Neste trabalho foi realizada a avaliação do desempenho do revestimento primário de um trecho experimental de via não pavimentada implantado em Santana do Livramento - RS, Brasil, e a partir dos resultados obtidos, procurou-se estabelecer metodologias e critérios de previsão de desempenho que permitam estimar adequadamente, de maneira prévia, o comportamento esperado da via, quando submetida às ações do tráfego e do clima. A região na qual foi implantado o trecho experimental está inserida dentro da unidade geomorfológica denominada de Depressão Central, numa formação geológica composta de arenito médio a fino, cujo subleito é composto de solo sedimentar arenoso. Duas seções experimentais A e B foram estudadas. A primeira foi composta de uma mistura de dois solos e a segunda composta de uma mistura de solo com agregado natural de arenito. Foram efetuadas medições das deflexões do subleito e da pista pronta com utilização de viga Benkelman. Amostras dos materiais empregados nas misturas e do subleito foram coletadas para a realização de ensaios de laboratório. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização dos materiais (difratometria de raio-X, granulometria, peso específico dos grãos, limites de Atteberg e classificação MCT), ensaios para a avaliação da resistência ao desgaste e durabilidade do agregado de arenito (abrasão Los Angeles, sanidade e alteração de rochas água-estufa), ensaios de compactação, Índice de Suporte Califórnia – ISC, ensaios de cisalhamento direto e triaxiais de carga repetida para a obtenção de módulos de resiliência. Na avaliação do desempenho do trecho experimental foi monitorada a evolução de alguns defeitos típicos de vias não pavimentadas (afundamento de trilha de roda, ondulações, buracos e atoleiros, perda de abaulamento, perda de espessura de revestimento e sulcos de erosão). Os estudos para previsão de desempenho consistiram na aplicação de prescrições e modelos matemáticos e estatísticos encontrados na literatura e na avaliação sobre a correlação e compatibilidade dos mesmos com o desempenho real de campo para o caso. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a seção A apresentou baixíssima durabilidade, não sendo recomendada sua aplicação futura. A seção B apresentou desempenho razoável, sendo que sua eventual aplicação futura deverá ser precedida de uma avaliação prévia de custo-benefício em comparação a outras possíveis alternativas. A utilização de dados de deflexão para cálculos estruturais voltados à previsão de desempenho de vias não pavimentadas pode ser uma alternativa interessante, desde que os mesmos sejam confiáveis e consistentes. A interpretação adequada dos resultados de ensaios de granulometria por peneiramento, de classificação MCT e de alteração de rochas água-estufa se mostrou eficaz na qualificação inicial dos materiais, uma vez que se observou coerência entre os defeitos previstos e aqueles que de fato ocorreram. Os modelos para a previsão estrutural do desempenho da via propostos por Vésic, Heukelon e Klomp e Chevron se mostraram aplicáveis para o caso estudado. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa permitiu estabelecer procedimentos mínimos que conduzirão a um melhor desempenho de revestimento primário em vias de baixo volume de tráfego. / In this work, the evaluation of the wearing course performance of an experimental unpaved road stretch deployed in Santana do Livramento - RS, Brazil was maked, and from results, we tried to establish methodologies and criteria of performance prediction to estimate properly, in advance, the expected behavior of the way, when subjected to the actions of traffic and weather. The region which was implanted the experimental way is inserted into the geomorphological unit called of the Central Depression, in a geological formation composed of medium to fine sandstone, whose subgrade soil is composed of sandy sediment. Two experimental sections A and B were studied. The first was composed of a mixture of two soils and the second composed of a mixture of soil and aggregate natural sandstone. The deflections of the subgrade were measured and the runway ready with use of Benkelman beam. Samples of the materials used in mixtures and the subgrade soil were collected for laboratory testing. Tests of characterization (X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, specific gravity of solids, Atteberg limits and MCT classification), tests for to evaluate the wear resistance and durability of the sandstone aggregate (Los Angeles abrasion , soundness of agregatte and wet/dry cycles), compaction tests, California Bearing Ratio - CBR, direct shear tests and repeated loading triaxial tests for resilients modulus determinations were performed. In the evaluation of the performance of the experimental way was monitored the evolution of some typical distress of unpaved roads (rutting, ripples and corrugatings, potholes and puddles, loss of bulging, loss of wearing course thickness and erosion grooves). Studies for performance prediction consisted in the application of requirements and mathematical and statistical models found in the literature and in the evaluation of the compatibility and correlation of these with actual field performance for this case. The results showed that the section A had very poor durability and is not recommended its future application. Section B showed reasonable performance, and its eventual future application must be preceded by a preliminary assessment of cost-effective compared to other possible alternatives. The use of deflection data for structural calculations aimed at predicting performance of unpaved roads can be an interesting alternative, since that they are reliable and consistent. The proper interpretation of tests results of the particle size distribution by sieving, classification MCT and wet/dry cycles proved effective for the initial qualification of materials, because was observed the consistency between the predicted and actually occurred distress. The models for predicting of the way structural performance proposed by Vesic, Heukelon and Klomp and Chevron proved applicable to the case study. The development of the research allowed to establish minimum procedures that will lead to better performance coating primary of low traffic volume way.

