Modern users carry mobile devices with them at nearly all times, and this likely has contributed to the rapid growth of private user data—such as emails, photos, and more—stored online in the cloud. Unfortunately, the security of many cloud services for user data is lacking, and the vast amount of user data stored in the cloud is an attractive target for adversaries. Even a single compromise of a user’s account yields all its data to attackers. A breach of an unencrypted email account gives the attacker full access to years, even decades, of emails. Ideally, users would encrypt their data to prevent this. However, encrypting data at rest has long been considered too difficult for users, even technical ones, mainly due to the confusing nature of managing cryptographic keys. My thesis is that strong security can be made easy to use through client-side encryption using self-generated per-device cryptographic keys, such that user data in cloud services is well protected, encryption is transparent and largely unnoticeable to users even on multiple devices, and encryption can be used with existing services without any server-side modifications. This dissertation introduces a new paradigm for usable cryptographic key management, Per-Device Keys (PDK), and explores how self-generated keys unique to every device can enable new client-side encryption schemes that are compatible with existing online services yet are transparent to users. PDK’s design based on self-generated keys allows them to stay on each device and never leave them. Management of these self-generated keys can be shown to users as a device management abstraction which looks like pairing devices with each other, and not any form of cryptographic key management. I design, implement, and evaluate three client-side encryption schemes supported by PDK, with a focus on designing around usability to bring transparent encryption to users. First, I introduce Easy Email Encryption (E3), a secure email solution that is easy to use. Usersstruggle with using end-to-end encrypted email, such as PGP and S/MIME, because it requires users to understand cryptographic key exchanges to send encrypted emails. E3 eliminates this key exchange by focusing on storing encrypting emails instead of sending them. E3 transparently encrypts emails on receipt, ensuring that all emails received before a compromise are protected from attack, and relies on widely-used TLS connections to protect in-flight emails. Emails are encrypted using self-generated keys, which are completely hidden from the user and do not need to be exchanged with other users, alleviating the burden of users having to know how to use and manage them. E3 encrypts on the client, making it easy to deploy because it requires no server or protocol changes and is compatible with any existing email service. Experimental results show that E3 is compatible with existing IMAP email services, including Gmail and Yahoo!, and has good performance for common email operations. Results of a user study show that E3 provides much stronger security guarantees than current practice yet is much easier to use than end-to-end encrypted email such as PGP. Second, I introduce Easy Secure Photos (ESP), an easy-to-use system that enables photos tobe encrypted and stored using existing cloud photo services. Users cannot store encrypted photos in services like Google Photos because these services only allow users to upload valid images such as JPEG images, but typical encryption methods do not retain image file formats for the encrypted versions and are not compatible with image processing such as image compression. ESP introduces a new image encryption technique that outputs valid encrypted JPEG files which are accepted by cloud photo services, and are robust against compression. The photos are encrypted using self-generated keys before being uploaded to cloud photo services, and are decrypted when downloaded to users’ devices. Similar to E3, ESP hides all the details of encryption/decryption and key management from the user. Since all crypto operations happen in the user’s photo app, ESP requires no changes to existing cloud photo services, making it easy to deploy. Experimental results and user studies show that ESP encryption is robust against attack techniques, exhibits acceptable performance overheads, and is simple for users to set up and use. Third, I introduce Easy Device-based Passwords (EDP), a password manager with improvedsecurity guarantees over existing ones while maintaining their familiar usage models. To encrypt and decrypt user passwords, existing password managers rely on weak, human-generated master passwords which are easy to use but easily broken. EDP introduces a new approach using self-generated keys to encrypt passwords, and an easy-to-use pairing mechanism to allow users to access passwords across multiple devices. Keys are not exposed to users and users do not need to know anything about key management. EDP is the first password manager that secures passwords even with untrusted servers, protecting against server break-ins and password database leaks. Experimental results and a user study show that EDP ensures password security with untrusted servers and infrastructure, has comparable performance to existing password managers, and is considered usable by users.

