Under de senaste åren har tillverkningsprocessen av betong genomgått en förändring föratt göra materialet och processer mer miljövänliga. Detta är en följd av att betong räknasvara ett av de viktigaste byggnadsmaterialen i världen. En viktig anledning till denomfattande användningen av betong är att betong som material är fuktbeständigt, att detinte möglar och att det är väldigt formbart.Förenta nationerna nämner 17 globala mål vars uppgift är att främja hållbarhet i framtidendär mål nio anger ”Bygga upp en motståndskraftig infrastruktur, verka för eninkluderande och hållbar industrialisering och främja innovation”. Detta faktum måstenaturligtvis tas hänsyn till även vid tillverkningen av betong och dess beståndsdelar.Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att med hjälp av ett stort antal mätpunkter visa påolika styrkor och svagheter inom tre olika typer av prognostiserande beräkningsverktygav torkningstider. Målet med arbetet är att jämföra statistik av praktiska mätningar,utfärdade av Conservator AB, med varandra och med de tre vanligasteberäkningsprogrammen som används för att beräkna uttorkningstider av betong.I de undersökta byggdelarna i arbetet gav TorkaS den högsta noggrannheten och sedanföljt väldigt nära av PPB. Utöver detta uppfyller de förväntningar som borde kunna ställaspå prognostisering av uttorkningstid för betong. Studien har också visat attuttorkningstiden för betong i nyproduktion påverkas mest av uttorkningsklimatet och tjockleken på avjämningsmassan. / In the recent years, the manufacturing of concrete has undergone a change to make theprocesses and the material more environmentally friendly. This is accompanied by thefact that concrete is one of the most important building materials in the world. This islargely because concrete as a material is moisture resistant, does not mold and is highlyformable.The United Nations mentions 17 global goals whose mission is to promote sustainabilityin the future whereas the ninth one states that “Build resilient infrastructure, promoteinclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”. This leads to the factthat it needs to take in consideration the manufacturing of concrete and its components.The purpose of this research is to show strengths and weaknesses in prediction tools forconcretes drying time by comparison with data from many measuring points. Besidesthat, the aim is to compare statistics of practical measurements, which were issued byConservator AB, with each other and with other three most commonly used programs inforecasting the drying time for concrete, i.e. TorkaS, BI-Dry and PPB.From the building sections that were researched, TorkaS gave the highest accuracy inforecasting the drying time and then followed very closely by PPB. In addition, BI-Drydid not meet the expected requirements on some of the building sections. Besides that, thestudy has shown that the drying time of concrete in new production is most influenced bythe drying climate and the thickness of the compound.

The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a species of conservation concern that has undergone serious declines in the last century. The Strawberry Valley sage grouse population in Utah underwent such a decline from an estimated 3,500 sage grouse in the 1930s to 150 sage grouse in the early 2000s. This decline initiated a long-term conservation and monitoring project in Strawberry Valley with the goal of preserving the sage grouse population. As part of this ongoing conservation project, we investigated factors that impact the success of capturing sage grouse using the night-lighting method (Chapter 1). We found that capture success is influenced by precipitation, frost, vegetation, flock size, capture crew size, mode of transportation, and sex of the sage grouse. We provide information on these influential factors as well as recommendations on equipment and technique. We also compiled a dataset beginning in the 1930s of sage grouse clutch sizes from the Strawberry Valley population to determine the average number of eggs per clutch (Chapter 2). We investigated average clutch size over time, factors that influence average clutch size, and the accuracy and reliability of our clutch size counts. We found yearly variation in average clutch size that shows a weak, positive correlation with population size. Clutch sizes were smaller if laid as a re-nest or by sage grouse recently translocated from a different population. We found evidence that some of our clutch size counts are approximately two eggs fewer than the actual number laid by the sage grouse.

