Submitted by Natalie Mendes (nataliermendes@gmail.com) on 2015-07-28T01:01:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_RGV_Maria Reis.pdf: 1106415 bytes, checksum: 7034ec4c42920fa1bf7a9238be4d7eb7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-28T01:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_RGV_Maria Reis.pdf: 1106415 bytes, checksum: 7034ec4c42920fa1bf7a9238be4d7eb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Hyptis fruticosa Salzm. Ex. Benth and Ocimum gratissimum Lindi are species from lamiaceae family of great medicinal importance, notwithstanding, they have been goals of few studies related to the cultivation techniques. Therefore, the study?s goal was to evaluate the behavior and tolerance of plants of H. fruticosa and O. gratissimum cultivated in vases submitted to different levels of evapotranspired water reposition during thirteen days (H. fruticosa) and nine days (O. gratissimum). The experiment was made in greenhouse under randomized complete block design with four treatments (100, 75, 50 and 0% of evapotranspired water reposition). It was verified that there were not any significant difference of total dry mass and leaf area among the treatments in the species H. fruticosa and O. gratissimum. Both of them presented the lowest values of relative water content, water potential, chlorophylls and carotenoids in the water reposition 0% treatment. In O. gratissimum, there was the decrease in net assimilation of carbon, stomatal conductance and transpiration with the water deficit increase, but the CO2 inside concentration was higher in the water reposition 0% treatment. The two species presented amino acid accumulation, proline, soluble proteins and soluble carbohydrate according to the water deficit increase. The essential oil content increased with the water availability increment in O. gratissimum, but it did not present the significant difference among the treatments in H. fruticosa. O. gratissimum revealed itself more sensitive and H. fruticosa more tolerant to the water deficiency. / Hyptis fruticosa Salzm. ex. Benth e Ocimum gratissimum Lindl. s?o esp?cies da fam?lia lamiaceae de grande import?ncia medicinal, no entanto, t?m sido objetos de poucos estudos relacionados ?s t?cnicas de cultivo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento e toler?ncia de plantas de H. fruticosa e O. gratissimum cultivadas em vasos submetidas a diferentes n?veis de reposi??o de ?gua evapotranspirada durante o per?odo de treze dias (H. fruticosa) e nove dias (O. gratissimum). O experimento foi realizado em telado sob delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (100, 75, 50 e 0% de reposi??o de ?gua evapotranspirada). Verificou-se que n?o houve diferen?as significativas da massa seca total e ?rea foliar entre os tratamentos nas esp?cies H. fruticosa e O. gratissimum. As duas esp?cies apresentaram os menores valores de teor relativo de ?gua, potencial h?drico, clorofilas e caroten?ides no tratamento 0% de reposi??o de ?gua. Em O. gratissimum, houve redu??o da assimila??o l?quida de carbono, condut?ncia estom?tica e transpira??o com o aumento do d?ficit h?drico, por?m a concentra??o interna de CO2 foi superior no tratamento 0% de reposi??o de ?gua. As duas esp?cies apresentaram ac?mulo de amino?cidos livres, prolina, prote?nas sol?veis e carboidratos sol?veis de acordo com o aumento do d?ficit h?drico. O teor de ?leo essencial aumentou com o incremento da disponibilidade h?drica em O. gratissimum, mas n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos em H. fruticosa. A esp?cie O. gratissimum mostrou-se mais sens?vel e H. fruticosa mais tolerante ? defici?ncia h?drica.

<p>Najznačajniji ograničavajući činilac proizvodnje svih biljnih vrsta je nedostatak dovoljnih količina vode. Dobijanje novih genotipova sa povećanom tolerantno&scaron;ću prema nedostatku vode bi doveo do stabilnijih prinosa i u nepovoljnim uslovima, ali oplemenjivanje prema ovom abiotičkom faktoru je jo&scaron; uvek dugotrajno i iziskuje značajna finansijska sredstva. Do sada je bilo veoma malo istraživanja o uticaju nedostatka vode na &scaron;ećernu repi koristeći morfolo&scaron;ke i fiziolo&scaron;ke pokazatelje i kod roditeljskih linija i njihovih hibridnih kombinacija. Zbog toga, potraga za jednostavnim i brzim metodama za opis oplemenjivačkog materijala u odnosu na nedostatak vode igra važnu ulogu u programima oplemenjivanja.<br />Cilj istraživanja je bio da se u uslovima vodnog deficita ispitaju: razlike između roditeljskih linija i njihovih hibrida za 10 odabranih svojstava (masa svežeg korena, masa suvog korena, broj listova, masa liske po biljci, masa lisne dr&scaron;ke po biljci, gustina stoma, difuzni otpor stoma, sadržaj prolina, relativni sadržaj vode u listovima i specifična masa lista), kombinacione sposobnosti linija, međusobna povezanost između svojstava, kao i koja od ispitivanih svojstava bi se mogla koristiti kao pouzdan pokazatelj prema nedostatku vode.