Tidigare forskning har fokuserat på emotionellt arbete i form av bland annat "surface och deep acting", emotionell dissonans och kundinteraktioner. Denna studie ämnade besvara frågeställningen: Har ålder respektive yrkeserfarenhet samband med en SJ AB anställds grad av emotionellt arbete i kundkontakter? Urvalet bestod av 65 anställda från ett flertal SJ Resebutiker i Sverige. Resultat visade att äldre anställda och anställda med längre yrkeserfarenhet hade ett starkare samband med krav och välmående på arbetet. Detta visar att det alltså är de som klarar emotionellt arbete bättre. I denna studie hade rollagerande en stor betydelse för de anställda. En kvalitativ studie skulle eventuellt kunna ge ett annorlunda och mer komplext resultat mot vad denna kvantitativa studie gjort.

Uppsatsens syfta är att förmedla den syn på farmaceuters arbetsliv som förmedlas av mina informanter vilka alla tjänstgjort på apotek i mer än 25 år. Metoden som jag använt vid mina intervjuer består av anteckningar under 80-120 minuters samtal som sedan direkt skrivits ut av mig. Tre av mina informanter är apotekare och två är receptarier. Fyra påbörjade sin utbildning direkt efter studentexamen medan en arbetade i många år som apotekstekniker innan hon blev receptarie. För tre av mina informanter som är pensionärer började arbetslivet på apotek före det statliga monopolet 1970/1971 och de beskriver den tid då apotekaryrket fortfarande hade karaktären av ett skrå. De två andra började sitt yrkesliv under monopolets tid men har nu efter 2010 fått nya arbetsuppgifter. Avmonopoliseringen har inneburit en förändring i apotekens tjänster och varusortiment men också lett till nya uppgifter för farmaceuter inom sjuk-och hälsovården. Kommer apotek att finnas kvar i framtiden eller förvandlas de till en butik för hälso-och hygienprodukter ? / The pupose of this study is to describe the work experience of five pharmacists during a period of more than 25 years. I have made interviews of 80 -120 minutes duration and I have written down the result immediately after the end of the conversation. Three of the pharmacists have a Master of Pharmacy degree and two are Bachelor of Pharmacy. Four of the participants started their pharmaceutical studies directlyg after high school but one of the five was working as a pharmaceutical technician for many years before she was offered an academic education. Three of my informants are retired. They started their working carriers before 1970/1971 (the years of the Swedish state monopole of Pharmacy) and they describe that the pharmacy was organized as a craft-guild. The other two are still working and they have got new carriers after 2010 when the state monopole in Sweden ended. Do the Pharmcies in Sweden have a future or are they developing inte an American drugstore?

How to increase the extent of sales competency and growth need strength of salespeople would affect individual or organizational performance strongly. This study intends correlating compensation structure with salespeople¡¦s job performance. In this study compensation structure is independent variables, job performance is dependent variables, the distributive equity is a mediator. Besides, we defined the working experience and sales competency as a moderator between the compensation structure and distributive equity, and growth need strength is defined as moderator between the distributive equity and job performance. The subjects of this study are 548 salespeople of a department store in Kaohsiung. This research used the questionnaires. The data were analyzed by reliability analysis, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis to discuss the relationships between compensation structure, distributive equity and job performance for salespeople. Besides, the mediating effect of distributive equity and the moderating effect of work experience, sales competency and growth need strength are also discussed. The findings of the study are as follows. (1) Job-based pay correlates positively with the internal equity perception; skill-based pay and performance-based pay correlates positively with the external equity perception. (2) The internal equity perception correlates positively and significantly with working efficiency and attitude, individual equity perception also has significantly positive correlation with job involvement and performance. (3) Mediating effect of distributive equity perception is not significant. (4) Working experience cannot generate moderating effect between compensation structure and distributive equity. (5) Correlation of job-based, skill-based and performance-based pay determined by sales competence and compensation structure creates intervention on perception of both external and internal equity. (6) Growth need strength and perception of external and internal equity under distribution equity also cause intervention on involvement in and performance of work. According to the results, we offer the following suggestions: (1) For retail counters, compensation structure and employees¡¦ distribution equity perception should be highly regarded. Furthermore, strategies of recruitment should be enhanced, and a comprehensive system of on-job training shall be established in order to improve employees¡¦ performance. (2) For salespeople at the retail counters, they should strengthen their competitiveness, understand the meaning of working as a salespeople, develop a correct attitude towards serving customers, and stick to the customer-oriented concept.