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the lowest layer of the atmosphere where surface effects are felt on time scales of about an hour. While its properties are determined by the surface characteristics, season and synoptic conditions, they in turn determine convective cloud properties and are required for the representation of cloud processes in atmospheric models. Further, interaction of the ABL with the surface layer of the ocean is a key component of ocean-atmosphere coupling. ABL characteristics over ocean surrounding the sub-continent become very important for understanding the monsoon processes during the monsoon season because the roots of many monsoon systems, that give rain to India, are over there. In this thesis data used are from three major field experiments namely the Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX, 1999), Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX, in two phases, ARMEX-I during 2002 and ARMEX-II in 2003), and Continental Tropical Convergence Zone (CTCZ) experiment (Pilot in 2009) which were carried out under the Indian Climate Research Programme (ICRP). While there have been few studies on ABL characteristics for individual cruises, a comprehensive study considering all available radiosonde data from the above cruises has been missing. This study fills this gap and focuses on the vertical structure of ABL using more than 400 high resolution Vaisala GPS radiosonde data collected over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. The study attempts at first to look at the ABL characteristics of individual cruises and then compare and contrast them over the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. ABL height Hm, estimated by using virtual potential temperature (θv) profile, shows diurnal variation during weak phase of convection while maximum in early morning during active phase of convection. Different variables i.e. moist static energy (h), specific humidity (q), convective available potential energy (CAPE), virtual potential temperature (θv) and equivalent potential temperature (θe) also differ during weak and active convection periods. Conserved variables mixing line approach gives the height up to which ground thermals penetrate in the vertical. This height, denoted by MH that represents the actual ABL height, is 2-3 times larger than Hm when shallow convective clouds are present. In general both Hm and MH are 20-30% larger over Arabian Sea compares to that over Bay of Bengal. Comparison of surface convective available potential energy (CAPE) and equivalent potential temperature (θe) between normal and deficit monsoon years shows that convective instability was as large in deficit years. This means that dynamic and not thermodynamics, controlled the occurrence of convection.