<br />Za materijal su odabrane: 4 jednoklične fertilne inbred linije &scaron;ećerne repe različite tolerantnosti prema venjenju u poljskim uslovima (linije 3, 4, 5 i 6), 2 monogermna citoplazmatski mu&scaron;ko sterilna testera ( linija 1 i 2 ) i njihovih 8 hibrida (3x1, 3x2, 4x1, 4x2, 5x1, 5x2, 6x1 i 6x2). Biljke su gajene u stakleniku, a primenjena su tri tretmana zalivanja i to: 30% od izmerene dnevne potro&scaron;nje vode (DPV), 60% od DPV i kontrola (100% od DPV).<br />Najmanja masa svežeg korena (jedna godina istraživanja) je zabeležena kod linija 3 i 4 (u polju ocenjene kao osetljive na nedostatak vode). Masa korena linija i hibrida kao jedno od najvažnijih svojstava u oplemenjivanju je bila u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa masom liske i masom lisne dr&scaron;ke u kontroli kao i u tretmanima. Masa liske osetljivih linija 3 i 4 je u jednoj godini bila najmanja u kontroli (100% DPV) i 60% DPV, a u uslovima najvećeg nedostatka vode skoro da nije bilo razlika između linija, kao ni&nbsp;između hibrida. Veći sadržaj prolina i veća specifična lisna masa se ne mogu koristiti kao pogodna svojstva za veću tolerantnost &scaron;ećerne repe prema nedostatku vode. Primenom PCA analize jasno su se izdvojile linije 3 i 4, koje su u poljskim uslovima ocenjene da su osetljive na nedostatak vode. Prema klaster analizi može se reći da su sa svojstvima korena najvi&scaron;e povezana: masa liske, masa lisne dr&scaron;ke, broj listova i RWC. Tako da su ova svojstva od većeg značaja za oplemenjivanje &scaron;ećerne repe u uslovima dobro obezbeđenih vodom kao i u uslovima sa smanjenim količinama vode. Svojstva koja su bila u najslabijoj vezi sa korenom &scaron;ećerne repe su: gustina stoma, difuzni otpor stoma, specifična masa listova i sadržaj prolina.</p> / <p>The most limiting factor for production of all plant species is the lack of appropriate amount of water. Breeding of new genotypes with increased tolerance to the water stress would lead to more stable yields under dry conditions. Breeding for this abiotic factor is time-consuming and requires significant financial resources. There have been very few researches of the impact of water stress in the sugar beet using morphological and physiological parameters in the parent lines and their hybrid combinations. Therefore, the search for simple and rapid methods for the description of breeding materials in relation to water stress, play an important role in breeding programs.<br />The aim of this research was to examine the differences between parental lines and their hybrids under water deficit for 10 selected traits: (fresh root weight, dry rootweight, number of leaves, lamina weight per plant, petiole weight per plant, stomatal density, stomatal diffusive resistance, proline content, relative water content in leaves and specific leaf weight). The aim of this research was also to test combining ability of lines, correlation between the traits and which trait could be used as a reliable parameter in water stress conditions.<br />As plant material were used: 4 monogerm fertile sugar beet inbred lines with different tolerance to leaf wilting in field conditions (lines 3, 4, 5 and 6), 2 monogerm cytoplasmic male sterile testers (lines 1 and 2) and their hybrids 8 (3x1, 3x2 , 4x1, 4x2, 5x1, 5x2, 6x1 and 6x2). Plants were grown in a greenhouse, and there were applied two treatments of irrigations: 30% of the daily water need (DWN), 60% of the DWN and control (100% of DWN).<br />Line 3 and 4 (in the field marked as sensitive to water stress) had a lowest fresh root weight. Root weight as one of the most important trait in breeding was positively correlated with the lamina weight and petiole weigh in the control and in the treatments. Lines 3 and 4 had lowest lamina weight in the control (100% DWN) and 60% of DWN. The higher content of proline and higher specific leaf weight cannot be&nbsp;used as a suitable trait for higher tolerance to water stress. Lines 3 and 4 were separeted by PCA analysis from other genotypes. These lines were marked as sensitive to water stress in field conditions. According to cluster analysis, the root traits were the most correlated with lamina weight, petiole weight, number of leaves and RWC. These traits are significant for sugar beet breeding in well water and dry water conditions. Stomatal density, stomatal diffusive resistance, specific leaf weight and proline content were in the lowest correlation with root traits.</p>

