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Multiscale Scanning in Higher Dimensions: Limit theory, statistical consequences and an application in STED microscopyKönig, Claudia Juliane 26 June 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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The Power of Signs : How Recommendation Signs Affect Consumer Behavior at SupermarketsMirbashiri, Clara, Möller, Linnea January 2020 (has links)
Background/Problematization: Many purchase decisions are made in-store and one wayof influencing the decision making process is through signs. Signs are said to drawattention to the product on which they are placed and result in increased sales. Sale signsare widely used to influence purchase decisions, but are there other types of signs that canimpact the purchase decision? Recommendations have also shown to affect consumer’spurchase decisions. However, most of the research within the subject have been done on thepower of social influences from friends and family, e.g. strong-tie relationships. Howrecommendations from experts (e.g. weak-tie relationships) can influence purchases is lessresearched, especially which type of recommendation sign have the most effect. Purpose: The purpose is to examine and map how different types of signs on shelvesrelated to staff recommendations for specific products affect their sales. Method: The scientific approach of the study is deductive and the corresponding researchmethod is a quantitative study with an experimental design and a descriptive focus. Anexperiment was executed in a supermarket on 28 products to test stimuli with differentlevels of information concerning staff recommendations with the use of signs. Result/Conclusion: The result showed only one stimuli to have significantly increasedsales. The stimuli consisted of adding a name of a specific staff member to therecommendation sign. The increase in sales might however have been caused by otherfactors than the applied sign as the outbreak of Covid-19 resulted in changed consumerbehavior at the time of the experiment. The results showed that no significant differences insales could be seen according to the number of alternatives each product had. This mighthowever be a result of the tampered data caused by the changed consumer behavior.
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Normalisation C-infini des systèmes complètement intégrables / C- infinity normalization of completely integrable systemsJiang, Kai 28 September 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la linéarisation géométrique locale des systèmes complètement intégrables dans la catégorie C1. Le sujet est la conjecture de linéarisation géométrique proposée (et établie dans le cadre analytique) par Nguyen Tien Zung. Nous commençons par les systèmes linéaires, puis introduisons la normalisation dans la catégorie formelle. Nous montrons qu’un système intégrable peut être décomposé en une partie hyperbolique et une partie elliptique. Nous établissons une bonne forme normale de Poincaré-Dulac pour les champs de vecteurs et discutons sa relation avec la linéarisation géométrique. Nous montrons que les systèmes intégrables faiblement hyperboliques sont géométriquement linéarisables en utilisant les outils de Chaperon. Nous étudions les systèmes intégrables sur les espaces de petite dimension : si celle-ci n’est pas plus grande que 4, alors la plupart des cas sont géométriquement linéarisables ; en particulier, la linéarisation géométrique est possible pour les systèmes intégrables de type de foyer-foyer. Enfin, nous généralisons la démonstration en grande dimension et proposons une condition sur les variétés fortement invariantes, sous laquelle nous linéarisons géométriquement les systèmes. Nous parvenons également à normaliser une action de R × T à plusieurs foyers en nous référant aux idées de Zung. / This thesis is devoted to the local geometric linearization of completely integrable systems in the C1 category. The subject is the geometric linearization conjecture proposed (and proved in the analytic case) by Nguyen Tien Zung. We start from linear systems and introduce normalization in the formal category. Wes how that an integrable system can be decomposed into a hyperbolic part and an elliptic part. We establish a good Poincaré-Dulac normal form for the vector fields and discuss its relation with geometric linearization. We prove that weakly hyperbolic integrable systems are geometrically linearizable byusing Chaperon’s tools. We then study integrable systems on small dimensional spaces: if the dimension is no more than 4, then most cases are geometrically linearizable; in particular,geometric linearization works for integrable system of focus-focus type. Finally, we generalize the proof to high dimensions and propose a condition about strongly invariant manifolds, under which we linearize the systems in the geometric sense. We also manage to normalize an R × T-action of several focuses by referring to the ideas of Zung.
