Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hugo_barros_chianca.pdf: 728454 bytes, checksum: 645a1918319eef8450fd9a3fc8ba05db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-25 / The present work has the objective of demonstrating the admissibility of the institution of the technical witness, widely used by North American law, in the specialized procedure inscribed by Law 9.009, of 1995, as an immediate way of accomplishing the fundamental right of access to justice, and, in a mediate way, as the materialization of the principle of human dignity protection. The Federal Constitution, of 1988, imposes the necessary observance of the fundamental principle in comment, imposing a roll of fundamental rights which, in their essence, aim to assure the enforcement of that commandment. Among the fundamental rights we mentioned, some of them apply in a direct way to processual relations. In this sense, the fundamental right of access to justice emerges with the scope of providing the necessary resources to the attainment of an adequate jurisdictional guardianship, useful and just, by means of a process which, from its instrumental nature, promotes the accomplishment of that purpose. The creation of specialized procedures turns out as the manifestation of the mentioned fundamental right, and, thus, the law of special courts strengthens that commandment. However, in virtue of the orality principle, the evidential production in this procedure suffers certain restrictions, which make it impossible the accomplishment of proof that compromisse the reasonable duration of the procedure, established within the framework of the maxim of orality. Therefore, this work has as object the demonstration of the admissibility of the institution of the technical witness in the specialized procedure of Law 9.009, of 1995, in view of the need of accomplishing the fundamental right of access to justice. For the making of this dissertation we used bibliographical research, including national and foreign doctrines, as well as national jurisprudence. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a admissibilidade do instituto da testemunha técnica, comumente utilizado no direito norte-americano, no procedimento especializado insculpido pela Lei 9.099, de 1995, como forma imediata de efetivação do direito fundamental do acesso à justiça, e, de maneira mediata, como concretização do princípio da proteção à dignidade humana. A Constituição Federal, de 1998, impõe a necessária observância ao princípio fundamental em comento, impondo um rol de direitos fundamentais que, em sua essência, visam assegurar a efetivação daquele mandamento. Dentre os mencionados direitos fundamentais, alguns se aplicam de forma direta às relações processuais. Surge, nesse sentido, o direito fundamental do acesso à justiça com o escopo de prover subsídios necessários à consecução de uma tutela jurisdicional adequada, útil e justa, por meio de um processo que, a partir de sua natureza instrumental, promova a realização de tal finalidade. A criação de procedimentos especializados verifica-se como manifestação do direito fundamental mencionado, e, sendo assim, a lei dos juizados especiais vem fortalecer o referido mandamento. Entretanto, em virtude do princípio da oralidade, a produção probatória nesse procedimento sofre determinadas restrições, o que torna impossível a realização de meios probatórios que comprometam a razoável duração do procedimento estabelecida nos moldes da máxima da oralidade. Assim sendo, este trabalho tem por objeto demonstrar a admissibilidade do instituto da testemunha técnica no procedimento especializado da Lei 9.099, de 1995, em face da necessidade de efetivação do direito fundamental do acesso à justiça. Para a confecção dessa dissertação utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, abrangendo doutrina pátria e estrangeira, bem como a jurisprudência pátria.

Community of Jehovah's Witnesses is a significant element of the religious landscape of the Sverdlovsk region, which had not previously conceptualized in a scientific way. In this paper, based on field research addressing various aspects of the composition of the Jehovah's Witnesses community, the history of assembly, structure, forms of action and practice. Attention is paid to the issue of public opinion, formed around the followers of the faith. Media role in the formation of a negative image of the Jehovah's Witnesses in the Sverdlovsk region is submitted. / Сообщество Свидетелей Иеговы – заметный элемент религиозного ландшафта Свердловской области, который ранее не осмыслялся в научном русле. В работе на основе материалов полевых исследований рассматриваются различные аспекты состава общин Свидетелей Иеговы, история собраний, структура, формы деятельности и практики. Уделяется внимание проблеме общественного мнения, сложившегося вокруг последователей данного вероучения. Представлена роль СМИ в формировании негативного образа Свидетелей Иеговы в Свердловской области.