Neste trabalho foi realizada a avaliação do desempenho do revestimento primário de um trecho experimental de via não pavimentada implantado em Santana do Livramento - RS, Brasil, e a partir dos resultados obtidos, procurou-se estabelecer metodologias e critérios de previsão de desempenho que permitam estimar adequadamente, de maneira prévia, o comportamento esperado da via, quando submetida às ações do tráfego e do clima. A região na qual foi implantado o trecho experimental está inserida dentro da unidade geomorfológica denominada de Depressão Central, numa formação geológica composta de arenito médio a fino, cujo subleito é composto de solo sedimentar arenoso. Duas seções experimentais A e B foram estudadas. A primeira foi composta de uma mistura de dois solos e a segunda composta de uma mistura de solo com agregado natural de arenito. Foram efetuadas medições das deflexões do subleito e da pista pronta com utilização de viga Benkelman. Amostras dos materiais empregados nas misturas e do subleito foram coletadas para a realização de ensaios de laboratório. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização dos materiais (difratometria de raio-X, granulometria, peso específico dos grãos, limites de Atteberg e classificação MCT), ensaios para a avaliação da resistência ao desgaste e durabilidade do agregado de arenito (abrasão Los Angeles, sanidade e alteração de rochas água-estufa), ensaios de compactação, Índice de Suporte Califórnia – ISC, ensaios de cisalhamento direto e triaxiais de carga repetida para a obtenção de módulos de resiliência. Na avaliação do desempenho do trecho experimental foi monitorada a evolução de alguns defeitos típicos de vias não pavimentadas (afundamento de trilha de roda, ondulações, buracos e atoleiros, perda de abaulamento, perda de espessura de revestimento e sulcos de erosão). Os estudos para previsão de desempenho consistiram na aplicação de prescrições e modelos matemáticos e estatísticos encontrados na literatura e na avaliação sobre a correlação e compatibilidade dos mesmos com o desempenho real de campo para o caso. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a seção A apresentou baixíssima durabilidade, não sendo recomendada sua aplicação futura. A seção B apresentou desempenho razoável, sendo que sua eventual aplicação futura deverá ser precedida de uma avaliação prévia de custo-benefício em comparação a outras possíveis alternativas. A utilização de dados de deflexão para cálculos estruturais voltados à previsão de desempenho de vias não pavimentadas pode ser uma alternativa interessante, desde que os mesmos sejam confiáveis e consistentes. A interpretação adequada dos resultados de ensaios de granulometria por peneiramento, de classificação MCT e de alteração de rochas água-estufa se mostrou eficaz na qualificação inicial dos materiais, uma vez que se observou coerência entre os defeitos previstos e aqueles que de fato ocorreram. Os modelos para a previsão estrutural do desempenho da via propostos por Vésic, Heukelon e Klomp e Chevron se mostraram aplicáveis para o caso estudado. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa permitiu estabelecer procedimentos mínimos que conduzirão a um melhor desempenho de revestimento primário em vias de baixo volume de tráfego. / In this work, the evaluation of the wearing course performance of an experimental unpaved road stretch deployed in Santana do Livramento - RS, Brazil was maked, and from results, we tried to establish methodologies and criteria of performance prediction to estimate properly, in advance, the expected behavior of the way, when subjected to the actions of traffic and weather. The region which was implanted the experimental way is inserted into the geomorphological unit called of the Central Depression, in a geological formation composed of medium to fine sandstone, whose subgrade soil is composed of sandy sediment. Two experimental sections A and B were studied. The first was composed of a mixture of two soils and the second composed of a mixture of soil and aggregate natural sandstone. The deflections of the subgrade were measured and the runway ready with use of Benkelman beam. Samples of the materials used in mixtures and the subgrade soil were collected for laboratory testing. Tests of characterization (X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, specific gravity of solids, Atteberg limits and MCT classification), tests for to evaluate the wear resistance and durability of the sandstone aggregate (Los Angeles abrasion , soundness of agregatte and wet/dry cycles), compaction tests, California Bearing Ratio - CBR, direct shear tests and repeated loading triaxial tests for resilients modulus determinations were performed. In