This thesis develops a pragmatic theory of metaphors and slurs. In the pragmatic literature, theorists mostly hold the view that the framework developed by Grice is only applicable to the sentence-level pragmatic phenomena, whereas the subsentential pragmatic phenomena require a different approach. In this thesis, I argue against this view and claim that the Gricean framework, after some plausible revisions, can explain subsentential pragmatic phenomena, such as metaphors and slurs. In the first chapter, I introduce three basic theses I will defend and give an outline of the argument I will develop. The second chapter discusses three claims on metaphor that are widely discussed in the literature. There I state my aim to present a theory of metaphor which can accommodate these three claims. Chapter 3 introduces the notion of "phrasal implicature", which will be used to explain phrase-level pragmatic phenomena with a Gricean approach. In Chapter 4, I present my theory of metaphor, which I call "phrasal implicature theory of metaphor" and discuss certain aspects of the theory. The notion of phrasal implicature enables a new conception of what-is-said and a different approach to the semantics-pragmatics distinction. Chapter 5 looks into these issues. In Chapter 6, I compare my theory of metaphor with three other theories. Finally, in Chapter 7, I develop a phrasal implicature theory of slurs, which I argue outperforms its rivals in explaining various uses of slurs.

A verificação de intertextualidade entre os contos Branca de Neve e Chapeuzinho Vermelho , dos irmãos Grimm e A menina enterrada viva e A menina dos brincos de ouro , de Câmara Cascudo, dá indícios de uma tradução cultural específica do Nordeste brasileiro, a qual, além de atualizar arquétipos e interditos sociais, está adequada aos objetivos do Movimento Regionalista do Nordeste, projeto cultural idealizado por Gilberto Freyre em 1926, em prol da valorização daquela região. Um estudo, baseado no Manifesto Regionalista do Nordeste, possibilita a verificação da prática cotidiana de tradução cultural, na adaptação das narrativas populares, feita primeiramente por homens ordinários, dado o espaço de circulação dos contos. Posterior a isso, mas sem precisar o início do segundo momento da tradução, verifica-se, no trabalho do auctor social Luís da Câmara Cascudo, adepto do Movimento freyreano, a intenção de tornar essas narrativas também registros do patrimônio nacional, visto que elas foram publicadas na obra intitulada Contos tradicionais do Brasil, editada pela primeira vez em 1946. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-21T17:13:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Crisitina Schefer.pdf: 498249 bytes, checksum: a3c51ad22ff96227f65f9b3df853fa62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-21T17:13:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Crisitina Schefer.pdf: 498249 bytes, checksum: a3c51ad22ff96227f65f9b3df853fa62 (MD5) / The verification of inter-quality of what is textual between Snow White and Red Small Hat from Grimm brothers and The Buried Girl Alive and The Girl of Gold Earrings from Câmara Cascudo, it gives indications of specific cultural translation of the Brazilian Northeast, which, yonder bringing up to date social archetypes and interdicts, it is adjusted to the Northeast Regionalistic Movement s objectives, idealized cultural project by Gilberto Freyre in 1926, in favor for the valorization of that region. A study based on Northeast Regionalistic Manifest makes possible the verification of the cultural translation daily practice, in the adaptation of the popular narratives, it is made first by usual men, in view of stories circulation space. Subsequent to this, but without needing the beginning as the second moment of the translation, it is found in the Luis da Câmara Cascudo s social work, follower of the Freyre s Movement, the intention to also become these narratives registers of the national patrimony, since they had been published in the entitled work Brazil s Traditional Stories, edited for the first time in 1946.