Titel: “Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.” Författare: Malin Nyberg Institution: Fakultetsnämnden för ekonomi och design, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU Kurs: Turismvetenskap III – Examensarbete, 15 hp. Handledare: Martin Gren, (Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för ekonomi och design, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU) Examinator: Stefan Gössling, (Linnéuniversitetet, Fakultetsnämnden för ekonomi och design, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU) Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka på vilket sätt och varför Öland som turistdestination är sårbar inför vädervariationer ur turismaktörernas perspektiv. Studien avser även att belysa på vilket sätt marknadsföring av Öland och medias rapportering om destinationens väderförhållanden är bidragande krafter till väderkänsligheten. Metodik: I undersökningen har en kvalitativ fallstudie använts som forskningsmetod med en induktiv ansats. Informationsinsamling har skett via semi-strukturerade intervjuer med respondenter från fyra turismverksamheter på Öland. Urvalet av fallstudieområde och respondenter har skett genom ett bekvämlighetsurval med hänsyn till access och karaktär av forskningsområdet. Slutsats: De viktigaste betydelserna av forskningsresultatet har bland annat visat att brist på alternativa turismprodukter innebär en stor sårbarhet för turismaktörernas verksamheter vid ogynnsamma väderförhållanden för de huvudsakliga aktiviteterna Forskningsresultaten har även påvisat att fokus på specifika väderattribut i marknadsföringen av destinationen medverkar till destinationens sårbarhet tillsammans med förväntningar om specifika väderförhållanden bland besökare. / Title: “Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.” Author: Malin Nyberg Institution: School of Business and Economics Course: Tourism Studies III – Bachelors Thesis, 15 credits Supervisor: Martin Gren, (Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics, ELNU) Examiner: Stefan Gössling, (Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics, ELNU) Purpose: The study aims to examine how and why Öland as a tourist destination is vulnerable to weather variations from tourism operators’ perspective. The study also aims to shed light on how the marketing of Öland and media coverage of the weather conditions of the destination are contributing forces to weather sensitivity. Methodology: The study was conducted with a qualitative case study research method together with an inductive approach. Information has been collected through semi-structured interviews with respondents from four tourism businesses on Öland. The selection of the case study area and respondents have been through a convenience sample with respect to access and the nature of the research. Conclusion: The most important findings of the research results has shown that the lack of alternative tourism products is a major vulnerability for tourism operators in adverse weather conditions for the main activities. Research results have also shown that the focus of the marketing of the destination on specific weather attributes contributing to the destination vulnerability together with expectations on specific weather conditions among visitors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoPS_DISSERT.pdf: 1141491 bytes, checksum: daa95022c775bd52ef89015fbc679f4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The spacing and planting date are factors that can influence the yield of lettuce. Aiming to evaluate the production of American lettuce in relation to spacing and planting season were conducted four experiments in the garden of Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido (UFERSA), campus de Mossoró-RN. Each experiment was carried out in the field at a season of planting: 12/23/2014 (summer), 03/25/2015 (autumn), 06/22/2015 (winter) and 09/23/2015 (spring). The characteristics evaluated were height and plant diameter (cm), number of leaves (plant-1), fresh and dry weight of plants (g plant-1), and productivity (t ha-1). The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial 2 x 4 with two lettuce cultivars (Angelina and Amelia) and four planting spacings (15 x 15 cm, 20 x 20 cm, 25 x 25 cm and 30 x 30 cm) and three replicates. Increased planting density resulted in higher productivity, although with lower average mass of plants. The winter and summer crops were best suited for the cultivars, providing the highest productivity / O espaçamento e a época de plantio são fatores que podem influenciar no rendimento da alface. Assim, com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de alface americana em função do espaçamento e épocas de plantio, foram desenvolvidos quatro experimentos na Horta do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido (UFERSA), campus de Mossoró-RN. Cada experimento foi instalado em campo em uma época de plantio: 23/12/2014 (verão), 25/03/2015 (outono), 22/06/2015 (inverno) e 23/09/2015 (primavera). As características avaliadas foram altura (cm) e diâmetro de plantas (cm), número de folhas (planta-1), massa fresca e seca de plantas (g planta-1), e produtividade (t ha-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com duas cultivares de alface: (Angelina e Amélia) e quatro espaçamentos de plantio ( 15 x 15 cm, 20 x 20 cm, 25 x 25 cm e 30 x 30 cm), com três repetições. O aumento da densidade de plantio resultou em maior produtividade, embora com menor massa média de plantas. Os cultivos de inverno e verão foram os mais adequados para as cultivares, proporcionando as maiores produtividades

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoPS_DISSERT.pdf: 1141491 bytes, checksum: daa95022c775bd52ef89015fbc679f4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The spacing and planting date are factors that can influence the yield of lettuce. Aiming to evaluate the production of American lettuce in relation to spacing and planting season were conducted four experiments in the garden of Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido (UFERSA), campus de Mossoró-RN. Each experiment was carried out in the field at a season of planting: 12/23/2014 (summer), 03/25/2015 (autumn), 06/22/2015 (winter) and 09/23/2015 (spring). The characteristics evaluated were height and plant diameter (cm), number of leaves (plant-1), fresh and dry weight of plants (g plant-1), and productivity (t ha-1). The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial 2 x 4 with two lettuce cultivars (Angelina and Amelia) and four planting spacings (15 x 15 cm, 20 x 20 cm, 25 x 25 cm and 30 x 30 cm) and three replicates. Increased planting density resulted in higher productivity, although with lower average mass of plants. The winter and summer crops were best suited for the cultivars, providing the highest productivity / O espaçamento e a época de plantio são fatores que podem influenciar no rendimento da alface. Assim, com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de alface americana em função do espaçamento e épocas de plantio, foram desenvolvidos quatro experimentos na Horta do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido (UFERSA), campus de Mossoró-RN. Cada experimento foi instalado em campo em uma época de plantio: 23/12/2014 (verão), 25/03/2015 (outono), 22/06/2015 (inverno) e 23/09/2015 (primavera). As características avaliadas foram altura (cm) e diâmetro de plantas (cm), número de folhas (planta-1), massa fresca e seca de plantas (g planta-1), e produtividade (t ha-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com duas cultivares de alface: (Angelina e Amélia) e quatro espaçamentos de plantio ( 15 x 15 cm, 20 x 20 cm, 25 x 25 cm e 30 x 30 cm), com três repetições. O aumento da densidade de plantio resultou em maior produtividade, embora com menor massa média de plantas. Os cultivos de inverno e verão foram os mais adequados para as cultivares, proporcionando as maiores produtividades

