar a influência das variações climáticas, no ciclo vegetativo das videiras nesta região. Foram estudados os dados fenológicos e climáticos de 18 anos (1993/94 a 2010/11) de uvas produzidas na Vinícola Almadén, em Santana do Livramento. Os índices bioclimáticos avaliados foram. Precipitação (mm), temperatura máxima, mínima e média (°C), horas de frio (h) e as exigências térmicas das cultivares avaliadas, essas, determinadas pelo cáclculo de graus-dia (GD) segundo equações propostas por Villa Nova et al (1972). As correlações lineares simples entre variáveis fenológicas e as climáticas foram avaliadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (paramétrico). De posse dos resultados, pode se concluir, que as horas de frio invernal, temperatura máxima, mínima, média e precipitação, não apresentaram relação significativa durante os estádios fenológicos, todavia, a variável graus-dia é um parâmetro importante para caracterizar cada um dos subperíodos fenológicos, assim como, estimar a data de colheita para as uvas produzidas na Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Considera-se de suma importância que se estabeleçam resgistros e arquivos que guardem a vida da viticultura na região da Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, já que são poucas as referências e informações técnicas de seu desenvolvimento, bem como dos aspectos fenológicos das videiras, tanto de cultivares já existentes como das que possivelmente possam ser implantadas no município.

This PhD. thesis is focused on application of different analytical techniques for determination of elemental composition of Moravian wine combined with analysis of selected polyphenol compounds. Two spectrometric techniques were used for elemental analysis of wine – Mass spectrometry and Optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS and ICP-OES). Analysis of organic constituents of wine was evaluated by High performance liquid chromatograph with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Data from analysis of wine were used for construction of mathematical models for determining geographical origin of wine and for determining type of varietal wine. Data handling was performed by usage of multivariate statistical methods (cluster analysis, principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis). For the discrimination of wine by the geographical origin, two separate models for white and red wine were constructed. Effectiveness of discrimination of Moravian wine (with knowledge about origin) into 4 wine regions was 100 % successful for white wine and 96,43 % for red wine samples. Those models were used for cross validation test of unknown samples with result 95 % successfully classified samples of white wine and 82,15% of red wine. Besides that, mathematical model for discrimination and classification of varietal wine was made. Müller Thurgau, Riesling and Gruner Veltliner were discriminated by the usage of 8 elemental parameters. Discrimination success rate of known samples was evaluated by canonical discriminant analysis with 95,83% of correctly classified known samples and 70,83% of correctly classified unknown varietal wine (cross validation test). In addition to these part of research, impact of different grape production systems on elemental composition of wine and Vitis Vinifera was studied. The core of the study was to find the connections between the type of agriculture and chemical properties of wine and Vitis Vinifera. Two agriculture systems were assessed – Organic agriculture and Integrated pest management. . Results of this study showed that quantity and manner of pesticide application is very important factor affecting the final elemental composition of the grapevine and wine, especially the content of copper, zinc and manganese. That knowledge can be used in the future for creation of classification model of wine according to grape production system. For comparison of radical scavenging activity, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) with DPPH method was used. In the case of this study, the influence of vine growing under different farming systems on the total antioxidant activity of wine was found to be insignificant.