隨著時代的變遷，商業盛行，全世界的企業都很清楚了解到必須靈活運用經濟學的「比較利益法則」，才可以讓企業本身創造出成本極小化與利潤極大化的空間。美國密西根大學Ross Business School知名的教授C.K. Prahalad也提出「N＝1，R＝G」的觀念，證實了「全球化」在現今的確是一股讓我們不容忽視的力量與演進。 伴隨「全球化」而來的便是「在地化」所面臨的問題，這一點在過去傳統的實體產業中，國際企業已經對於在地化的策略有很深入的剖析與研究，但是由於時代的演進快速，現今商業市場最大，最具發展潛力的產業，儼然已經變成虛擬的網路資訊產業了。因此過去學者所研究的在地化策略是否在網路資訊產業中會有不同的地方？國際企業於在地化時，實體產業需要注意的地方會和虛擬的網路資訊產業相同或是相異？而網路資訊產業中的國際企業又應該如何制定在地化策略？針對國際企業的大舉入侵，本土產業是否有和抵抗其在地化的策略？這些問題在過去並無針對網路資訊產業做探討，因此本研究將以吳思華教授提出的策略三構面為研究架構基礎，針對網路資訊產業設計出新的研究架構與研究問題，研究問題分別為：（1）為了克服在地化的劣勢，國際企業如何爭取在地市場上的競爭力？（2）國際企業如何結合本身全球化的優勢與在地市場的競爭力？（3）國際企業達到全球在地化的關鍵成功因素為何？ 最後藉由次級資料的蒐集以及實地訪談在網路資訊產業中最具指標性的三家公司（Google、YAHOO!、愛情公寓）之一手資料，透過質性研究的方式，分析整理出以下研究結論，包括有在地市場環境的了解與掌握、網路位置的定位與連結整合在地資源、彈性策略、以及重新鍵結的在地策略…等。 / As time goes by, global commercial has been developed into a new stage. Businesses around the world now understand that the Law of Comparative Advantage must be used correctly to create the cost minimization and maximize their profits. Professor C.K. Prahalad, renowned professor in Ross Business School at the University of Michigan who developed a theory of “N=1, R=G”, restated that “Globalization” is indeed an invincible force in the new age. The topic of “Globalization” comes with the issue of “Localization”. In the past, localization business strategy has been analyzed and studied in depth for the traditional industry. Due to the rapid evolution of global business, the greatest business opportunities now lie in the virtual world of information and internet. Now the question is, are there any differences in the localization strategy of the traditional business and those of the information and internet industry? When traditional international enterprises develop their localization strategy, is it any different than the localization strategy of international information and internet businesses? How do international enterprises develop localization strategy in information and internet industry? How do local companies develop their best strategies to fight against the penetration of international enterprises? These issues are not discussed in depth in the information and internet industry in the past. This study is based on the Professor Wu’s theory, “Three dimensions of strategy”. This is redesigned in a new structure and, additionally, a set of innovative research questions. The research questions are: (1) In order to overcome the disadvantages in local market, how does international enterprise develop business strategies to gain the competitive advantages in a new market? (2) How do international enterprises combine their global competitive advantages with the special local market condition? (3) What are the key successful factors of “glocalization” for international enterprise? With the second-hand data collecting, and the first-hand information gathering by interviewing three representative companies (Google, YAHOO!, iPart) in information and internet industry, I developed the research conclusions through the qualitative research method which include the understanding and overall control of international enterprises in local market, the right positioning of the international enterprises in the internet and information industry, the integration of the global advantages and the local resources, flexible international business strategy, and recontextualization of local strategy…etc.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Tavares2.pdf: 1287442 bytes, checksum: 7f5aa84748d1a824abe72b2b6940ffe2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-09 / The work analyzes the media in the context of the Internet and outlines new methodologies for the study area in filtering meanings in the scientific realm of information flows from social networks, news media or any other device that allows storage and retrieval of structured information and unstructured. In an attempt to reflect on the ways that these information flows and develop mainly in the volume produced, the project scales the fields of meanings that this relationship appears in the theories and practices of research. The aim of this study is to contextualize the media area within a changing and dynamic reality that is the environment of the internet and make parallel before the applications already successful in other areas. With the method of case study three cases were analyzed under two conceptual keys to Web Sphere Analysis and the Web Science reflecting the opposing information systems in the discursive and structural aspect. This way observes what the Media has earned in order to view its objects of study in the environment of internet networks for these prospects. The research result shows that it is a challenge to the researcher Media seek new learning, but the feedback information in a collaborative environment that the Internet presents is fertile ground for research path, for data modeling wins analytical corpus when the set of tools promoted and driven by technology allows isolating contents and allows deepening the meanings and relationships. / O trabalho desenvolvido analisa a Comunicação Social no contexto da internet e delineia novas metodologias de estudo para a área na filtragem de significados no âmbito científico dos fluxos de informação das redes sociais, mídias de notícias ou qualquer outro dispositivo que permita armazenamento e acesso a informação estruturada e não estruturada. No intento de uma reflexão sobre os caminhos, que estes fluxos de informação se desenvolvem e principalmente no volume produzido, o projeto dimensiona os campos de significados que tal relação se configura nas teorias e práticas de pesquisa. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é contextualizar a área da Comunicação Social dentro de uma realidade mutável e dinâmica que é o ambiente da internet e fazer paralelos perante as aplicações já sucedidas por outras áreas. Com o método de estudo de caso foram analisados três casos sob duas chaves conceituais a Web Sphere Analysis e a Web Science refletindo os sistemas de informação contrapostos no quesito discursivo e estrutural. Assim se busca observar qual ganho a Comunicação Social tem no modo de visualizar seus objetos de estudo no ambiente das internet por essas perspectivas. O resultado da pesquisa mostra que é um desafio para o pesquisador da Comunicação Social buscar novas aprendizagens, mas a retroalimentação de informação no ambiente colaborativo que a internet apresenta é um caminho fértil para pesquisa, pois a modelagem de dados ganha corpus analítico quando o conjunto de ferramentas promovido e impulsionado pela tecnologia permite isolar conteúdos e possibilita aprofundamento dos significados e suas relações.

