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This work addresses applications of search theory where a mobile search agent seeks to find an unknown number of stationary targets randomly distributed in a bounded search domain. We assume that the search mission is subject to a time or distance constraint, and that the local environmental conditions affect sensor performance. Because the environment varies by location, the effectiveness of the search sensor also varies by location. Our contribution to search theory includes new decision-theoretic approaches for generating optimal search plans in the presence of false alarms and uncertain environmental variability. We also formally define the value of environmental information for improving the effectiveness of a search mission, and we develop methods for optimal deployment of assets that can acquire environmental information in order to improve search effectiveness. Finally, we extend our research to the case of multiple cooperating search agents. For the case that inter-agent communication is severely bandwidth-limited, such as in subsea applications, we propose a method for assessing the expected value of inter-agent communication relative to joint search effectiveness. Our results lead to a method for determining when search agents should communicate. Our contributions to search theory address important applications that range from subsea mine-hunting to post-disaster search and rescue applications. / PHD / We address search applications where a mobile search agent seeks to find an unknown number of stationary targets randomly distributed in a bounded search domain. The search agent is equipped with a search sensor that detects the targets at a location. Sensor measurements are often imperfect due to possible missed detections and false alarms. We also consider that the local environmental conditions affect the quality of the data acquired from the search sensor. For instance, if we are searching for a target that has a rocky shape, we expect that it will be harder to find that target in a rocky environment. We consider that the search mission is subject to a time or distance constraint, and thus, search can be performed on only a subset of locations. Our goal in this study is to formally determine where to acquire the search measurements so that the search effectiveness can be maximized. We also formally define the value of acquiring environmental information for improving the effectiveness of a search mission, and we develop methods for optimal deployment of assets that can acquire environmental information in order to improve search effectiveness. Finally, we address the cases where multiple search assets collaboratively search the environment and they can communicate their local information with each other. We are particularly interested in determining when a vehicle should communicate with another vehicle so that the joint search effectiveness can be improved. Our contributions to search theory address important applications that range from subsea mine-hunting to post-disaster search and rescue applications.

The three print series I completed within the past two years appear hardly related at first. However, these individual bodies of work, when examined chronologically, are continually informed by similar ideas. The most obvious of these is the act of piecing elements together to form something that had previously not existed, yet still influences the original source. In all three series, images are taken from an original source and re-contextualized. The idea of cultural or anthropological landscapes is also a theme throughout my work. Each individual series toyed with the idea of an imaginary or theoretical anthropological landscape in direct comparison to its pre-existing model. These humorous and oftentimes puzzling images are influenced by my over-active imagination, fueled by equal parts pop culture, playful cynicism, and desperate idealism.

Title: Working with numerical and algebraic expressions in the compulsory education Author: Bc. Lenka Pantůčková Department: Department of Mathametics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc. This Diploma Thesis deals with numerical and algebraic expressions in elementary school. The theoretical part deals with the framework educational programme for elementary education and grammar schools. It further mentions the propaedeutic of algebraic expressions at the first and second levels. It also introduces the most frequent mistakes done in calculating algebraic expressions. Meanings for the variable are stated as well. The last pre-chapter of the theoretical part is focused on statistics, which is further used for the experiment result evaluation. The experimental part first states the aims and methods of the research. Selected elementary schools taking part in the experiment are further introduced. An analysis of mathematics text books for the eighth grade (mainly chapters concerning the algebraic expressions), the selected schools use in their lessons, is also carried out. The experimental part also introduces the test presented to 128 pupils. Further pre-chapters are devoted to hypotheses and expected mistakes in single subtasks. In the conclusion of the experimental...

Comparative research on event memory has typically focused on the binding of spatial and temporal information in memory, but much less is known about how animals remember information about the source of their memories (i.e., whether the event is something they performed themselves or whether they observed it). The purpose of the present study was to examine how rhesus monkeys (n = 8) and 3- to 4- year-old children (n = 20) remember this information along with other relevant event features (object identity, spatial location, temporal properties and contextual features) in working memory. In Experiment 1, rhesus monkeys completed five different delayed matching-to-sample tasks to assess independent encoding of these five event components. In Experiment 2, the monkeys either performed or observed an event and then had to respond to a randomly selected pair of memory tests used in the previous experiment. In Experiment 3, children were presented with the same memory task, but were given a brief demonstration to learn how to perform the task. Both children and monkeys responded to these tests using photos and shapes (for the identity and spatial tests) and icons (for the temporal, agency and context tests). The monkeys demonstrated significantly above-chance performance on the identity, spatial, temporal and agency tasks. The children were above chance on the one component the monkeys had difficulty with (context), but conversely demonstrated difficulty on the temporal memory test. There was evidence of feature integration in both monkeys and children. Specifically, the children were significantly more likely to respond correctly to the second memory test if they had also been correct on the first memory test. Two of five rhesus monkeys also showed this effect, indicating that for these individuals, the features were integrated in working memory. Implications of this research are discussed in relation to self-awareness and episodic memory research in children and nonhuman species.