La transmission aux semences est l’un des moyens les plus efficaces de survie et de dispersion pour les champignons phytopathogènes. Les semences ainsi contaminées sont altérées dans leur germination et leur viabilité. De ce fait, nous avons cherché à identifier des mécanismes moléculaires qui pourraient être impliqués dans cette capacité de transmission en utilisant le pathosystème modèle Alternaria brassicicola - Arabidopsis thaliana. Pour cela, nous avons analysé la réponse d’A. brassicicola soumis à différentes contraintes in vitro et in vivo :l’exposition à des métabolites de défenses de la famille des Brassicacées (brassinine,camalexine et isothiocyanate) et à des perturbations de la balance hydrique (dessiccation,sorbitol and PEG) ainsi que lors de la colonisation de la semence à partir des siliques. Nous avons montré que la cible probable des phytoalexines indoliques était la mitochondrie avec notamment une altération de la respiration et du potentiel membranaire mitochondrial après une courte exposition. Nos analyses ont aussi révélé que plusieurs protéines de type hydrophilines-like ou en lien avec formation des eisosomes, semblaient être impliquées dans la réponse au stress hydrique. Nous avons également montré que l’expression de la majorité des gènes codant ces protéines était dépendante d’au moins une des trois protéines kinases,AbSch9, AbNik1 and AbHog1. Enfin, nos analyses in planta ont permis d’identifier un mécanisme inattendu, impliquant le remodelage de la chromatine comme élément potentiel,de la régulation de l’expression génique du champignon lors de l’infection. / Seed transmission is one of the most effective means of survival and dispersal for plant pathogenic fungi. The contaminated seeds are altered in their germination and viability. As a result, we have sought to identify molecular mechanisms that could be involved in this transmission capacity using the Alternaria brassicicola - Arabidopsis thaliana pathosystem model. To do this, we analyzed the response of A. brassicicola subjected to different stresses in vitro and in vivo: exposure to defence metabolites of the Brassicaceae family (brassininin, camalexin and isothiocyanate) and to perturbations of the water balance (desiccation, sorbitol and PEG) as well as during seed colonization from silicics. We have shown that the likely target of indolic phytoalexins is mitochondria, including impaired respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential after short exposure. Our analyses also revealed that several hydrophiline-like proteins or proteins related to eisosome formation appeared to be involved in the response to water stress. We have also shown that the expression of the majority of genes encoding these proteins is dependent on at least one of the three protein kinases, AbSch9, AbNik1 and AbHog1. Finally, our in planta analyses identified an unexpected mechanism, involving the remodelling of chromatin as a potential element in regulating the gene expression of the fungus during infection.

Η υδατική καταπόνηση αποτελεί έναν από τους κυριότερους περιβαλλοντικούς παράγοντες περιορισμού της φυτικής ανάπτυξης και απόδοσης στα ξηρά και ημίξηρα οικοσυστήματα, συμπεριλαμβανομένων κι αυτών με μεσογειακού τύπου κλίμα. Σκοπός της παρούσας ερευνητικής εργασίας ήταν η εκτίμηση των επιδράσεων της υδατικής καταπόνησης στη φωτοχημική ικανότητα του PSII και τις φωτεινές αντιδράσεις της φωτοσύνθεσης, σε τυπικά μεσογειακά είδη. Η υδατική καταπόνηση επιτεύχθηκε τόσο εργαστηριακά εντός διαστήματος λίγων ωρών, όσο και σε ημι-φυσικές συνθήκες περιβάλλοντος σε διάστημα περίπου δύο εβδομάδων. Μετά τις δύο εβδομάδες τα φυτά επανυδατώθηκαν, με στόχο την εκτίμηση της ικανότητας ανάκαμψης από το έντονο υδατικό stress. Η ανάλυση της κινητικής της επαγωγής του φθορισμού της χλωροφύλλης a μέσω του JIP-test αποκάλυψε την άμεση επίδραση της έλλειψης νερού στη ροή των ηλεκτρονίων, όπως αυτή εκφράζεται από τις παραμέτρους ψΕο, φΕο, δRo και φRo. Επιπλέον, παρατηρήθηκε αρνητική συσχέτιση του δείκτη RWC με το συνολικό απόθεμα των ενεργών κέντρων του PSI και τους τελικούς υποδοχείς του PSI, καθώς και με τους δείκτες φωτοσυνθετικής απόδοσης PIABS & PItotal. Η μέγιστη φωτοχημική ικανότητα του PSII, φPo(=Fv/Fm) μειώθηκε μόνο σε πολύ χαμηλές τιμές RWC στις εργαστηριακές μετρήσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν, ενώ στις ημι-φυσικές συνθήκες η μείωση του φPo την δεύτερη εβδομάδα της υδατικής καταπόνησης συνοδεύτηκε από αυξημένη θερμική απόσβεση της απορροφούμενης ενέργειας διεγέρσεως. Η ανάπτυξη του υδατικού stress σε ημι-φυσικές συνθήκες οδήγησε επίσης στη μεταβολή των ειδικών ενεργειακών ροών ανά δραστικό ενεργό κέντρο του PSII, πιθανώς λόγω της μερικής αδρανοποίησης ενεργών κέντρων στις συνθήκες αυτές. Επιπλέον, καταγράφηκε αύξηση του φθορισμού στα 300 μsec (Σημείο Κ), ένα φαινόμενο που συνδέεται με καταστολή της λειτουργίας του συμπλόκου έκλυσης οξυγόνου. Οι εν λόγω μεταβολές δεν παρατηρήθηκαν στον