A verificação de intertextualidade entre os contos Branca de Neve e Chapeuzinho Vermelho , dos irmãos Grimm e A menina enterrada viva e A menina dos brincos de ouro , de Câmara Cascudo, dá indícios de uma tradução cultural específica do Nordeste brasileiro, a qual, além de atualizar arquétipos e interditos sociais, está adequada aos objetivos do Movimento Regionalista do Nordeste, projeto cultural idealizado por Gilberto Freyre em 1926, em prol da valorização daquela região. Um estudo, baseado no Manifesto Regionalista do Nordeste, possibilita a verificação da prática cotidiana de tradução cultural, na adaptação das narrativas populares, feita primeiramente por homens ordinários, dado o espaço de circulação dos contos. Posterior a isso, mas sem precisar o início do segundo momento da tradução, verifica-se, no trabalho do auctor social Luís da Câmara Cascudo, adepto do Movimento freyreano, a intenção de tornar essas narrativas também registros do patrimônio nacional, visto que elas foram publicadas na obra intitulada Contos tradicionais do Brasil, editada pela primeira vez em 1946. / The verification of inter-quality of what is textual between Snow White and Red Small Hat from Grimm brothers and The Buried Girl Alive and The Girl of Gold Earrings from Câmara Cascudo, it gives indications of specific cultural translation of the Brazilian Northeast, which, yonder bringing up to date social archetypes and interdicts, it is adjusted to the Northeast Regionalistic Movement s objectives, idealized cultural project by Gilberto Freyre in 1926, in favor for the valorization of that region. A study based on Northeast Regionalistic Manifest makes possible the verification of the cultural translation daily practice, in the adaptation of the popular narratives, it is made first by usual men, in view of stories circulation space. Subsequent to this, but without needing the beginning as the second moment of the translation, it is found in the Luis da Câmara Cascudo s social work, follower of the Freyre s Movement, the intention to also become these narratives registers of the national patrimony, since they had been published in the entitled work Brazil s Traditional Stories, edited for the first time in 1946.

My study examines trauma informed practice (TIP) policies in BC, Canada. My chosen methodology, what is the problem represented to be (WPR) (Bacchi 2009), makes politics visible in policies. I am interested in the effects of trauma policies on women who experience male violence. How does discourse produce certain effects and constitute specific subjects within these texts? I extend a politicized analysis of TIP policies, specifically, an in-depth feminist post structural analysis. I advance an understanding of the effects of policy, particularly for women who have experienced male violence and who receive services under the TIP guidelines. I note the absence of an intersectional analysis and the lack of attention paid to power relations, specifically associated with the provision of care within the health care system, the construction of the traumatized female subject and the absence of a social justice lens in TIP policies. My study addresses the meanings, and resulting practices arising from the TIP policy and its impacts on women's lived experiences. My feminist post structural analysis provides a critique of TIP policies glaringly absent from the literature. I examine available literature, which evaluates TIP. My analysis deepens the understanding of the policy's inherent assumptions by revealing the problem of trauma, as represented in TIP policies. I explore the emergence of the dominant concept of trauma in the completion of a genealogy of trauma. I uncover the commonly accepted trauma ethos, a set of principles and beliefs about violence against women that has set the path for a trauma discourse in BC's guidelines, policies, and programs. I explore my interest in iv the ontology of trauma, the nature of trauma itself and the way of being when trauma has occurred. While exploring this interest through a genealogy of trauma, I identify five historical figures; the traumatized female figure, the assaulted woman figure, the wounded veteran figure, the colonized Indigenous woman figure and the emancipated woman figure. My study explores how women are obscured and invisible in policies intended to address violence against women. I demonstrate that this invisibility results in gender-neutral policies-if there is no gender-based violence- we, therefore, do not have to think of gender-based treatment. The patriarchal erasure of women from trauma policies continually repositions what the problem is represented to be. These policies constitute women as the less valued subjects, fundamentally damaged and flawed. Trauma policies shape women as people who can damage staff; assuming they are a source of trauma infection; they can infect staff with their trauma resulting in vicarious traumatization of staff. Trauma policies characterize the traumatized female subject as fundamentally different from the staff or the professional expert. Only certain kinds of women can be traumatized, the mentally ill and substance-using women. My study exposes the presupposition embedded in policies that only certain women are violated, and other women are unlike them. This trauma discourse is grounded in racism, colonialism and sexism, built on stereotypical patriarchal representations of women, resulting in the stigmatization of women who experience male violence. / Graduate / 2022-08-25