Text in Afrikaans / In this dissertation the legal position with regard to children as victims of sexual crimes is examined in South Africa, England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Sexual crimes with children are a serious and widespread international problem. The purpose of this study is to identify deficiencies / gaps in the South African law. Children are not only the victims of the sexual crimes, but they are exposed to further trauma whilst giving evidence. Their best interests are also often not taken into proper consideration during the sentencing phase. In is in the interest of justice that children=s interests must be taken into account the whole time. In terms of international conventions and charters State parties are required to protect children against all forms of discrimination, violence, abuse and exploitation. Children may not be exposed to any sexual crimes, because these activities violate their right to bodily (and psychological) integrity, human dignity and privacy. In order to acknowledge the importance of children=s best interest, priority must be given to all cases in which children are the victims and their unique characteristics, age and development must be taken into consideration. This will ensure that they are not further victimized during the trial. Deficiencies in the Criminal Law are addressed by proposing new definitions, for instance for rape and incest. Shortcomings in the Procedural Law are identified and recommendations are made especially with regard to the alternative measures by which children can testify. Guidelines are also suggested for admissible cross-examination. New sentencing options are recommended and possible aggravating circumstances which ought to play a role during the consideration of a suitable and just sentence for sexual crimes with children are suggested. / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL.D.

In this study focus is placed on the Impact of the Namibian judiciary system on the sexually-abused child witness and recommendations were made to criminal justice professionals. A literature study was undertaken to establish a grounded theoretical perspective. A single case study was done to evaluate how the Gestalt Play Therapy Process can be applied to mitigate some of the negative effects the judicial system has on the child witness. An empirical study was done and a qualitative approach was utilised. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with children, their parents and criminal justice professionals. Major findings of this study are that the Namibian criminal justice system leads to further traumatization of the sexually-abused child witness and that the Gestalt Play Therapy approach can be applied to make the court proceedings less traumatic and even therapeutic for the child witness. Recommendations were formulated for criminal justice professionals / In hierdie verhandeling is gefokus op die impak van die Namibiese regstelsel op die seksueel-misbruikte kindergetuie en daar word aanbevelings gedoen aan professionele persone in die kriminele regstelsel. 'n Literatuurstudie is gedoen om 'n grondige toeretiese perspektief daar te stel. 'n Enkele gevallestudie is uitgevoer om te evalueer hoe die Gestalt Spelterapieproses toegepas kan word om die hofverrigtinge vir die kind minder traumaties te maak. 'n Empiriese studie is gedoen en 'n kwalitatiewe benadering is gebruik. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met kinders, hulle ouers en professionele persone wat met seksueel-misbruikte kindergetuies werk. In die studie is bevind dat die Namibiese regstelsel addisionele trauma veroorsaak vir die kindergetuie en dat die Getaltspelterapiebenadering gebruik kan word om die hofervaring minder traumaties en selfs terapeuties te kan maak vir die kindergetuie. Aanbevelings is gedoen aan professionele persone wat met kindergetuies werk. / Social work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel of daar 'n behoefte aan spesifieke terapeutiese riglyne vir oudlede van destruktiewe kultes bestaan. Die studie is daarop gemik om aanvullend tot die bestaande inligting rakende terapie te werk te gaan. Die uitgangspunt van hierdie studie is dat die invloed wat psigiese beheer (mind control) op 'n persoon kan he, tydens terapie in aanmerking geneem behoort te word. Gedurende literatuurstudie en persoonlike kontak met oud-kultelede is bevind dat individue selfs jare na die beeindiging van lidmaatskap onder die gevolge van psigiese beheer ly. Dit wil voorkom asof die probleme nie opklaar voordat insig ontwikkel is in die wyse waarop misleiding en beheer plaasgevind het nie. Dit sou vir 'n terapeut dus nodig wees om die verbande wat daar tussen sielkundige probleme wat deur persone ervaar word en psigiese beheer bestaan, in te sien voordat terapie suksesvol aangepak kan word. Ter aanvang is die definisies en kenmerke van kultes bespreek. Die persoonlikheid, wyse van gesagsuitoefening en relasies van die tipiese kulteleier is aan die orde gestel. Faktore wat vatbaarheid vir werwing by kultes kan verhoog, is bespreek en onderskeid is getref tussen die twee belangrikste beinvloedingstrategiee wat daar in kultes kan bestaan, te wete breinspoeling en psigiese beheer. Die verloop van die proses van psigiese beheer is bespreek asook die nadele wat lidmaatskap by kultes vir die individu kan inhou. Die volgende sielkundige prosesse wat by psigiese beheer betrokke kan wees, is aan die orde gestel, naamlik: houdings, oorreding, kognitiewe dissonansie en toestande van gewysigde bewussyn waaronder dissasiasie, psigagene amnesie, depersanalisasie, derealisasie, hipnose en suggestie. Ten einde meer akkurate inligting van die tipiese aud-kultelid te bekam, is anderhaude met ses aud-kultelede gevaer. Terwille van kwalitatiewe verdieping, is diepte-andersaeke op twee van hierdie persane uitgevaer. Op grand van inligting wat uit die literatuurstudie en van die praefpersone verkry is, is riglyne vir die antwerp van 'n terapeutiese program vir oud-kultelede