ίδιο βαθμό στις εργαστηριακές μετρήσεις, γεγονός που πιθανώς οφείλεται στη σταδιακή ανάπτυξη της ξηρασίας και τη συνδυαστική δράση της έλλειψης νερού, της υψηλής θερμοκρασίας και των υψηλών εντάσεων φωτός κάτω από φυσικές συνθήκες περιβάλλοντος. Από την πρώτη κιόλας ημέρα μετά την επανυδάτωση των φυτών, όλες οι παράμετροι του JIP-test άρχισαν να επανακάμπτουν. Ωστόσο, εντοπίστηκαν διαφορές στην ταχύτητα επαναφοράς μεταξύ των διαφορετικών ειδών. Συνολικά, τα ευρήματα μας υποδεικνύουν καταστολή των φωτεινών αντιδράσεων της φωτοσύνθεσης σε συνθήκες υδατικής καταπόνησης, μεταβολή η οποία αντιστράφηκε γρήγορα στα πειράματά μας. Θα μπορούσε λοιπόν, να θεωρηθεί ως ένας μηχανισμός προσαρμογής που εξασφαλίζει στα μεσογειακά είδη που μελετήθηκαν την διατήρηση της λειτουργικότητας της φωτοσυνθετικής συσκευής, ακόμη και σε συνθήκες έντονης υδατικής καταπόνησης. / Water stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth and yield in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, including those with Mediterranean climate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water stress on the photosynthetic capacity of PSII and on the light reactions of photosynthesis of typical Mediterranean species. Water stress experiments were conducted both under laboratory conditions, through dehydration of leaf-disks within hours and under semi-natural conditions by withholding water for about two weeks. Drought period was followed by six days of re-watering, in order to assess the recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus. Analysis of the polyphasic OJIP fluorescence transient through JIP-test, revealed direct limitations in electron transport, as expressed by the parameters ψΕο, φΕο, δRo and φRo. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between RWC and the pool of the RCs of PSI, the pool of electron end-acceptors, and the photosynthetic efficiency, as expressed by the parameters PIABS & PItotal. The maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry φPο (=Fv/Fm) was affected only under very low RWC values during the laboratory experiments. On the other hand, a reduction was found during the second week of drought stress treatment, along with an increased conversion rate of absorbed light into thermal energy. Under semi-natural conditions, water stress also caused a shift in the specific energy flows per RC of PSII, caused possibly by inactivation of RCs. Moreover, there was an increase in fluorescence intensity at 300 microseconds (K-band), a phenomenon associated with inhibition of the oxygen evolving complex. These alterations were not observed to the same extent in the laboratory experiments, so they can be attributed to the gradual onset of drought and the combined effect of dehydration, high temperature and high light intensities under natural conditions. Within one day after rehydration, all the parameters of the JIP-test began to recover. However, differences in the recovery rate were observed between different species. In conclusion, our findings indicate down-regulation of light reactions of photosynthesis under water stress. This phenomenon was quickly reversed in our experiments. Therefore, it could be regarded as an adaptive response, which maintains the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus of the Mediterranean species studied, even under severe water deficit.

Genetic material of Lithuanian origin varieties, breeding lines and wild ecotypes representing P. pratense, P. bertolonii and P. phleoides species were studied for the most important agro-morphological and feeding value indicators as well as at the genetic level employing different biochemical–molecular markers. The water stress experiment clearly demonstrated the existence of different levels of water stress response in Phleum species, suggesting that P. phleoides might have evolved under conditions of limited water availability. “Blind” mapping by HRM was used successfully to map water stress response genes of timothy in the perennial ryegrass mapping population. In total, 12 putative water stress response genes were mapped in seven perennial ryegrass linkage groups. / Pasitelkus agromorfologinius, kokybės ir biocheminius – molekulinius metodus ištirtos lietuviškos kilmės pašarinių, žemaūgių bei stepinių motiejukų veislės, selekcinės linijos bei laukiniai ekotipai. Fiziologiniai sausros atsparumo tyrimų rezultatai įrodė, kad stepiniai motiejukai turi geriau išvystytą atsparumo sausrai mechanizmą. Pirmą kartą motiejukuose aptikti ekspresuojami atsparumo sausrai kandidatiniai genai HRM metodu sužymėti daugiametės svidrės genolapyje.

Thesis (Master of Civil Engineering) University of California, Berkeley, December 1996. / "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (l. 76-79). Also available online.