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Reconstruction parcimonieuse de la carte de masse de matière noire par effet de lentille gravitationnelle / Sparse reconstruction of the dark matter mass map from weak gravitational lensingLanusse, Francois 20 November 2015 (has links)
L'effet de lentille gravitationnelle, qui se traduit par une deformation des images nous parvenant de galaxies lointaines, constitue l'une des techniques les plus prometteuse pour répondre aux nombreuses questions portant sur la nature de l'énergie sombre et de la matière noire. Cet effet de lentille étant sensible à la masse totale, il permet de sonder directement la distribution de matière noire, qui resterait autrement invisible. En mesurant la forme d'un grand nombre de galaxies lointaines, il est possible d'estimer statistiquement les déformations causées par l'effet de lentille gravitationnelles puis d'en inférer la distribution de masse à l'origine de ces deformations. La reconstruction de ces cartes de masses constitue un problème inverse qui se trouve être mal posé dans un certain nombre de situations d'interêt, en particulier lors de la reconstruction de la carte de masse aux petites échelles ou en trois dimensions. Dans ces situations, il devient impossible de reconstruire une carte sans l'ajout d'information a priori.Une classe particulière de méthodes, basées sur un a priori de parcimonie, s'est révélé remarquablement efficace pour résoudre des problèmes inverses similaires pour un large champ d'applications tels que la géophysique et l'imagerie médicale. Le but principal de cette these est donc d'adapter ces techniques de régularisation parcimonieuses au problème de la cartographie de la matière noire afin de developper une nouvelle generation de méthodes. Nous développons en particulier de nouveaux algorithmes permettant la reconstruction de carte masses bi-dimensionnelles de haute resolution ainsi que de cartes de masses tri-dimensionnelles. Nous appliquons de plus les mêmes méthodes de régularisation parcimonieuse au problème de la reconstruction du spectre de puissance des fluctuations primordiales de densités à partir de mesures du fond diffus cosmologique, ce qui constitue un problème inverse particulièrement difficile a résoudre. Nous développons un nouvel algorithme pour résoudre ce problème, que nous appliquons aux données du satellite Planck.Enfin, nous investiguons de nouvelles méthodes pour l'analyse de relevés cosmologiques exprimés en coordonnées sphériques. Nous développons une nouvelle transformée en ondelettes pour champs scalaires exprimés sur la boulle 3D et nous comparons différentes méthodes pour l'analyse cosmologique de relevés de galaxies spectroscopiques. / Gravitational lensing, that is the distortion of the images of distant galaxies by intervening massive objects, has been identified as one of the most promising probes to help answer questions relative to the nature of dark matter and dark energy. As the lensing effect is caused by the total matter content, it can directly probe the distribution of the otherwise invisible dark matter. By measuring the shapes of distant galaxies and statistically estimating the deformations caused by gravitational lensing, it is possible to reconstruct the distribution of the intervening mass. This mass-mapping process can be seen as an instance of a linear inverse problem, which can be ill-posed in many situations of interest, especially when mapping the dark matter on small angular scales or in three dimensions. As a result, recovering a meaningful mass-map in these situations is not possible without prior information. In recent years, a class of methods based on a so-called sparse prior has proven remarkably successful at solving similar linear inverse problems in a wide range of fields such as medical imaging or geophysics. The primary goal of this thesis is to apply these sparse regularisation techniques to the gravitational lensing problem in order to build next-generation dark matter mass-mapping tools. We propose in particular new algorithms for the reconstruction of high-resolution 2D mass-maps and 3D mass-maps and demonstrate in both cases the effectiveness of the sparse prior. We also apply the same sparse methodologies to the reconstruction the primordial density fluctuation power spectrum from measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background which constitutes another notoriously difficult inverse problem. We apply the resulting algorithm to reconstruct the primordial power spectrum using data from the Planck satellite. Finally, we investigate new methodologies for the analysis of cosmological surveys in spherical coordinates. We develop a new wavelet transform for the analysis of scalar fields on the 3D ball. We also conduct a comparison of methods for the 3D analysis of spectroscopic galaxy survey.
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Symmetric Homotopy Theory for Operads and Weak Lie 3-AlgebrasDehling, Malte 16 November 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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Majoritetens tyranni, eller? : En kvantitativ analys av effekten av konstitutionella lagprövningssystemBjörk, Emil January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Fisher Inference and Local Average Treatment Effect: A Simulation studyTvaranaviciute, Iveta January 2020 (has links)
This thesis studies inference to the complier treatment effect denoted LATE. The standard approach is to base the inference on the two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator and asymptotic Neyman inference, i.e., the t-test. The paper suggests a Fisher Randomization Test based on the t-test statistic as an alternative to the Neyman inference. Based on the setup with a randomized experiment with noncompliance, for which one can identify the LATE, I compare the two approaches in a Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The results from the MC simulation is that the Fisher randomization test is not a valid alternative to the Neyman’s test as it has too low power.