saamgestel. / The aim of this study is to ascertain whether a need exists for specific therapeutic guidelines for ex-members of destructive cults. This study is intended to work complementary to existing therapeutic techniques. The point of departure of this study is that the influence that the process of mind control can have on a person, should be taken into consideration in therapy. During the literature study and personal contact with ex-cult members it was found that even years after they had left the cult, individuals still suffered from the consequences of mind control. Apparently problems are not solved before insight is gained into the way in which deception and control has taken place. For a therapist it would thus be necessary to gain insight into the relationship that exists between psychological problems that people experience and mind control before therapy can be successfully undertaken. Initially the definitions and characteristics of cults are discussed. The personality, methods of exercising control and the relationships of the typical cult leader are discussed. Factors that can make a person more vulnerable to recruitment are discussed and a distinction is made between the two main influencing strategies in cults, namely brainwashing and mind control. The course of the process of mind control is discussed, as well as the personal disadvantages of membership to cults. The following psychological processes which can be present in mind control, are discussed, namely: attitudes, persuasion, cognitive dissonance and conditions of altered consciousness, i.e. dissociation, psychogenic amnesia, depersonalisation, derealisation, hypnosis and suggestion. In order to obtain more accurate information about the typical ex-cult member, interviews were conducted with a sample group of six persons. For the sake of qualitative deepening, in-depth studies were conducted with two of these persons. On the basis of the information that was obtained from the literature study and from the sample group, guidelines for the design of a therapeutic program for ex-cultists are presented. / Psychology of education / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

La liberté religieuse est une liberté fondamentale reconnue dans les démocraties. Elle est invoquée devant la Cour européenne par des religions mais aussi par des individus. Les nouveaux cultes et leurs adeptes acquièrent des droits collectifs et individuels plus étendus. En France, des principes fondamentaux conduisent le législateur et le juge à consacrer et garantir le pluralisme religieux : toutes les croyances ont la même valeur. Chacun est libre de pratiquer sa religion en public ou en privé, notamment dans sa famille. Le juge garantit le respect de la conscience de l’individu lorsqu’il est saisi. Mais la libre pratique religieuse des membres de la famille connait certaines limites qui sont purement objectives et non fonction du type d’appartenance religieuse. Pourtant, la perception du phénomène religieux par les autorités n’est pas toujours égalitaire. Le traitement politique, social et judiciaire des religions minoritaires notamment, remet parfois en cause le pluralisme. Si l’appréciation in concreto des situations par le juge est le principe, le manque d’homogénéité de la jurisprudence, qui met en exergue certains préjugés, ajouté aux réticences des juges du droit à contrôler plus avant les motivations des juges du fonds, entament la garantie du pluralisme. Les condamnations de la Cour européenne le montrent. Les difficultés concernent notamment les questions de l’appréciation de la faute, cause de divorce, ou de l’intérêt de l’enfant. La référence à un standard, étalon d’une bonne pratique religieuse, est parfois latente. En la matière, l’analyse souveraine des juges du fond est souvent sacralisée, ce qui peut poser des difficultés, tout comme le manque d’ouverture de certains experts qui rendent des avis qui peuvent, in fine, avoir un impact fort sur le juge. L’absence de pré-majorité religieuse et l’application stricte du principe de laïcité à l’école posent aussi certains problèmes. Les solutions étrangères sont intéressantes sur ces questions. / Religious freedom is a fundamental freedom recognised by democracies. Not only religious groups, but also individuals, bring it up before the European Court. New religious groups and their members are granted more collective and individual rights. In France, fundamental principles bring legislators and judges to define and guarantee religious pluralism: all beliefs are equal. Everyone is free to practice his or her religion in public or in private, especially within the family. Judges referred to guarantee that the individual conscience will be respected. Nevertheless, the free religious practice of family members has objective limits, regardless of the religion one belongs to. Still, the way the authorities view the religious practice is not always the same. The political, social and legal treatment of minority religions in particular puts sometimes religious pluralism in question. Even if usually the judge appreciates situations in concreto, pluralism sometimes fails to be guaranteed due to a lack of homogeneity in the jurisprudence, tainted with prejudice, as well as the reticences of the ordinary judges to check more in depth the motivations of the trial judges. The condemnations of the European Courts are proof to this. The difficulties concern for the most part the appreciation of the fault, cause for divorce, or of the interest of the child. The reference to a standard of good religious practice is sometimes latent. In this matter, the expertise of the trial judges is often considered as sacred, and this can lead to some difficulties, as well as the lack of open-mindness of some experts who give opinions that can, in fine, influence the judge. The absence of religious age pre-majority and the strict application of the principle of secularism at school also pose some problems. Foreign solutions on this matter are interesting.