Soybean has been the main crop used in rotation with irrigated rice in Rio Grande do Sul. However, soybean cultivation in lowland represents a high-risk activity due to stresses that generally occur in this environment. These stresses may significantly reduce growth and development of soybean plants by limiting important physiological processes such as photosynthesis and biological nitrogen fixation. In view of the above, the thesis work aimed to determine the influence of different cropping and irrigation systems on root growth, nodulation, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, soil water holding capacity, water use efficiency and grain yield of soybean in lowlands. Two experiments were carried out under field conditions and one under greenhouse conditions in the Várzea Experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, during 2014/15 and 2015/16 growing seasons. For the burndown timing of ryegrass experiment, applications were carried out between 20 and 90 days before soybean planting on raised seedbeds. The experiment 1 involving cropping systems and irrigation consisted of combinations between raised seedbeds flat planting with or without the practice of irrigation. The experiment 2, was carried out under greenhouse condictions and was characterized by the implementation of 10 days water deficit during V6 (six expanded trifoliate), R2 (full flowering) and R5 (grain filling) growth stages. Based on the main results, it was observed that desiccation and sowing intervals of soybean less than 60 days or quantities of ryegrass straw remaining on the soil surface higher than 1000 kg ha-1 significantly increase soil moisture retention at the sowing time. Growing soybeans using raised seedbeds increase crop yield and reduce irrigation water use when compared to flat-planting of soybean in a rice-soybean rotation. Water shortage during the grain filling period significantly reduces grain yield of soybean in lowlands. / A soja tem sido a principal cultura utilizada em rotação com o arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul. No entanto, o cultivo da soja em terras baixas constitue-se em uma atividade de alto risco devido aos estresses que geralmente atuam neste ambiente. Estes estresses podem reduzir significativamente o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas de soja através da limitação de processos fisiológicos importantes como por exemplo, a fotossíntese e a fixação biológica de nitrogênio. Em vista do exposto, o trabalho de tese teve como objetivo determinar a influência de diferentes sistemas de implantação e de irrigação no crescimento do sistema radicular, nodulação, estresse oxidativo, fotossíntese, armazenamento de água no solo, eficiência do uso de água e rendimento de grãos de soja em terras baixas. Foram realizados dois experimentos em condições de campo e um em casa de vegetação na área Experimental de Várzea da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, durante os anos agrícolas de 2014/15 e de 2015/16. O experimento1 consistiu de épocas de dessecação do azevém, as quais foram realizadas entre 20 e 90 dias antes da semeadura da soja em camalhões. O experimento envolvendo sistemas de implantação e irrigação constituiu-se das combinações entre camalhões e sem camalhões com ou sem irrigação suplementar. O experimento 2 foi realizado em casa de vegetação e caracterizou-se pela implementação de 10 dias de deficit hídrico nos estádios fenólóficos V6 (seis trifólios expandidos), R2 (florescimento pleno) e R5 (enchimento de grãos). Com base nos principais resultados, observou-se que intervalos de dessecação e semeadura da soja menores de 60 dias ou quantidades de palha de azevém remanescente na superfície do solo superiores a 1000 kg ha-1 aumentam signicativamente a retenção de umidade no momento de semeadura. O uso de camalhões para o cultivo da soja aumenta o rendimento de grãos e reduz o uso de água para irrigação comparado ao sistema sem camalhões. A deficiência hídrica durante o período de enchimento de grãos reduz significativamente o rendimento de grãos de soja em terras baixas.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T16:11:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JANIVAN FERNANDES SUASSUNA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2011..pdf: 18061504 bytes, checksum: fd08a63472b542945b135446d04567f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T16:11:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JANIVAN FERNANDES SUASSUNA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2011..pdf: 18061504 bytes, checksum: fd08a63472b542945b135446d04567f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02 / CNPq / No Nordeste brasileiro ocorrem períodos longos e variados de seca, constituindo-se de grande relevância a identificação de materiais genéticos promissores para cultivo em tais condições. Conhecendo-se as funções do porta-enxerto e sua importância para o sucesso da citricultura, inclusive sobre sua influência na tolerância a fatores de estresse, realizou-se este trabalho objetivando-se avaliar a tolerância de genótipos de citros (variedades e híbridos) ao estresse hídrico na fase de formação de porta-enxerto. Para tanto, um experimento em viveiro telado da UFCG, foi realizado, em duas etapas (A e B), no qual os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação dos fatores, manejo hídrico (MH) e genótipos (GEN). Na etapa A, de 60 a 135 dias após a semeadura (DAS), os tratamentos foram: MHj - umidatfc no substrato dos tubetes. correspondente ao nível de 100% do conteúdo hídrico próximo à