Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, 2005. / "June 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-126). Also available electronically via the Australian Digital Theses Program.

Depuis quelques années, d'importants efforts ont été réalisés sur l'amélioration de la performance énergétique des bâtiments qui représentent le premier poste de consommation énergétique en France. Les exigences de la nouvelle réglementation thermique 2012 illustrent bien ces évolutions avec une consommation conventionnelle d'énergie primaire comprenant l'ensemble des postes (chauffage, climatisation, éclairage, ventilation, eau chaude sanitaire), déduction faite de l'électricité produite sur place, qui devra être inférieure à 50 kWh.m2.an-1 d'énergie primaire. La réponse à cette nouvelle exigence se fera par l'adoption de technologies constructives conduisant à une consommation pour le chauffage équivalente aux constructions dites « passives » (environ 15 kWh.m2.an-1) et dont le recours à la climatisation est limité voir inexistant. Il s'agit pour cela de limiter toutes les contributions à l'échauffement du bâtiment et éventuellement de lui adjoindre un système de rafraichissement à coefficient de performance élevé. Après avoir montré par l'exemple qu'un bâtiment à ossature à faible inertie en métropole, par sa capacité de stockage thermique limitée, est prédisposé à des problèmes de surchauffe, nous avons construit cette thèse autour de deux axes d'amélioration, dédiés aux constructions à ossature, que sont : - La limitation des charges solaires transmises au travers de l'enveloppe en faisant appel à une spécificité des constructions à ossature qu'est la présence d'un espace naturellement ventilé en sous-face du parement extérieur que nous utiliserons afin d'extraire une partie des charges solaires incidentes; - Le couplage de ces bâtiments « légers » à un échangeur air/masse qui contient l'inertie nécessaire au maintien des conditions de confort estivales lorsque la réduction de température nocturne le permet. Basée sur une approche numérique et expérimentale en vrai grandeur et en conditions réelles, nous proposons d'aborder tour à tour chacune de ces stratégies d'amélioration du confort qui trouvent leurs applications aussi bien en climat chaud et sec qu'en climat tropical. / Building sector is the most important energy consumer in France, and one of the field where there is the highest potential for improvement. In recent years, building energy consumption has been the subject of continuously up-dated regulations aimed at reducing its impact. As an example, the latest national thermal regulation (RT 2012) makes it compulsory to respect the limits previously introduced by RT 2005 as a voluntary label, corresponding to the definition of guil{Low energy consumption buildings} (BBC); in order to get such a label, a building should have a primary energy consumption lower than 50 kWh.m2.an-1, calculated by making a balance between consumptions (heating, cooling, domestic hot water, lighting, ventilation) and local electricity production. In order to respond to this new requirement, appropriate architectural and technological solutions have to be used. As a results, heating needs should be limited to approximately 15 kWh.m2.an-1 - by improving the building insulation or by adopting passive solar techniques - and summer thermal comfort should be achieved with a minimum primary energy waste. Therefore, internal heat gains and external solar transmission must be limited and, if necessary, low energy cooling systems could be used. In the present work, we firstly studied the case of a low thermal inertia building. The simulation results show that this construction typology is subject to uncomfortable temperature swing. Afterwards, two propositions leading to the improvement of summer thermal comfort were developed. The first, dedicated to warm and humid climates, consists in limiting solar transmission through the wall by using a gap, generally integrated in a timber frame structure, to eliminate part of the absorbed heat by means of natural ventilation. Then, the increase of the building thermal inertia through the association of an air/mass storage system was assessed, which is especially suitable in warm and dry climates. Both propositions were based both on numerical studies and on experimentation performed on a full-scale test rig installed at CSTB (Scientific and Technical Centre for Building research).

No description available.