La Pologne est un ancien État communiste qui a signé la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme en 1991 et l'a ratifiée en 1993. Le droit de recours individuel a été reconnu en 1993. Le changement de régime a exigé de revoir le système juridique polonais, dont les principes du procès équitable, afin de pouvoir se conformer aux exigences de la Convention. La France a signé la Convention en 1950, l'a ratifiée en 1974. Le droit de recours individuel a été reconnu en 1981. C'est un des plus anciens signataires de la Convention et actuellement un acteur majeur de la société internationale dont l'attachement aux droits de l'homme constitue un élément caractéristique de sa politique extérieure. Cette étude comparative détermine si les exigences concernant les tribunaux et le procès, ainsi que les droits garantis en matière pénale, imposés par l'article 6 de la Convention, sont respectés dans les deux États. D'un côté, cela permet de voir les différences et les similitudes entre la France et la Pologne qui peuvent sembler différentes à cause de leur histoire et de leur tradition de respect des droits de l'homme, mais qui également se ressemblent dans les mécanismes de protection des droits de l'homme mis en place et rencontrent les problèmes similaires, comme par exemple la durée excessive de la procédure ou le non-Respect du principe de l'égalité des armes.D'un autre côté, cela permet de vérifier si les organes internes ont bien appliqué et, le cas échéant, réparé les violations de la Convention, notamment par les réformes de la loi interne. / Poland is a post-Communist state which signed the Convention in 1991, and ratified it in 1993. The right to the individual application was established in 1993. The change of the regime required to reform the Polish legal system, including the principles of fair trial, to comply with the requirements of the Convention. France signed the Convention in 1950, and ratified it in 1974. The right to the individual application was established in 1981. It is one of the oldest members of the Convention and at the moment one of the major actors of the international society, whose attachment to human rights is one of the characteristics of its foreign policy. This comparative study sets out to determine whether the requirements concerning the courts and the trials, and the rights guaranteed in criminal matters imposed by the article 6 of the Convention are respected in both states. On the one hand, this enables us to see the differences and the similitudes between France and Poland. These two states can seem to be different because of their respective histories and traditions when it comes to the respect of human rights. However, in the final analysis, they deal with similar problems, as, for example, the excessive length of proceedings, or non-Respect of the principle of equity of arms. On the other hand, this enables us to verify if the judgements of the European Court of Human Rights have been entirely implemented by the two states, and, where necessary, if the infringements of the Convention were repaired, including the reforms of the internal law.

The aim of the thesis is the support and the development of the relationship among different generations and learning among pupils of younger age and elderly people. Teaching national history in a traditional way brings two main problems. Firstly, children learn history through abstract terms, which they are not acquainted with. It is followed by another problem, when the presentation for pupils is not in detail and they cannot imagine most of the historical situations. Memories of contemporary witnesses can help us to solve these problems, because thanks to these memories pupils can better understand historical situations. Therefore, it is necessary to find and use such a way of teaching history in the current education, which would be interesting for pupils. Such a way would encourage an interest of pupils about history and further education. Thanks to this, they can gain different points of view about the background of their family, the place of birth and also about the Czech history. Inner motivation is what we want to achieve. By using activities which stimulate pupils we can develop critical thinking while teaching history. The first part of my thesis deals with theoretical knowledge of the authors who concern with the themes of the concept of memory with all its aspects, historical thinking...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CD 1 - SSO - Elaine Christina Santa.pdf: 360653 bytes, checksum: e8294b9deb33575061816f1118cbf33d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The purpose of this research analyses The Victims and Threatened Witnesses Program of Protection - Provita - appears, in 1996, from an initiative of the civil society in partnership with the State. As a result of this process, in July 13 1999, is promulgated the Federal Law nº 9.807, that establishes standards for the organization and maintenance of this Program. The focus of this Program is the reduction of the impunity, creating security conditions to the threatened witnesses. From a revision of the historical construction process of the national security system, it is considered as a basic guarantee instrument to the right to the life and to the security, in a context where the violence and impunity are daily expressed realities. During the research process, we aimed to better understand the inter-relations, connections and factors responsible for the existence of this Program in our Brazilian society and the Social Service role. So, the objective of this research is centered on studying the social worker