the evaluation of the performance of the experimental way was monitored the evolution of some typical distress of unpaved roads (rutting, ripples and corrugatings, potholes and puddles, loss of bulging, loss of wearing course thickness and erosion grooves). Studies for performance prediction consisted in the application of requirements and mathematical and statistical models found in the literature and in the evaluation of the compatibility and correlation of these with actual field performance for this case. The results showed that the section A had very poor durability and is not recommended its future application. Section B showed reasonable performance, and its eventual future application must be preceded by a preliminary assessment of cost-effective compared to other possible alternatives. The use of deflection data for structural calculations aimed at predicting performance of unpaved roads can be an interesting alternative, since that they are reliable and consistent. The proper interpretation of tests results of the particle size distribution by sieving, classification MCT and wet/dry cycles proved effective for the initial qualification of materials, because was observed the consistency between the predicted and actually occurred distress. The models for predicting of the way structural performance proposed by Vesic, Heukelon and Klomp and Chevron proved applicable to the case study. The development of the research allowed to establish minimum procedures that will lead to better performance coating primary of low traffic volume way.

Neste trabalho foi realizada a avaliação do desempenho do revestimento primário de um trecho experimental de via não pavimentada implantado em Santana do Livramento - RS, Brasil, e a partir dos resultados obtidos, procurou-se estabelecer metodologias e critérios de previsão de desempenho que permitam estimar adequadamente, de maneira prévia, o comportamento esperado da via, quando submetida às ações do tráfego e do clima. A região na qual foi implantado o trecho experimental está inserida dentro da unidade geomorfológica denominada de Depressão Central, numa formação geológica composta de arenito médio a fino, cujo subleito é composto de solo sedimentar arenoso. Duas seções experimentais A e B foram estudadas. A primeira foi composta de uma mistura de dois solos e a segunda composta de uma mistura de solo com agregado natural de arenito. Foram efetuadas medições das deflexões do subleito e da pista pronta com utilização de viga Benkelman. Amostras dos materiais empregados nas misturas e do subleito foram coletadas para a realização de ensaios de laboratório. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização dos materiais (difratometria de raio-X, granulometria, peso específico dos grãos, limites de Atteberg e classificação MCT), ensaios para a avaliação da resistência ao desgaste e durabilidade do agregado de arenito (abrasão Los Angeles, sanidade e alteração de rochas água-estufa), ensaios de compactação, Índice de Suporte Califórnia – ISC, ensaios de cisalhamento direto e triaxiais de carga repetida para a obtenção de módulos de resiliência. Na avaliação do desempenho do trecho experimental foi monitorada a evolução de alguns defeitos típicos de vias não pavimentadas (afundamento de trilha de roda, ondulações, buracos e atoleiros, perda de abaulamento, perda de espessura de revestimento e sulcos de erosão). Os estudos para previsão de desempenho consistiram na aplicação de prescrições e modelos matemáticos e estatísticos encontrados na literatura e na avaliação sobre a correlação e compatibilidade dos mesmos com o desempenho real de campo para o caso. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a seção A apresentou baixíssima durabilidade, não sendo recomendada sua aplicação futura. A seção B apresentou desempenho razoável, sendo que sua eventual aplicação futura deverá ser precedida de uma avaliação prévia de custo-benefício em comparação a outras possíveis alternativas. A utilização de dados de deflexão para cálculos estruturais voltados à previsão de desempenho de vias não pavimentadas pode ser uma alternativa interessante, desde que os mesmos sejam confiáveis e consistentes. A interpretação adequada dos resultados de ensaios de granulometria por peneiramento, de classificação MCT e de alteração de rochas água-estufa se mostrou eficaz na qualificação inicial dos materiais, uma vez que se observou coerência entre os defeitos previstos e aqueles que de fato ocorreram. Os modelos para a previsão estrutural do desempenho da via propostos por Vésic, Heukelon e Klomp e Chevron se mostraram aplicáveis para o caso estudado. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa permitiu estabelecer procedimentos mínimos que conduzirão a um melhor desempenho de revestimento primário em vias de baixo volume de tráfego. / In this work, the evaluation of the wearing course performance of an experimental unpaved road stretch deployed in Santana do Livramento - RS, Brazil was maked, and from results, we tried to establish methodologies and criteria of performance prediction to estimate properly, in advance, the expected behavior of the way, when subjected to the actions of traffic and weather. The region which was implanted the experimental way is inserted into the geomorphological unit called of the Central Depression, in a geological formation composed of medium to fine sandstone, whose subgrade soil is composed of sandy sediment. Two experimental sections A and B were studied. The first was composed of a mixture of two soils and the second composed of a mixture of soil and aggregate natural sandstone. The deflections of the subgrade were measured and the runway ready with use of Benkelman beam. Samples of the materials used in mixtures and the subgrade soil were collected for laboratory testing. Tests of characterization (X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, specific gravity of solids, Atteberg limits and MCT classification), tests for to evaluate the wear resistance and durability of the sandstone aggregate (Los Angeles abrasion , soundness of agregatte and wet/dry cycles), compaction tests, California Bearing Ratio - CBR, direct shear tests and repeated loading triaxial tests for resilients modulus determinations were performed. In the evaluation of the performance of the experimental way was monitored the evolution of some typical distress of unpaved roads (rutting, ripples and corrugatings, potholes and puddles, loss of bulging, loss of wearing course thickness and erosion grooves). Studies for performance prediction consisted in the application of requirements and mathematical and statistical models found in the literature and in the evaluation of the compatibility and correlation of these with actual field performance for this case. The results showed that the section A had very poor durability and is not recommended its future application. Section B showed reasonable performance, and its eventual future application must be preceded by a preliminary assessment of cost-effective compared to other possible alternatives. The use of deflection data for structural calculations aimed at predicting performance of unpaved roads can be an interesting alternative, since that they are reliable and consistent. The proper interpretation of tests results of the particle size distribution by sieving, classification MCT and wet/dry cycles proved effective for the initial qualification of materials, because was observed the consistency between the predicted and actually occurred distress. The models for predicting of the way structural performance proposed by Vesic, Heukelon and Klomp and Chevron proved applicable to the case study. The development of the research allowed to establish minimum procedures that will lead to better performance coating primary of low traffic volume way.

Unpaved mine haul roads provide the principal means of material transport on surface strip coal mines. With the expansion of surface mining in South Africa and in particular coal strip mining, the use of ultra-heavy off-highway trucks, currently capable of hauling payloads in excess of 160t, has become commonplace. Design and management of these roads was based primarily on local experience and adopted empirical guidelines. This design method served its purpose in an era when off-highway trucks were lighter and less financial outlay was required, both in terms of initial pavement construction costs, ongoing road maintenance costs and vehicle maintenance costs. As the trend in increasing truck size continues, these current pavement design and management systems proved inadequate. Not only would the maintenance costs of existing roads increase, vehicle operating and maintenance costs would also increase prohibitively. The primary objective of this research was the development of a portable and practical total haul road design and management methodology that encompasses both pavement strength, wearing course functionality and road maintenance management components. The structural design concerns the ability of a haul road to carry the imposed loads without the need for excessive maintenance. A revised mechanistically derived structural design is presented together with the associated limiting design criteria and recommended target effective elastic modulus values for the construction materials available. The placement of those materials as pavement layers, such as to optimise their