capacidade de campo (CC) e MHj - umidade no substrato dos tubetes correspondente ao nível de 50% da CC Na etapa B, de 136 a 210 DAS, manteve-se o tratamento MHj, com o substrato próximo à CC em MHj, intensificou-se o nível de estresse, passando as plantas a receber irrigação no nível 25% da CC. O fator GEN foi constituído de 10 genótipos de porta-enxertos de citros, 'variedades e híbridos' provenientes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Citros da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com um fatorial 2 x 10 e 3 repetições, a parcela foi constituída de 15 plantas, cultivadas individualmente em tubetes de 288 mL de capacidade volumétrica. As intensidades de estresse foram monitoradas diariamente por pesagem dos tubetes, para se avaliar a perda de água. A avaliação do estresse foi concluída individualmente por genótipo, quando começaram a secar e/ou a cairem 50% das folhas das plantas, em mais da metade dos tubetes. Durante o experimento foram avaliadas variáveis de crescimento e fisiológicas. Na coleta final foram realizadas, ainda, avaliações de fitomassa e, mediante análise da fitomassa total, os genótipos foram classificados em moderadamente tolerantes, moderadamente sensíveis e sensíveis ao estresse hídrico. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por análise de variância e teste 'F' até 5% de probabilidade e analise de comparação das médias pelo teste de Scott-Knott (p<0,05) para o fator genótipos O estresse hídrico promoveu alterações nas trocas gasosas, no crescimento e na produção de fitomassa dos porta-enxertos de cirros. Os porta-enxertos 'TSKC x TRENG256', 'TSKC x (TR x LCRH>59', 'TSKFL x CTTR-017', 'TSKC x TRENG-264' e 'TSKFL x LRM-007' são mais promissores para cultivo em condições de baixa disponibilidade hídrica e os genótipos 'LCRSC, 'TSKFL x CTC25-0T0', 'CTSW, 'LCRC e 'LVK' não resistiram ao estresse hídrico de 25% da capacidade de campo. / In Northeast Brazil. long and varied drought periods occur, and it is of great importance to identify promising genetic materiais for farming in these conditions. Knowing the rootstock functions and its importance to the success of citrus crops, including its influence on the tolerance of stress factors, a research was carried out aiming to evaluate the tolerance of citrus genotypes (varieties and hybrids) to water stress on rootstock formation. For this, an experiment was conducted in the nursery at UFCG, on two stages (A and B), in which the treatments consisted of combinations factor, water management (MH) and genotypes (GEN). On stage A, from 60 to 135 days after sowing (DAS), the treatments were: MHi - substrate moisture in the tubes, corresponding to a levei of 100% of the water content at field capacity (CC), and MH2 - substrate moisture in the tubes, corresponding to a levei of 50% water content CC. In the stage B, from 136 to 210 DAS, the MH] factor with the remained plants in the CC moisture, and in the MH2 the stress levei was intensified, and the plants remained in a moisture of 25% water content CC. The GEN factor consisted of 10 citrus rootstock genotypes, 'varieties and hybrids'. of the Citrus Genetic Improvement Program. The experimental design was randomized blocks with a 2 x 10 factorial, and three replications; the plot consisted of 15 plants, cultivated individually in plastic tubes of 288 mL of volume capacity. The stress intensity was monitored daily by weighing the tubes, to measure the water loss. When 50% of the plant leaves began to dry and/or fali in more than half of the tubes, the stress evaluation was completed individually by genotype. During the experiment, growth and physiological variables were evaluated. In the final collection, biomass evaluations were performed, and according to the total biomass analysis the genotypes were classified into moderately tolerant, moderately sensitive, and sensitive to water stress. The data were evaluated by variance analysis and test 'F' (p<0.05) and analysis by comparison of averages by Scott-Knott test for genotype factor, to 5 % probability. Water stress provided changes on leaf gas exchange, on growth and biomass production of rootstocks citrus genotypes. The genotypes 'LCRSC, 'TSKFL x CTC25-010', 'CTSW 'LCRC and 'LVK' did not survive to water stress of 25% moisture corresponding to field capacity; and rootstocks 'TSKC x TRENG-256', 'TSKC x (TR x LCR)-059', 'TSKFL x CTTR-017', 'TSKC x TRENG-264' and 'TSKFL x LRM-007', are most promising for farming in scarce water availability.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-14T16:45:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO EVAMI CAVALCANTE SOUSA - TESE PPGEA 2011..pdf: 17543888 bytes, checksum: e23704636c7719f8f20417c7205dc480 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T16:45:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO EVAMI CAVALCANTE SOUSA - TESE PPGEA 2011..pdf: 17543888 bytes, checksum: e23704636c7719f8f20417c7205dc480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11 / CNPq / Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar a viabilidade do uso de águas de qualidade inferior na cultura do pinhão-manso cujo ponto de partida foi a análise de dois experimentos, sendo um irrigado com água residuária e outro com água salina, nos 3o e 4° ano de cultivo. As lâminas de reposição hídrica do consumo influenciam as variáveis de crescimento do pinhão-manso a partir dos 30 dias após a poda. As variáveis altura de planta e área foliar são afetadas pela interação dos fatores (RH x DP) aos 30 e 30, 60 e 90 dias após a poda, respectivamente. O peso de frutos e a eficiência