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Analyse stochastique pour la simulation de particules lagrangiennes : application aux collisions de particules colloïdes / Stochastic analysis for lagrangian particles simulation : application to colloidal particle collisionMaftei, Radu 14 December 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la simulation de particules colloïdales. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons aux particules dans un écoulement turbulent et modélisons leur dynamique par un processus lagrangien, leurs interactions comme des collisions parfaitement élastiques où l'influence de l'écoulement est modélisée par un terme de force sur la composante vitesse du système. En couplant les particules deux par deux et considérant leurs position et vitesse relatives, la collision parfaitement élastique devient une condition de réflexion spéculaire. Nous proposons un schéma de discrétisation en temps pour le système Lagrangien résultant avec des conditions aux bords spéculaires et prouvons que l'erreur faible diminue au plus linéairement dans le pas de discrétisation temporelle. La démonstration s’appuie sur des résultats de régularité de l'EDP Feynman-Kac et requiert une certaine régularité sur le terme de force. Nous expérimentons numériquement certaines conjectures, dont l’erreur faible diminuant linéairement pour des termes de force qui ne respectent pas les conditions du théorème. Nous testons le taux de convergence de l’erreur faible pour l’extrapolation de Romberg. Enfin, nous nous intéressons aux approximations Lagrangiennes/Browniennes en considérant un système Lagrangien où la composante vitesse se comporte comme un processus rapide. Nous contrôlons l'erreur faible entre la composante position du modèle Lagrangien et un processus de diffusion uniformément elliptique. Nous démontrons ensuite un contrôle similaire en introduisant une limite réfléchissante spéculaire sur le système Lagrangien et une réflexion appropriée sur la diffusion elliptique. / This thesis broadly concerns colloidal particle simulation which plays an important role in understanding two-phase flows. More specifically, we track the particles inside a turbulent flow and model their dynamics as a stochastic process, their interactions as perfectly elastic collisions where the influence of the flow is modelled by a drift on the velocity term. By coupling each particle and considering their relative position and velocity, the perfectly elastic collision becomes a specular reflection condition. We put forward a time discretisation scheme for the resulting Lagrange system with specular boundary conditions and prove that the convergence rate of the weak error decreases at most linearly in the time discretisation step. The evidence is based on regularity results of the Feynman-Kac PDE and requires some regularity on the drift. We numerically experiment a series of conjectures, amongst which the weak error linearly decreasing for drifts that do not comply with the theorem conditions. We test the weak error convergence rate for a Richardson Romberg extrapolation. We finally deal with Lagrangian/Brownian approximations by considering a Lagrangian system where the velocity component behaves as a fast process. We control the weak error between the position of the Lagrangian system and an appropriately chosen uniformly elliptic diffusion process and subsequently prove a similar control by introducing a specular reflecting boundary on the Lagrangian and an appropriate reflection on the elliptic diffusion.
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On the convergence of random functions defined by interpolationStarkloff, Hans-Jörg, Richter, Matthias, vom Scheidt, Jürgen, Wunderlich, Ralf 31 August 2004 (has links)
In the paper we study sequences of random functions which are defined by some
interpolation procedures for a given random function. We investigate the problem
in what sense and under which conditions the sequences converge to the prescribed
random function. Sufficient conditions for convergence of moment characteristics, of
finite dimensional distributions and for weak convergence of distributions in spaces
of continuous functions are given. The treatment of such questions is stimulated by
an investigation of Monte Carlo simulation procedures for certain classes of random
functions.
In an appendix basic facts concerning weak convergence of probability measures
in metric spaces are summarized.
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Weak-Equivalence Principle Violation and Mass Change of Charged Matter Due to Vacuum PolarizationTajmar, Martin January 2016 (has links)
Vacuum polarization by electric fields is a well established fact. Assuming that anti-matter has negative gravitational properties, the fluctating electric dipoles from the quantum vacuum may also have gravitational dipolar properties. A model is developed that describes how electric fields could gravitationally polarize the vacuum causing gravitational screening or anti-screening effects. This leads to a violation of the Weak Equivalence Principle or a general mass change most notabily for elementary particles, such as the electron or positron, below but close to measured boundaries. Also a gravitational vacuum torque is predicted to act on a charged capacitor perpendicular to a gravitational field. The predictions could be verified by future laboratory experiments that could contribute on our understanding of the gravitational properties of anti-matter.
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