performance both as individual layers and over the entire structure is analysed. Functional design aspects refer to the ability of the haul road to perform its function, i.e to provide an economic, safe and vehicle friendly ride. This is dictated to a large degree through the choice, application and maintenance of wearing course materials. The development and analysis of suitable material selection guidelines for use in haul road functional design was allied to the development of a qualitative defect assessment and ranking methodology in order to assess the utility of established performance related selection guidelines and as a basis for revised functional performance parameter specification. A revised range of parameters was derived based on road-user acceptability criteria. By "analysing the trends evident in the individual defect rankings, the predictive capability of the specification was enhanced by depicting the typical functional defects arising when departures are made from the recommended material property limits. Maintenance design concerns the optimal frequency of wearing course maintenance commensurate with minimum vehicle operating and road maintenance costs. A qualitative road roughness evaluation technique was developed as a precursor to the development of a model for roughness progression. Expressions were developed to enable direct comparison to be made between the qualitative roughness defect score and International Roughness Index (IRI). The second element of a maintenance management system was based on models of the variation of vehicle operating and road maintenance costs with a road roughness model. The combination of these models enabled the optimal maintenance strategy to be sought based on the minimisation of these costs. Sub-optimal maintenance strategies were seen to be associated with unwarranted expenditure on total road-user costs. This thesis makes a contribution to the state of knowledge through the development and synthesis of structural, functional and maintenance management aspects of haul road design. The adoption of these revised and improved haul road design methodologies are associated with potentially significant cost savings and operational improvements. AFRIKAANS: Ongeplaveide mynvervoerpaaie voorsien die primêre vervoer metode van materiaal in steenkoolstrookdagmyne. Met die uitbreiding van dagmynbou in Suid-Afrika en in besonder in die steenkoolstrookmynbou, het die gebruik van swaar vervoertrokke alledaags geword. Ontwerp en bestuur van hierdie paaie was hoofsaaldik gebaseer op plaaslike ondervinding en empiriese riglyne. Hierdie ontwerp metode het sy doel gedien in 'n tydperk waarin die trokke ligter en 'n kleiner finansiele uitleg nodig was, beide in tenne van inisiele plaveisel konstruksie kostes en voortdurende padonderhoudskostes en voertuig instanthoudingkostes. Soos wat die tendens van toename in trokgrootte voortduur, sal die huidige plaveisel ontwerp en bestuursstelsels onvoldoende wees. Nie aIleen sal die ondershoudskostes van bestaande paaie verhoog nie, maar voertuigbedryf en -instandhoudingkostes sal buitensporig word. Die primêre doel van die navorsing was die ontwikkeling van 'n oordraagbare en praktiese totale vervoerpadontwerp en bestuursmetodiek wat die plaveiselsterkte, slytlaag funksionele werkverrigting en padonderhoudbestuur komponente insluit. Die strukturele ontwerp behels die vermoe van 'n vervoerpad om die toegepaste las te kan dra sonder die noodsaaklikheid van buitensporige onderhoud. 'n Hersiene meganisties strukturele ontwerp word aangebied tesame met die geassosieerde ontwerpkriterium en aanbevole effektiewe elastisiteitsmoduluswaardes vir die beskikbare konstruksie materiaa1. Die plasing van daardie materiale as plaveisellae, om sodanig hulle werkverrigting te optimeer is, as beide individuele lae en oor die hele struktuur, geanaliseer. verrig, naamlik om 'n ekonomiese, veilige en voertuigvriendelike rit te voorsien. Die ontwikkeling en analise van geskikte materiaal seleksie is gekoppel aan die ontwikkeling van 'n kwalitatiewe defek waardebepaling en ranglys metodiek om die bruikbaarheid van vasgestelde prestasie-verwante seleksie riglyne te kan bepaal en as basis vir hersiene funksionele prestasie parameter spesiftkasies. 'n Hersiene reeks parameters is afgelei, gebaseer op padverbruiker aanvaarbaarheids kriterium. Deur analise van die tendens in die individuele defek ranglys, is die voorspelbaarheids vennoe van die spesifIkasies verhoog deur die uitwysing van tipiese funksionele defekte wat voorkom wanneer afgewyk word van aanbevole materiaal parameter beperkings. Die onderhoud aspek van vervoerpad ontwerp kan nie afsonderlik van die strukturele en funksionele ontwerp aspekte oorweeg word nie. Onderhoudontwerp behels die optimale frekwensie van slytlaag onderhoud eweredig aan die minimum. voertuigbedryf en padonderhoudskostes. 