do uso da água são influenciados pelas lâminas de reposição hídrica do consumo do pinhão-manso as quais, não são afetadas pelas doses de fósforo. O diâmetro de caule, número de folhas e consumo de água, são afetados linear e negativamente pela salinidade da água de irrigação. A área foliar é a única variável de crescimento influenciada pela doses de fósforo nas três avaliações e o número de folhas foi influenciado somente aos 30 DAP. A salinidade da água de irrigação a partir de 1,6 dS m"1 interfere negativamente no acúmulo de matéria seca das folhas de pinhão-manso. O consumo médio de água do pinhão-manso diminuiu 22,5% por aumento unitário da salinidade da água de irrigação durante 180 dias. O pinhão-manso demonstra sensibilidade à salinidade da água de irrigação com condutividade elétrica superior a 1,6 dS m"'. O incremento na reposição hídrica com água residuária proporcionou incremento nas trocas gasosas foliares, notadamente na taxa de assimilação de carbono. O teor dos elementos obedeceu à seguinte ordem decrescente nas folhas: N > K > Mg > Ca > P > Na > S > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cl > Cu. Com o aumento da reposição hídrica os teores foliares de P, Zn e Cu aumentaram enquanto no limbo foliar os teores de Cl, Mn e Na decresceram suas concentrações. As doses de P2O5 aplicadas não influenciaram nos teores de nenhum dos elementos estudados. A salinidade da água de irrigação prejudica as plantas de pinhãomanso, provocando reduções na condutância estomática, perda nas taxas de transpiração e de fotossíntese, além de aumento na temperatura foliar. O teor foliar dos nutrientes e o elemento sódio obedeceram à seguinte ordem: K > N > Cl > Ca > Na > Mg > P > S > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. Com exceção do cobre todos os nutrientes e elementos avaliados aumentaram com o acréscimo da salinidade da água de irrigação. O teor máximo de N e K nas folhas do pinhão-manso foi obtido com uma CEa de 2,2 dS m" . A menor dose de P2O5 utilizada é suficiente para permitir o desenvolvimento da planta durante o período experimental. Os níveis de irrigação influenciaram os componentes de produção, como emissão de inflorescência, número de cachos, número de frutos e peso de 100 sementes. O teor de óleo foi influenciado significativamente pelo nível de reposição hídrica, ocorrendo um acréscimo de 11,51% no nível 1,25 de reposição hídrica. O acréscimo das doses de fósforo influenciou, entre as variáveis em estudo, apenas o número de cachos. O número de dias para emitir a inflorescência, número de cachos por planta, produtividade de grãos e o teor de óleo das sementes de pinhão-manso, foi afetado negativamente pelo aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação. A cultura do pinhãomanso irrigado com água de condutividade elétrica de 1,3 dS m"1 atinge, em média, perda de 10% da massa e, consequentemente, do teor de óleo em suas sementes. Há correlação positiva entre o peso de 100 sementes e teor de óleo das sementes de pinhão-manso. Só o número de dias para emissão da inflorescência foi afetado pelas doses de fósforo. Plantas de pinhão-manso irrigadas com 100% da capacidade de campo com água residuária apresentam redução na produção de massa e área foliar, comparando-se com as plantas irrigadas com água de abastecimento. Esta espécie apresenta a capacidade de se ajustar osmoticamente a partir da síntese de glicina betaína; contudo, demonstra que o acúmulo de prolina no tecido não é efetivó para o ajustamento osmótico devido aos seus baixos teores acumulados no tecido. A aplicação de lâminas de reposição hídrica com efluente doméstico no solo ocasionou elevação no pH, conforme aumenta a disponibilidade hídrica. Porém, o efeito sobre o potássio foi inverso. Com relação às doses de P2O5 no perfil do solo, não se detectou efeito sobre os elementos em estudo. / The cultivation of physic nut in recent years has received special attention, being considered a altemative energy source universally accepted. The objective of this work to analyze the feasibility of using lower quality water for irrigation and phosphorus leveis on yields of physic nut during the 3rd and 4th year of production. Growth variables were influenced by the blades of fluid consumption of the physic nut from 30 days after pruning. The number of leaves and stem diameter were influenced by phosphorus at 30 and 90 days after pruning, respectively. Variables, plant height and leaf area were affected by the interaction of 30 and 30, 60 and 90 days after pruning, respectively. The weight of the fruit and water use effíciency were influenced by the depth of fluid consumption of the physic nut, however, were not affected by phosphorus. The stem diameter, number of leaves and water consumption are linear and negatively affected by salinity of irrigation water. Leaf area was the only variable influenced by the growth rates of phosphorus in the three evaluations and the number of leaves was affected at 30 DAP. The salinity of irrigation water from 1.6 dS m"1 negatively interferes with the accumulation of dry leaves of physic nut. The average water consumption of the physic nut decreased 22.5% per unit increase in salinity of irrigation water for 180 days. The physic nut demonstrates sensitivity to salinity of irrigation water with electrical conductivity higher than 1.6 dS m"'. The increase in hydration with wastewater resulted increase in leaf gas exchange, notably in the rate of carbon assimilation. The content of the elements the following order of decreasing leaf: N> K> Mg> Ca> P> Na> S> Fe> Mn> Zn> Cl> Cu. With increasing