As all materials used for exterior construction, cement-bonded particleboards also subject to climatic effects, such as frost, chemicals (eg. sulphates) or UV rays. Degradation of theese effects is slightly increased by organic base. Increased susceptibility can be eliminated by a effective coating, which reduces direct contact with aggresive influences on the board and provides longer durability. Theoratical part of this thesis analyzes different types of negatice influences and their effect on durability. Practical part contains selection of specific types of coating and assessment of their mechanical and aesthetic properties including spectrophotometric analysis of color change for each degradation effect.

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Abstract The focus of the thesis is researching how to optimize a certain route, highlighting theimportance of weather conditions in the context of optimizing truck routes. Additionally, itemphasizes the goals of maximizing human utilization and cost-effectiveness. The project teamconducted a survey on fuel habits, and the results showed that the participating companies lackeda defined strategy for the company's fuel habits or a specific approach for selecting fuelingcompanies. The project team developed an algorithm that assists drivers in selecting the mostoptimized routes while enabling companies to calculate these routes efficiently. Data wascollected on the fuel consumption associated with the loading and unloading of goods. The totalroute cost is calculated using a custom equation that includes the driver´s salary, the employer´ssocial security contribution, the cost of the truck when loading and unloading, and the wear onthe truck. The company naturally expects to generate a profit, and such profit margins may differamong companies. Therefore, the project team excluded this factor from the equation todetermine the route's cost. The findings showed that varying weather conditions did impactconsumption, thereby influencing the final cost. The algorithm that the project team made is asignificant milestone toward the completion of the final product. However, there are still a fewremaining steps to be taken in order to achieve the desired end result and future development.

The following thesis project has been done in direct collaboration with Autokaross i Floby AB Rescue Vehicle Department, in Sweden.  The report contains the design development of a protective cover against weather conditions for the extendable ladder in a fire vehicle.   The aim of the report has been to develop a functional and low cost solution cover for the FEL on a fire truck, which is allocated on the roof, with the express intention of providing adequate access and protection against weather conditions in Nordic countries, so as to prevent premature deterioration of the FEL unit. The company has set the technical and conceptual boundaries, with the help of the two previous concepts currently used, the BMC and the ACP.   The initial requirements laid out by the company were expressed through a number of specific demands which can be categorized in two main points:   Cost: Designing a solution keeping in mind cost limits, assembly cost and time, and space optimization. This was done by taking into account the two existing solutions, particularly the BMC, which represents the lowest, cost wise and function wise. Therefore it was used as the basis on which to apply improvements, rather than trying to lower the high cost on the overqualified function of the ACP.   Function: Providing the adequate protection and access to the FEL. In this case, the problem was solved by establishing the correct degree of protection relevant to the Nordic weather conditions and FEL needs, and regarding the access, this was assured by fully automating the opening/closing process with the existing extraction operating system of the FEL.     The result of this report is a concept solution which meets the company’s demands, obtained by creative detailing, together with an analysis regarding possible considerations that could improve the creative detailing result in this report in the form of future work.     The report documents the process that has taken place in exploration, concept generation, concept evaluation, concept selection, and detailed CAD development. Each section shows the requirements and adjustments taken to fulfil the company’s needs.