'n Kwalitatiewe pad ongelykheid evaluasie tegniek is ontwikkel as 'n voorloper tot die ontwikkeling van 'n ongelykheid progressie model. Uitdrukkings is ontwikkel om direkte vergelyking tussen ongelykheid defektelling en Internasionale ongelykbeids indeks (IRI) moontlik te maak. Die tweede element van 'n onderhouds bestuurstelsel is gebaseer op modele van die variasie van die voertuigbedryf en instandhoudingkoste en padongelykbeid. Die kombinasie van hierdie modelle stel die verbruiker in staat om die optimale onderhoudstrategie te soek. 'n Sub-optimale padonderhouds strategie was geassosieer met buitensporige besteding op totale padverbruikers koste. Hierdie proefskrif lewer 'n bydrae tot die staat van kennis deur die ontwikkeling en samevoeging van die strukturele, funksionele en onderhoud bestuurs aspekte van mynvervoerpadontwerp. Die ingebruikneming van die hersiene en verbeterde vervaerpad antwerp en bestuur metodiek het die potensiaal am beduidende koste besparings te verwesenlik. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Civil Engineering / unrestricted

This dissertation studies one of the newest tools in environmental policy in the developing world context - that of voluntary environmental programmes (VEPs). Developed and promoted in the past few decades by policy practitioners looking to regulate environmental pollution without saddling enterprises and governments with high regulatory costs, VEPs remain vastly under-studied, especially when compared with market instruments and the long-standing command and control approach. Fundamental questions such as who the likely participants are, why firms would voluntarily take on added costs of environmental improvement, and whether any financial and environmental benefits arise from participation remain largely unanswered. This gap in the literature is particularly severe for the case of developing countries. While VEPs in general and ISO 14001 in particular have rapidly increased across the developing world, the understanding of their implications in the academic literature trail far behind. This dissertation aims to fill some of this gap in the existing literature by using unique firm level data and applying rigorous empirical micro-econometric methods to analyse the adoption of the ISO 14001 international voluntary scheme in Thailand. The study focuses on three core manufacturing industries - food and beverages, textiles and wearing apparel, and electronics and electrical appliances, chosen to represent three main types of manufacturing activities in the country. The study finds that both macroeconomic and industry-specific factors influence firms' participation in the ISO 14001 scheme. It also finds that the degrees of environmental impact from programme adoption vary by industry, and that although participation in the programme requires non-trivial commitments of the firm's resources, participating firms are not placed at a financial disadvantage when compared with non-adopting firms.

The diploma thesis is focused on solution of technology optimization of steam turbine rotor blades machining. Main goal is to evaluate machining cost accord-ing to change of tools feedrate speed and proposed production technology. During experimental production was monitored the tool wearing VBB of roughing and finishing mill cutter depending on machining time tA. Further, there was evaluated new technology time saving – two piece production and material consumption. The results of experiment are material cost saving and noticeable time reduction for machining of rotor blade, mainly reduction of non-machine working time.

No description available.

The diploma thesis deals with the problems of pavement surface skid resistence of wearing course of asphalt mixtures with R-material. Specifically, it is a mixture of type ACO 11 (asphalt concrete for wearing layers). In the theoretical part of the thesis there are dismantled the problems of Antiskid properties of the road surface and recycling of R-material. The practical part is dedicated to the design and laboratory production of the asphalt mixture ACO 11 without admixture of R-material and with content of 38 % R-material. In addition, the results of the measurement of friction coefficient after smoothed for these bitumen mixtures are shown in the work. The aim of the thesis was to determine the influence of the increased content of R-material on the anti-skid properties of the road surface as it is planned to update the standard ČSN EN 13108-1, which will allow the use of up to 40 % R-material into the mixtures of type ACO 11.