A aplicação do bambu como elemento estrutural é comum em muitos países da Ásia e da América do Sul, ainda que com diferentes metodologias construtivas. Apesar de algumas espécies, como a bambu Mosô (Phyllostachys Pubescens) utilizada neste trabalho, possuírem excelentes propriedades mecânicas, sua difusão como elemento construtivo esbarra na dificuldade de se conceber sistemas de ligação eficientes entre os elementos estruturais. Uma vez que as ligações são o ponto frágil da estrutura, o colapso da estrutura pode ocorrer com o elemento estrutural ainda intacto. Este trabalho buscou avaliar a influência do sistema de ligação no desempenho estrutural de treliças planas executadas com três diferentes sistemas de ligação, sujeitas a condições de carregamento semelhantes. Ao comparar as resistências obtidas em ensaios de caracterização: compressão (41 MPa), tração (146 MPa) e cisalhamento (10 MPa), com as tensões solicitantes nas barras das treliças no momento do colapso, verificou-se que as propriedades mecânicas do bambu foram subutilizadas, uma vez que o colapso das estruturas ensaiadas teve início invariavelmente nas ligações. / The use of bamboo as structural element is a reality in many countries in Asia and South America, even with different building methodologies. Although some bamboo species, as Moso (Phyllostachys Pubescens) have excellent mechanical properties, its diffusion as a building element conflicts with the difficulty on conceiving efficient connection systems between structural elements. Given that joints are the weak point of the structure, collapse may occur even when the structural element is intact. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of connection systems on the structural performance of plan trusses built with three different connection systems subjected to similar load conditions. By comparing the strengths obtained on the characterization tests of compression (41 MPa), tension (146 MPa) and shear (10 MPa) to the acting stresses on the truss bars in the moment of collapse, it was noted that bamboo mechanical properties were underused, once the collapse of the tested structures always started by the connections.

Theme of diploma thesis is a Heavy wooden frame in apartment development. The thesis is concerned with a proposal of residential building project, which has the possibility of accommodation for people in rural areas near larger city. This is a residential building with 3 storeys. The first floor is completely wheelchair friendly and there is a flat for the disabled (1+kc). In the first and second floor is placed 7 flats (3x 1+kc, 2x 2+kc, 2x 3+kc). On the third floor there are two flats (4+kc) with entry to the terrace. Building is placed on the base zone and footing. The structural system is consists of a heavy wooden frame. The ceiling structure consists of wood joists anchored into girder frame. In the building there is a flat walkable roof in place of terrace of the apartment on the third floor, otherwise is roof construction consisting of slanting roof with wooden roof truss.

Purpose: In this project work, the purpose is to perform an LCA as well as an LCC on two concept preschools, one with a wooden frame and one with a concrete frame. The result from the LCA is going to highlight, which of the building frames have the lowest environmental impact. In addition to the environmental impact, the project work  is going to include indoor climate together with energy use to get a broader view of the building’s overall performance. Method: This project work is in collaboration with Futurum Fastigheter i Örebro AB, where the authors have been instructed to perform an LCA on two concept preschools. One preschool has a wooden frame and the other has a concrete frame. The objective is to find out which of the buildings has the largest environmental footprint. In addition to this, the authors have evaluated an LCC together with an additional value tool. There are many tools to analyze the consequences from an environmental as well as an economic perspective. The report includes an LCA, LCC and an additional value tool. Result: The results show that the impact on CO2e/m2 for Bettorp was lower than Silva. Furthermore, the comparison between both preschools illustrated that Bettorp had lower emissions in all greenhouse categories except for carbon storage. The additional value tool portrays positive values for each preschool, although they differ. Conclusion: With the help of the software "One Click LCA" and "Visualisering och kvantifiering av mervärden vid energieffektivisering i offentlig sektor", the questionnaire has been answered and they all point to the wooden frame having a less environmental impacts along with a lower social cost of coal. The additional value tool was answered with the help of three employees at Futurum Fastigheter i Örebro AB. One of the participants concluded that there was no difference with regard to additional value between the preschools. The other two participants agreed that the preschool with a wooden frame provided a higher additional value compared to the other preschool.