根據調查台灣網路的使用已相當普及，並且瀏覽網路新聞已成為民眾主要的網路使用行為之一，此外網友在觀看線上新聞時，「Yahoo!奇摩新聞」的使用量高居新聞網站之首，在網路世界的影響力不容小覷。過去多數的相關研究主要針對「傳統媒體所支援的新聞網站」進行調查，本研究認為入口網站新聞平台仍有進一步研究的空間，並且在廣告傳播的過程中，新聞網站的點擊率與瀏覽人次影響著廠商廣告效果的評估，因此本研究以「Yahoo!奇摩新聞」作為研究對象，並以提升使用者滿意度、忠誠度為目的，探討品牌形象、網站服務品質、網站資訊品質對於滿意度與忠誠度的影響。 本研究以網路問卷的形式，在批踢踢平台進行問卷發放，共回收500份有效問卷，並根據本研究假設與架構，利用因素分析、信度分析、皮爾森相關分析、迴歸分析與ANOVA變異數分析進行假設驗證。研究結果顯示，品牌形象、網站資訊品質、網站服務品質對於使用者滿意度與忠誠度皆具有顯著影響，並且以品牌形象對滿意度與忠誠度的影響最深。此外，本研究亦驗證品牌形象與網站資訊品質、網站服務品質之間具有相互影響性。而在人口統計變項部分，本研究同樣驗證了性別、年齡、居住地、教育程度、職業、每月可支配所得會對整體研究架構產生影響。本研究額外發現，「是否曾將Yahoo!奇摩設為首頁」同樣會對整體研究產生影響。 最後根據量化的結果，本研究進行質化訪談並針對Yahoo!奇摩新聞提出三點行銷策略上的建議，如下： 1.重視不同使用者對新聞資訊的需求，提供更為客製化的新聞版面 2.嚴格挑選新聞來源，塑立專業新聞網站形象 3.增加Yahoo!奇摩的首頁設置率，以提高首頁新聞版位的曝光率

Information system of laboratory intelligent systems. A target of my masters thesis is online reservation and evidence information system of the property of laboratory Department of Intelligent Systems on the Faculty of Information Technology (DIS FIT). This system files and manages all property of the laboratory, collects detailed information (description and utilization of the property, related photos and associated documents. It makes possible to manage not only the property and in addition to it documents in electronic form as well, but it contains full-value reservation system with a possibility of entering and handling a reservations and loans for use. The system is divided to an administrator and user part. A researching program unit is a part of the system DIS FIT. It makes possible to lookup the online documents in worldwide net Internet, scilicet with minimal service of the authorized user on the basis of keywords (authors name, documents title, eventually the others) and it makes possible to store documents direct into the systems database.

Scientific web portal generátor. The entire project, whose part this dissertation is, consists of the users interface GUI, the processes' communication, the softwares communication with a user and of the script for automatic parsering the selected entity by a method of extraction the semantic information from the marked text. The last-named part is a main content of my dissertation. The dissertations objective is a script (prototype), which returns on the basis of an input XML file with names of research workers, an output XML file with URL home pages' addresses and pages' addresses with a list of publications. Great deal of my dissertation will be devoted to the first-rate test datas assembly and in the end to the profound static analysis of the resulting scripts behaviour, which I have programed. This part will survey us about the percentage fruitfulness and about the rate of the designed script. The script will be prepared for the integration into the common project.