Dans cette thèse, insérée dans la cadre de la sociologie de la connaissance, nous nous intéressons à étudier les discours circulant en France sur un comportement vestimentaire, le port du voile. Notre approche porte sur des discours : le premier celui des acteurs sociaux concernés par ce comportement vestimentaire, des jeunes femmes concernées par le port du voile. Le deuxième discours est celui de la presse écrite. Notre travail se base, essentiellement, sur la théorie de Boltanski, pour l'analyse des entretiens, et sur celle d'Habermas, pour l'analyse des discours de la presse écrite. Le traitement de la question de notre recherche, le port du voile, nous a cheminé à interroger la littérature sur la sociologie de journalisme et à établir un rapport articulant les communications journalistiques avec les thématiques théoriques concernant « l'espace public » en retraçant la surmédiatisation et la politisation liées à ce sujet. Nous nous sommes également intéressée à la question du port du voile en tant que pratique vestimentaire et pour la comprendre nous avons donné la parole, à travers des entretiens individuels, aux acteurs de cette pratique.Ce travail a été effectué dans une perspective multi-méthodologique : nous avons à la fois effectué deux types d'analyse : une première analyse discursive, qui nous a permis d'illustrer les procédures journalistiques utilisées dans le traitement da la question du port du voile dans notre corpus de la presse écrite (Le Figaro, Le Monde, Libération et L'Express). Et une deuxième analyse thématique qui nous a conduite à saisir les sentiments, le « vécu » et la « volonté » de personnes qui ont décidé ou qui désirent porter le voile. / In this thesis which would be classified under the sociology of consciousness we focus on the study of the common mainline discourse regarding the Muslim women dress behavior of the veil. Our methodology is based on the speech discourse analysis of : firstly the speech discourse of the socials actors directly involved in this behavior; i.e. the young girls concerned with wearing the veil, most of which already do, or would like to wear it. The secondly is the speech and language used by the printed press in regards to this issue. Our work is primarily based on Boltanski's theory of the interviews analyzing, and on Habermas's work on the speech analyzing of the press.The studying of our research, the veil, walked us to examine the literature on the sociology of journalism and to link between the journalistic communication and those theoretical subjects concerned with the “public space” by tracing the media hype and the politicizing connected with this issue. We also addressed the veil wearing as a customs and dress-code issue. Therefore, and to better understand it, we gave the stage to those directly involved with this practice through individual interviews.This work was carried out in a multi-methodological perspective; whereby we made two types of analysis : The first is a discursive analysis, which allowed us to illustrate the journalistic procedures used in dealing with the issue of the veil amongst a sample of press outlets we choose (Le Figaro, Le Monde, Libération and L'Express). The second is an objective analysis that led us to understand the feelings, the "coexistence" and the "will" of those individuals who have decided or who want "to wear the veil."

Disertacijos tikslas – parengti magistralinių automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės dangos eksploatacinių rodiklių prognozės matematinius modelius, atsižvelgiant į tampriosios dangos konstrukcijos savybes ir transporto priemonių (TP) eismo intensyvumą (EI). Darbe iškelti šie svarbiausieji uždaviniai: išanalizuoti automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės (AB) dangos eksploatacinius rodiklius lemiančius svarbiausius veiksnius ir atskleisti šių rodiklių blogėjimo priežastis; atlikti magistralinių kelių dangos konstrukcijų (KDK) sluoksniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių tyrimus; nustatyti AB dangos komponentinės sudėties, fizinių bei mechaninių rodiklių ir AB mišiniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; ištirti AB dangos lygumo ir provėžų gylio kitėjimo dėsningumus; nustatyti AB dangos, kitų (KDK) sluoksnių medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; parinkti dvi racionalias magistralinių kelių tampriosios dangos konstrukcijas (skirtingam TP eismui). Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir priedai. Įvade aptarta tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė vertė ir ginamieji teiginiai. Pirmajame skyriuje išnagrinėti įvairių šalių mokslininkų atlikti automobilių kelių asfaltinės dangos bei jos konstrukcijos eksploatacinių rodiklių ir jų funkcionavimo trukmės tyrimai. Antrajame... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the dissertation is based on the properties of flexible road pavement structures to develop a mathematical models for predicting the performance of wearing courses used in the pavements of the main roads. The main tasks of the dissertation are as follows: to analyze the main factors influencing the service indices of asphalt concrete pavements and to determine their reasons; to investigate the quality of materials and mixtures used in pavement structural layers of the main roads; to determine the interaction between asphalt concrete pavement composition and the quality indices of mixture materials; to study regularities of the change in pavement roughness and rut depth; to determine the interaction between the quality indices of materials used in pavement structural layers; to select two rational flexible pavement structures for the main roads (for the different traffic volume). The dissertation consists of introduction, four chapters, general conclusions, the list of references and the list of author’s publications on the topic of the dissertation, addenda. Introduction describes the studied problem, topicality of the problem, the object of research, also the aim and tasks, research methodology, scientific novelty, practical value of the results and the defended propositions. Chapter 1 gives the analysis of scientific researches made by different countries in the field of the performance of asphalt concrete pavements and their structures, duration of their... [to full text]