Girls’ education is one of the main attributes that contribute to the development of a nation and society. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the girls’ education is discursively constructed by the development agencies promoting girls’ education. Furthermore, the thesis also aims to explore how these discourses reflect the concepts of gender equality, equity, and empowerment in the policy texts in relation to girls’ education and what similarities and/ or differences are found by the produced knowledge in relation to girls’ education by the development agencies in correspondence to the three theories: Human Capital Approach (HCA), Human Rights Approach (HRA), and Capability Approach (CA). The study’s theoretical perspectives include the three theories of education: the human capital approach, the human rights approach, and the capabilities approach. To examine how development agencies policy texts discursively construct girls’ education, an analysis informed by interpretive and qualitative approaches to critical discourse analysis is conducted. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) as the research method contributes to analyze how discursive practices or texts are produced, described, and interpreted particularly in the policy documents. The analytical framework of Carol Bacchi (2009) ‘what’s the problem represented to be’ (WPR) as an analytical framework contribute to understand; 1.how something is presented as a problem and phrased in a specific policy text; 2. provides a systematic way to critically investigate problem representations in the policy texts to see what they include, what is not included; and 3. to retain the validity of the study quite high. The questions addressed in this study are: 1. what is the problem represented; 2. what solutions are provided to this problem; 3. what effects are produced by the representation of the problem; 4. what is unaddressed/silenced in the problem representation of girls’ education? The study compares policy texts published between 2010 to 2020 sampled from some the biggest foreign aid donors such as Japan, United Nations of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Australia, Italy, Finland, and France working in areas of development assistance and support specially focused on gender and education of developing countries. The analysis suggests that the development agencies primarily views the importance of girls’ education in instrumental terms even though discourses harmonizes with the human rights and capabilities approach discourses. The discourses of the three theories are compatible with each other and the underlying message remains quite the same in all the development agencies. The human capital discourses to a large extent followed discourses on women and gender equality. The discursive constructions of girls’ and women structured around economic development and efficiency thus sustain hegemonic gender power structures and gender inequalities rather than challenging them. The current discourses of the development agencies of dominantly constructing the importance of girls’ education as economic actors should address the root causes that hinders the girls’ education and agency which otherwise the consequences of only constructing women only as economic agents and as passive subordinates will be most likely to increase gender inequalities and poverty continue to exist further rather than ending it.

No description available.

In search of, the current and urgent, accompanied with our guiltless but potentially not agencies, we fight for the intelligence of reality. A zeitgeist that we try to ghostbust, that we hope to understand. A pandemonium circulated around the event, the now, the branches of time that flicker the possibilities and variations of expressions, that we as trajectories might solidify into a reality.  "So, one can start from a simple question, at which one does not care to conclude  with an answer: "why do we mark/trace a surface? Or for that matter, sculpt, think,  animate etc." What is the inclination behind it? And more importantly, why do we  cling to a specific preference?" In this essay I attempt a brief brush through from a number of familiar questions about art. And attempt to provide my own understanding, of art, creativity, society, and the ever newer intentions of the human expressive trajectories, that provide variations of possibilities and potentialities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alex Costa da Silva.pdf: 949613 bytes, checksum: 34806ae0ce2ce0f567ac024e97dc64f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / What Is Life?,a set of lectures delivered in 1943, consisted in speculations made by a physicist and Nobel Laureate, Erwin Schrödinger, on a subject apparently alien to his field of expertise, namely, the nature of life. Published as a small book with the same title, those lectures were widely read, called the attention of scholars from many fields of knowledge and found correspondence in a large part ofthe conceptual grounds of the molecular biology of the second half of the 20th century. Schrödinger s ideas did not lose interest, to the point they were celebrated 50 and 70 years later in scientific meetings also namedWhat Is Life? In the present study we first sought to elucidate the reasons for Schrödinger to have chosen the nature of life as the subject of his lectures. Then we investigated the contemporary reception to the ideas discussed in them. Third we analyzed several or the presentations made by reputed scientists in the 1993 meeting aiming to establish the relevance of Schrödinger s ideas for the development of the life sciences in the course of those 50 years. Finally we emphasize the interest such ideas still arose 20 years later, as reflected in the specialized media and more particularly by J.C.Venter, one of the first to sequence the human genome, in the last What Is Life?lecture, from 2013, this time focusing on the 21st century perspective / As palestras What Is Life?, de 1943, consistiram numa série de especulações de um físico, Erwin Schrödinger, laureado com o Prêmio Nobel, sobre um tema fundamental de uma área que não era a sua: a naturezada vida. Publicadasna forma de um pequeno livro homônimo, tais palestras foram lidas amplamente, chamaram a atenção de estudiosos de diversas áreas e encontraram correspondência, em grande parte, com a base conceitual da biologia molecular da segunda metade do século XX. As ideias de Schrödinger não perderam interesse, sendo celebradas 50 e 70 anos mais tarde em eventos também intitulados WhatIs Life? No presente trabalho procuramos elucidar, primeiro, o que levou Schrödinger a escolher esse tema para suas palestras no Trinity College Dubline as ideias discutidas nelas.A seguir, verificamos o recebimento dado aos conteúdos apresentados pelo físico por seus contemporâneos. Em terceiro lugar, analisamos várias das apresentações realizadas por destacados cientistas no evento de 1993, visando identificar a relevância das ideias de Schrödinger para o desenvolvimento das ciências da vida nesses 50 anos. Finalmente, ressaltamos o interesse que tais ideias conservariam20 anos depois, tal como refletidas na mídia especializada, e mais particularmente, por J.C. Venter, um dos primeiros a sequenciar no genoma humano, na última edição das palestras What Is Life?, de 2013, dessa vez com o subtítulo: A perspectiva do século XXI