Comparative research on event memory has typically focused on the binding of spatial and temporal information in memory, but much less is known about how animals remember information about the source of their memories (i.e., whether the event is something they performed themselves or whether they observed it). The purpose of the present study was to examine how rhesus monkeys (n = 8) and 3- to 4- year-old children (n = 20) remember this information along with other relevant event features (object identity, spatial location, temporal properties and contextual features) in working memory. In Experiment 1, rhesus monkeys completed five different delayed matching-to-sample tasks to assess independent encoding of these five event components. In Experiment 2, the monkeys either performed or observed an event and then had to respond to a randomly selected pair of memory tests used in the previous experiment. In Experiment 3, children were presented with the same memory task, but were given a brief demonstration to learn how to perform the task. Both children and monkeys responded to these tests using photos and shapes (for the identity and spatial tests) and icons (for the temporal, agency and context tests). The monkeys demonstrated significantly above-chance performance on the identity, spatial, temporal and agency tasks. The children were above chance on the one component the monkeys had difficulty with (context), but conversely demonstrated difficulty on the temporal memory test. There was evidence of feature integration in both monkeys and children. Specifically, the children were significantly more likely to respond correctly to the second memory test if they had also been correct on the first memory test. Two of five rhesus monkeys also showed this effect, indicating that for these individuals, the features were integrated in working memory. Implications of this research are discussed in relation to self-awareness and episodic memory research in children and nonhuman species.

This essay provides an analysis of the novel When Nietzsche Wept written by Irvin D. Yalom. The novel takes place during the late eighteen hundred century in Vienna and throughout this essay I explore how Yalom has created a setting, where he has placed some of most prominent philosophers of this time in his fictional world in order to educate the reader about the birth of psychoanalysis and give an alternative version to how it emerged. I argue that Yalom manages to implement different original theories in connection to psychoanalysis to show how the ideas circulating at that point in history contributed to the development of psychoanalysis. The essay compares the original theories of Freud, Breuer and Nietzsche to those brought forward by the characters and illustrates the similarities in order to support Yalom´s alternative version. In conclusion, this essay demonstrates how Yalom has created an alternative version of the development of psychoanalysis by blending original theories with fictive events in order to show how psychoanalysis was a zeitgeist of its time and had more than one founding father.

This paper deals with the preparation, implementation, and basic assessment of the motorists’ response times to simple optical and complex – other than optical - stimuli. Driving tests conducted partly under regular traffic conditions and partly on a test track are completed with findings on how drivers react when they use their phones during driving. Knowledge of the actual technically achievable reaction time is necessary in performing analyses and consequent assessments of the causes and developments of road traffic accidents.

The legislative amendment that came into effect in 2003 meant tax free sales of business-related shares. The amendment allows for packaging of real estate in companies where the company's shares are sold tax free. Sale of limited companies is not public information, which posed a problem for property valuers because they no longer have the same access to location-priced data. This study aims to investigate if the property valuation has changed with respect to that information regarding a company transfer of real estate is not public. Ten interviews were conducted to obtain the basis for the study. The interviewees were selected to represent a broad perspective from different parts of the real estate market. It is established that all major property transactions is conducted as corporate transactions resulting in a difficulty for property valuers. Property valuation has become more extensive as the comparable sale is done as corporate transactions. Property valuers spend more time with the information collection and the analysis of comparative sales. Cash flow method and location price method is determined as the most common valuation methods. Cash flow method can sometimes considered a reconstruction after the event and cash flow method can also be seen as a location price method. Property valuers need full information about a transaction to be able to use it as comparison. This leads to the valuers consider themselves to have more knowledge than they can report. Interview responses indicate that transparency has declined due to the fact that the information retrieval has become more difficult. / Den lagändring som trädde i kraft 2003 innebar skattefri försäljning av näringsbetingade andelar. Lagändringen möjliggör paketering av fastigheter i bolag där aktierna i bolaget avyttras skattefritt. Avyttring av aktiebolag är inte offentlig information, vilket har medfört problem för fastighetsvärderare eftersom de inte längre har samma tillgång till ortsprismaterial. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om fastighetsvärdering har förändrats med hänsyn till att information om bolagsöverlåtelse av fastigheter inte är offentligt. Tio intervjuer genomfördes för att erhålla underlaget för studien. Intervjupersonerna valdes ut för att utgöra ett brett perspektiv från olika delar av fastighetsmarknaden. Det kan konstateras att alla större fastighetsaffärer sker som bolagsförvärv vilket medför en svårighet för fastighetsvärderarna. Fastighetsvärdering har blivit mer omfattande i och med att jämförelseobjekten sker som bolagsöverlåtelse. Värderarna lägger ner mer tid på informationsinsamlingen och analysen av jämförelseobjekten. Kassaflödesmetoden och ortsprismetoden fastställs som de vanligaste värderingsmetoderna. Kassaflödesmetoden kan ibland anses vara en efterhandskonstruktion och kassaflödesmetoden kan även ses som en ortsprismetod. Värderarna behöver fullständig information om en affär för att kunna använda den som jämförelseobjekt. Detta leder till att värderarna anser sig ha större kunskap än de kan redovisa. Intervjusvaren tyder på att transparensen har minskat i och med att informationsinhämtningen försvårats.