Detta arbete har haft som syfte att undersöka vilka orsaker som ligger bakom valet att avbryta sina studier i förtid vid sjökaptensprogrammet, samt att kartlägga problemområden som upplevs av de studenter som valt att avsluta sina studier i förtid. Arbetet har även syftat till att undersöka huruvida anledningarna skiljer sig från tidigare forskning av ämnet. Av särskilt intresse var praktikperioden och dess inverkan för studieavhopp. För att undersöka fenomenet närmare har en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer använts. Respondenterna valdes ut från en och samma klass av sjökaptensprogrammet med ingångsår 2012 för att få undersökningen så tidsmässigt relevant som möjligt. Intervjuerna har fokuserats runt förbestämda teman, vilka tidigare forskning har identifierat som avgörande faktorer som leder till avhopp. Resultatet visar att beslut om studieavhopp uppstår som en kombination av flera faktorer, och är mycket sällan resultatet av en enskild faktor. Stickprovet som undersöktes var homogen med yrkesgruppen fartygsbefäl i resten av landet och även med sina före detta klasskamrater. Utbildningen beskrevs med positiva ordalag och det sociala nätverket ansågs verka skyddande. Praktiken har visat sig vara betydelsefull i beslutet, särskilt då verkligheten ombord kolliderar med studentens förskönade bild om livet till sjöss, och var ofta den utlösande faktorn i beslutet om avhopp samband med en negativ framtidstro och ett bristande intresse för yrket. / This study aims to examine underlying causes in cases of dropout from the Master mariner programme, as well as mapping out problem areas for those students who choose to drop out. The study also aims to examine whether these causes differ from previous research in the area. Of particular interest is the role work experience plays in the decision to drop out. In order to examine the subject further a qualitative method has been used and semi structured interviews have been held with respondents from a single year commencing their studies in 2012 in order for the study to be as relevant as possible. Interviews have focused around pre-determined themes, which previous research has concluded to be of importance. Results show dropout as a result of a combination of factors, and very rarely is a single factor significant enough to describe the phenomena. The sample group was homogenous to the larger population of Officers in the Swedish merchant navy, as well as to their previous class mates. The course was described in positive terms and the social network around a student was often a protective factor. Work experience is shown to be of vital importance when a student considers dropping out, especially when reality collide with the students´own glorified expectations of life at sea. This together with a negative view on future work prospects and a general lack of interest in shipping was commonly reason for dropping out.

Syftet med studien var att vid två mättillfällen, år 2012 och år 2014, undersöka hur tandhygienister och tandläkare i en region i södra Sverige upplevde sitt arbete och arbetsplats ur ett salutogent perspektiv samt om fysiska och psykiska krav påverkade hur nöjda de var med sitt arbete. För att undersöka de hälsofrämjande resurserna användes Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS). Totalt erbjöds 486 individer inom Folktandvården att delta i den webbaserade enkätstudien, ett konsekutivt urval där endast tandhygienister och tandläkare som svarade båda åren deltog i analysen (n=72). Resultatet rapporterade generellt höga värden i upplevelsen av arbete och arbetsplats. Statistisk signifikant skillnad i WEMS noterades med fler positiva svar år 2012 (p<0,001). Det skilde mest i medel indexvärde i WEMS kategorin “ledarskap” (p<0,013). En signifikant korrelation mellan positiva svar i WEMS och positiva svar gällande nöjdhet med arbetstillfredsställelse och arbetsmiljö. Över 80 % ansågs sig nöjda med arbetstillfredsställelse och arbetsmiljö i förhållande till fysiska och psykiska krav vid båda mättillfällena. Slutsats är att under en tvåårsperiod försämrades upplevelsen av arbete och arbetsplats bland tandhygienister och tandläkare i en region i Sverige. Majoriteten ansåg sig nöjda med förhållanden mellan arbetstillfredsställelse och arbetsmiljö och fysiska och psykiska krav. / The aim with this study was, at two occasions, year 2012 and 2014, examine how dental hygienist and dentist in a specific region in south of Sweden experience their work and workplace from a salutogenic approach, and if physical and psychological requirements effects their satisfaction with work. To systematically examine the health promoting resources at the workplace the Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS) was used. A total of 486 dental staff in public dentistry was invited to participate to the web based survey, a consecutive selection of dental hygienist and dentist who answered both year was selected to the data analysis (n=72). The result generally reported high values ​​in the experience of work and workplace. Statistically significant difference in WEMS was noted with more positive responses in 2012 (p<0,001). The WEMS category with the most difference in mean was “leadership” (p<0.013). A significant correlation between positive WEMS answers and positive answers concerning job satisfaction and working environment. Over 80 % considered themself satisfied in correlation to the physical and psychological requirements at their workplace. In conclusion, during a two year follow up, the experience of work and workplace deteriorated among dental hygienists and dentists in a region in Sweden. The majority felt satisfied with the relationships between job satisfaction and working environment with physical and psychological requirements.