job in this Program, approaching questions on its attributions, objectives and challenges. It aims to reflect on professional practices, in the prism of human rights defense, in accordance with what was praised in the Code of Professional Ethics. This research concludes the require and importance of enlargement of the responsibility of the State about execution of public security activities, when the limitations were given to the development of the service created, between other factors, by the absence of articulation with the set of public politics, essential policies for the service to the necessities of the persons in regime of protection; resource insufficiency for the formation and security of the professionals group; slowness of the judicial processing. The data, between 2000 and 2005, of 75 people protected, of which 21 testified in processes that reached the final verdict, and 20 turned in condemnatio n, illustrate both the importance and the difficulties of the Program. We also perceived that the social worker practice still is permeated by the challenge of acting and implementing the commitment with its practice citizens. This professional has the dut y of working in search for the citizenship promotion, the emancipation and to make possible the conditions of the protected person of struggle for his rights, during the protection process and over all, later / Este estudo apresenta a análise do Programa de Proteção a Vítimas e Testemunhas Ameaçadas - Provita -, que surge, em 1996, a partir de uma iniciativa da sociedade civil em parceria com o Estado. Em decorrência desse processo, em 13 de julho de 1999, é promulgada a Lei Federal nº 9.807, que estabelece normas para a organização e manutenção deste Programa. O objetivo principal do Programa é a redução da impunidade, criando condições de segurança para pessoas capazes de prestar testemunho, apesar de ameaçadas. A partir de uma revisão do processo de construção histórica do sistema de segurança nacional, é estudado como um instrumento fundamental de garantia ao direito à vida e à segurança, num contexto de violência extrema e cotidiana. O processo de pesquisa produziu uma melhor compreensão das inter-relações, conexões e fatores responsáveis pela sua existência na sociedade brasileira. A análise baseou-se na experiência profissional da autora e nos depoimentos de exprofissionais de Serviço Social pertencentes à equipe de trabalho do Provita. Teve como objetivo central estudar o papel do Serviço Social no Programa, abordando questões relacionadas às atribuições, objetivos e desafios do trabalho do assistente social. A prática profissional foi refletida pelo prisma da defesa dos direitos humanos, de acordo com o preconizado no Código de Ética profissional. Concluiu-se pela necessidade e importância da ampliação da responsabilidade do Estado quanto à execução das atividades de segurança pública, dadas as limitações ao desenvolvimento do atendimento criadas, entre outros fatores, pela ausência de articulação com o conjunto de políticas públicas, essenc iais para o atendimento às necessidades das pessoas em regime de proteção; insuficiência de recursos para a formação e segurança do corpo de profissionais; morosidade do processamento judiciário. Os dados de permanência, entre 2000 e 2005, de 75 protegidos, dos quais 21 testemunharam em processos que chegaram ao veredicto final, e 20 resultaram em condenação, ilustram tanto a importância como as dificuldades do Programa. A prática do assistente social foi sempre permeada pelo desafio do compromisso com os sujeitos de sua prática, em busca da promoção da cidadania e da emancipação, para possibilitar ao protegido condições de luta por seus direitos, durante o processo de proteção e, sobretudo, depois

Text in Afrikaans / In this dissertation the legal position with regard to children as victims of sexual crimes is examined in South Africa, England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Sexual crimes with children are a serious and widespread international problem. The purpose of this study is to identify deficiencies / gaps in the South African law. Children are not only the victims of the sexual crimes, but they are exposed to further trauma whilst giving evidence. Their best interests are also often not taken into proper consideration during the sentencing phase. In is in the interest of justice that children=s interests must be taken into account the whole time. In terms of international conventions and charters State parties are required to protect children against all forms of discrimination, violence, abuse and exploitation. Children may not be exposed to any sexual crimes, because these activities violate their right to bodily (and psychological) integrity, human dignity and privacy. In order to acknowledge the importance of children=s best interest, priority must be given to all cases in which children are the victims and their unique characteristics, age and development must be taken into consideration. This will ensure that they are not further victimized during the trial. Deficiencies in the Criminal Law are addressed by proposing new definitions, for instance for rape and incest. Shortcomings in the Procedural Law are identified and recommendations are made especially with regard to the alternative measures by which children can testify. Guidelines are also suggested for admissible cross-examination. New sentencing options are recommended and possible aggravating circumstances which ought to play a role during the consideration of a suitable and just sentence for sexual crimes with children are suggested. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.D.