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A utilização da música na reabilitação de pessoas que fazem uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas configura-se como uma incógnita epistemológica para o campo da musicoterapia. A carência de pesquisas teóricas e práticas no âmbito da musicoterapia, que atentem para a complexidade da demanda na reabilitação de pessoas acometidas pelo abuso de substâncias, é o principal motivador para a elaboração do trabalho. Sendo metodologicamente provindo de revisão bibliográfica, o escrito é divido em três momentos. O primeiro investiga de que maneira o uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas arraigou-se como um dos principais problemas da sociedade atual e de que forma o uso de substâncias está culturalmente relacionado às artes, especificamente a música. Servirão de aporte para essa parte, os olhos da Teologia da Libertação, a qual busca no âmago do sofrimento das pessoas, o reconhecimento da dignidade inerente a todos os seres humanos. A identificação das vias rituais pelas quais acontece a trans-significação do real pelo ser humano, é executada no segundo momento. Questões relacionadas às linguagens e às formas pelas quais o ser humano sai da realidade, as quais intermediam suas buscas existenciais, são o cerne dessa parte. O terceiro e último momento avista a natureza comunicacional e organizacional da música, para uma formulação epistemológica que contemple a demanda concernente à prática clínica musicoterapêutica na reabilitação de pessoas acometidas pelo abuso de substâncias. Identifica-se nessa parte, que a sessão musicoterapêutica é uma prática salutar de trans-significação do devir humano. / The use of music in rehabilitation of people who use psychoactive substances emerges as an epistemological question to the field of Music Therapy. The lack of theoretical and practical researches in Music Therapy, which focuses on the complexity of the demand in rehabilitation of people affected by the abuse of substances, is the main motivator for the development of this work. Methodologically based on a bibliographical review, this dissertation is divided into three parts. The first investigates how the abuse of psychoactive substances rooted itself as one of the main problems of the current society and how the use of substances is culturally related to the arts, specifically music. This part has an approach of the Liberation Theology, which seeks the recognition of the dignity, common to all human beings, by looking into the suffering of the people. The second part identifies the ritual paths, in which the trans-signification of what is real happens. Issues related to language and ways the human being uses to leave reality, which mediate their existential quest, are the core of this part. The third and last part addresses the communicational and organizational nature of the music, in order to build an epistemological concept that considers the demand regarding to the clinical music therapy practice in rehabilitation of people affected by the abuse of substances. In this part, we identify that the Music Therapy session is a healthy practice of trans-signification of becoming human.

This Master thesis analyzes the conception of self-knowledge in work of Jiddu Krishnamurti. Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895-1986) was a spiritual teacher and writer, born in India and lived in USA. The goal of the thesis is to show Krishnamurti's conception of self-knowledge from its own. In thesis there are quotations from Krishnamurti's works and also from works of others related authors from ranks of philosophy, science or literature. The first part of thesis shows Krishnamurti's life and his work in general. The second part analyzes a topic of self-knowledge in work of Krishnamurti. First of all, the thesis tries to introduce the way in which Krishnamurti understands a self-knowledge and its potential. In the second place, it tries to incorporate Krishnamurti's work into context of whole human searchng with intention to find a dialog between science and spirituality and between East and West.