The thesis examines and analyses the high employment of students of universities as it has become a new trend in education recently. Training for the future profession is not concerned with the studies only but the work experience is involved as well. This thesis examines reasons of this trend and also its influence on students and the future ability of graduates to succeed in seeking job on the labour market. The theoretical part applies to the definition of the initial education which is confronted with reality due to empirical data obtained from the survey focused on working students.

The primary purpose of this study was to test the theory of experiential learning by measuring to what extent work experience predicts the work ethic characteristics of students in baccalaureate nursing programs at three regional universities in Texas, including Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Tarleton State University in Stephenville, and West Texas A&M University in Canyon. Work experience is the amount full-time or part-time on-the-job experience. Work ethic attributes are referred to as considerate, ambitious, dependable, and cooperative. Results generated in this study failed to reject the null hypotheses, which means that work experience, does not provide evidence of the ability to predict the development of work ethic characteristics in baccalaureate nursing students who participated in this research study. Knowledge generated in this study provided alternative directions for future research with respect to the relationship between work experiences and work ethic characteristics in nursing students. Such research may be useful to nursing educators and trainers in the design and delivery phases of the educational process for nurses.

The purpose of this study is to present the basic facts and principles involved in the organization and administration of the cooperative part-time training program in the public schools of Tulsa, Oklahoma.

The problem for this study is to determine those work experiences which are of value to prospective teachers of industrial arts. In making this study the following factors are of prime importance: (1) In what types of shops will the new teachers be expected to work? (2) What units are taught in each of the different types of shop? (3) What is the grade level of children to be taught in each type of shop? (4) Which types of work experience will be of value to a teacher in the various divisions of shop instruction?

Revisorer är en av grupperna som orsakar förväntningsgapet eftersom de ibland misslyckas med att identifiera sina ansvarsområden. Finansiella skandaler har på ett negativt sätt påverkat det förtroende företagens intressenter har för revisionen. Ett ökat förtroende kan bland annat resultera i en mer effektiv kapitalmarknad, som ett resultat av en ökad tillit till revisionen.  Tidigare studier har undersökt om revisionsutbildning som riktats mot allmänheten har en påverkan på förväntningsgapet. Om yrkeserfarenhet inom revision påverkar revisorernas del av förväntningsgapet, har inte studerats i en vidare omfattning. Till följd av finansiella skandaler har det visat sig att det existerar ett misslyckande bland revisorer, eftersom de till fullo inte är medvetna om sina ansvarsområden. Avsikten med studien är att undersöka om yrkeserfarenhet påverkar det här misslyckandet och därmed bidra till ett relativt outforskat område inom förväntningsgapet En kvantitativ studie genomfördes med enkäter som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultatet indikerar att svenska revisorer har en god kännedom, men inte är fullt medvetna om sina ansvarsområden. Resultatet visar dock att det med statistisk signifikans inte går att bekräfta att revisorers misslyckande påverkas av yrkeserfarenhet. / Auditors are one of the groups causing the audit expectation gap since they sometimes fail to identify their areas of responsibility. Financial scandals have negatively affected the trust that the companies’ stakeholders have for audit reports. An increased trust can, among others, result in a more effective capital market, as a result from increased trust to the audit report. Previous studies have examined whether or not audit education directed at the public has an effect on the audit expectation gap. Whether or not the work experience of auditors has an effect on the audit expectation gap have not been studied to a great extent. Following financial scandals, there have been shown to be a failure among auditors, since they are not fully aware of their areas of responsibility. The aim of the study is to examine whether or not work experience affect this failure, and thereby contribute to a relatively unexplored field, within the audit expectation gap. A quantitative study was conducted using questionnaires to collect data. The result indicates that Swedish auditors are generally knowledgeable, but not fully aware of their areas of responsibility. However, the result shows no statistical evidence that indicates that failure of the auditor is affected by work experience.