hydration leveis of P, Zn, and Cu increased while the leveis of Cl, Mn and Na decreased their concentrations in the leaves. P2O5 doses applied did not influence the content of any of the elements studied. The salinity of irrigation water led to reductions in stomatal conductance, leading to declines in rates of transpiration and photosynthesis, and increased leaf temperature. The nutrient content of the leaves the following order: K> N> Ca> Mg> P> S and Cl> Na> Fe> Mn> Zn> Cu, for macro and micronutrients, respectively. Aside from covering ali aspects evaluated increased with increasing salinity of irrigation water. The maximum N and K in leaves of physic nut was obtained with an ECw of 2.2 dS m"1. The irrigation leveis influenced the yield components such as issuance of inflorescence, number of bunches, fruit number and weight of 100 seeds. The oil content was significantly influenced by the levei of fluid there was an increase of 11.51% at 1.25 levei of fluid. The increase of phosphorus leveis influence among the variables studied, only the number of clusters. The number of days to issue the inflorescence, number of clusters per plant, grain yield and oil content of seeds of physic nut were negatively affected by increasing salinity of irrigation water. Acculturate of physic nut irrigated with electrical conductivity of 1.3 dS m"1 reaches an average 10% loss of mass and therefore the oil content in seeds. Only the number of days to inflorescence emission was affected by phosphorus. There was a positive correlation between 100 seed weight and oil content of seeds of physic nut. Physic nut plants irrigated with 100% of field capacity with wastewater show a reduction in mass production and leaf area compared with plants irrigated with water supply. This species has the ability to adjust osmotic from the synthesis of glycine betaine. However, demonstrates that the accumulation of proline in the tissue is not effective for osmotic adjustment due to its low leveis accumulated in the tissue. The application of layers of fluid replacement with domestic wastewater in the soil caused an increase in pH with increasing water availability, however, the effect on potassium was reversed. With respect to the P2O5 leveis in the soil profile, there was no efTect on the elements in the study.

Le riz est l'une des céréales les plus importantes au monde. Au Vietnam, le riz est également considéré comme un produit agronomique clé pour l'exportation. Cependant, le stress dû à la sécheresse menace la production de riz de plus en plus fréquemment et sur de plus longues périodes. Les racines coronaires constituent une partie importante du système racinaire du riz et jouent un rôle crucial dans le maintien du rendement en cas de sécheresse. Le nombre de racines coronaires affecte la biomasse de racines et détermine la capacité de la plante à extraire les ressources du sol. Un QTL de NRC, qNCR11, localisé sur le chromosome 11, avait été détecté dans une étude d’association précédente utilisant un panel de riz vietnamiens. Dans notre étude, son effet sur le NCR, léger, a été validé par cartographie de QTL en utilisant une population biparentale . Afin de déterminer les gènes sous-jacents à qNCR11 et régissant l'initiation et le développement des racines coronaires, une étude de séquençage du génome entier et une étude d'expression ont été réalisées. Deux gènes candidats, NCR2 (NBS-LRR) et NCR3 (OsbHLH014) ont été identifiés. NCR2 portait un SNP non synonyme dans son ORF, provoquant un codon stop prématuré corrélé avec un NCR élevé; NCR3 était moins exprimé dans les bases de la tige des plantes à haplotype NCR élevé que chez les plantes à haplotype NCR faible. Des mutations dans ces gènes ont été obtenues à l'aide du système CRISPR / Cas9 et le phénotypage des lignées obtenues est en cours. Le QTL qNCR11 à effet mineur pourrait être utile aux sélectionneurs pour produire des variétés de riz avec un NCR augmenté ou diminué pour les différents écosystèmes-cibles, afin de favoriser l'extraction de l'eau dans des conditions de sécheresse. / Rice is one of the most important cereals worldwide. In Vietnam, rice is also known as a key agronomic product for exportation. However, drought stresses threaten rice production with an increasing frequency and for longer periods. Crown roots are a major component of rice root system and play a crucial role in maintaining yield under drought. The number of crown roots (NCR) impacts on root biomass and determines the ability of a plant to acquire soil resources. qNCR11, a QTL for NCR located on chromosome 11, was detected in a previous genome-wide association study using a Vietnamese rice panel. qNCR11 was validated to have a slight effect on NCR by QTL mapping using a biparental population in this study. To determine the genes underlying qNCR11 and governing crown root initiation and development, whole genome sequencing and expression study were performed. Two candidate genes, NCR2 (NBS-LRR) and NCR3 (OsbHLH014) were identified. NCR2 carried a non-synonymous SNP inside its ORF, causing a premature stop-codon that correlates with the high NCR trait; NCR3 was less expressed in stem bases of the high NCR haplotype plants relative to the low NCR haplotype plants. Mutations in these genes were obtained using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the phenotyping of the obtained lines is on-going. The minor-effect qNCR11 could be useful for breeders to generate rice varieties with increased or decreased NCR for different target agro-systems, in order to enhance water extraction under drought stress.