Web2.0締造了許多創業神話與熱潮，但是往往能夠迅速火紅的網站鳳毛麟角，因此本研究以網際網路史以來使用者擴散最快的網站- YouTube做為核心個案，共12個研究個案，研究兩個問題： 1. YouTube使用者能迅速擴散、人氣起飛的原因為何？ 2. 類似的概念許多影音分享網站比YouTube先做、有的和YouTube同時做，為何是YouTube第一個吃下市場，而非所謂有先進者優勢的創新公司？網路是服務複製十分快速的產業，面對後起者的大企業挾金彈攻擊模仿，YouTube為何仍能屹立不搖？ 早在1997年，在頻寬成本都還很高的時候，ifilm就已經開始了線上影片上傳的服務，後續也推出免費上傳影片。Break(1998) 也以主打男性幽默，累積了很高的影片數量，然而當時相關環境卻還不成熟，部落格和線上相簿分享都不普遍。。在2003~ 2005年間，同時有Metacafe(2003)、Grouper(2004)、Sharkle(2004)、Vimeo (2004)、Veoh (2005)、Revver (2005)等影音分享網站各自以精緻影評、P2P、藝術取性、利潤共享等概念切入市場。從YouTube(2005.2)的成長可看到一段不斷嘗試錯誤的過程，從一開始主打美女影片概念、「你的數位儲藏庫」、「上傳、標籤並與世界分享你的影片」、最後出現富有Web2.0精神、彰顯自我的「Broadcast your self」，Slogan改了四次，使用者介面設計也有大幅的改變，程式上也對處理遽增的流量做了大量調整。 資源豐富的大公司Yahoo! 在面對YouTube的成長無所知覺，堅守影片搜尋，錯失先機；而Google雖然比YouTube早推出，但卻仍從搜尋出發，並且對使用者上傳有嚴格的限制，歷經轉型線上影片商店失敗，最後以16.5億美金收購YouTube收場(2006.11)。YouTube發展出「嵌入影片」的功能 (2005.6)，使用者以病毒式擴散，MySpace成為其流量的主要來源 (超過20%)，引發MySpace自家推出MySpace video (2006)，誓言複製一個YouTube。但YouTube腳步並未因為複製而停下，隨著創意影片越來越多，持續針對使用者需求開發新功能，不斷快速設計、測試與修改，YouTube是與使用者共同開發、一同成長，成為YouTube魅力所在。 本研究發現：（一）在嶄新的產業或原創的領域中，學習對象並非專家或權威，而是市場。對於願景的堅持，不斷的針對市場修改，才是持續成長的原因。（二）連結比產能重要，應同時啟動網絡效應與間接網路效應：找到巨人的肩膀，有效利用外部資源，專注自己的核心（三）網路產業複製迅速，先進者難有優勢。優勢來自於企業能夠快速跟上環境脈動的反應力和市場觀察力。並且從利基市場出發，與使用者共同演化完整商品（四）草根策略：大量試驗以聆聽使用者的聲音，速度比正確重要，追求「夠好」而非「最好」，培養能讓創新不斷生長出來的土壤。（五）如果不能有效的輸入知識，核心能力=核心僵固。 / “Web2.0” creates lots of entrepreneur legends and becomes a new trend. But only few of the Web 2.0 websites can grow and become very popular. Therefore, this study picks “YouTube”, the fastest growing website in the Internet history as its core case, and it includes 12 study subjects in total. The two research questions are listed below. 1. Why did YouTube grow so fast? 2. The concept of video sharing which YouTube provided appeared frequently. Some of the websites started their service first; some of them did similar things at the same time. Why not the other competitors who had first mover advantage could win, but YouTube won? One of the characteristics of Internet Industry is “easy to copy”. When facing the competition of big companies which duplicate their idea and attacked with abundant resources, why did YouTube still survive? Ifilm (1997) started its online video sharing business when the cost of bandwidth was still very high. And it served online videos for free afterwards. Break (1998) featured male’s humor, attracted a large number of videos. However, the related environment was not ready. Blog and online photo sharing were not popular at that time. In 2003 to 2005, lots of similar competitors such as Metacafe (2003), Grouper(2004), Sharkle(2004), Vimeo (2004), Veoh (2005), and Revver (2005) established. Some of them used P2P technology; some of them had great editor reviews, and the others provided revenue sharing model. On the other hand, YouTube’s growth came from continuous try-and-error. It failed to be a hotties video sharing website in the begining, and then tried to be “Your Digital Repository”, “Upload, Tag and Share Your Video Worldwide”, and now positions itself as a website for “broadcast yourself” which represents the spirit of Web 2.0. The slogan of YouTube has changed for four times, and the user interface has also changed dramatically. When facing increasing users and videos, YouTube tuned their program very often as well. Yahoo! lost the timing of catching up. Because it stayed in its core capability- search. Although Google video got online a little bit earlier than YouTube, it still started from video search. Moreover, the upload policy is too strict. Google ended up with acquiring YouTube for 1.65 billion dollars after the failure of operating an online video store (2006.11). YouTube developed “Embed” feature and caused a viral spread. MySpace became its main upstream (over 20%). That made myspace build its own “MySpace video” service and vowed to duplicate a similar service as YouTube. Neverthless, YouTube was not stopped by MySpace’s reaction. As creative videos became more and more, YouTube continued developing new features to fit users’ needs. It rapidly went through the cycle of “build-design-test”. Because YouTube grew with its users, co-development with the users became its charisma. The findings are as following. (1) In a developing industry or a new field, the gurus are not experts or authorities, but are the market audience. The insistency of vision and the will to change with the market are the reasons why YouTube continues to grow. (2) Both network effect and indirect network effect should start and be used simultaneous. Linkage is more important than productivity. Take advantage of external resourses efficiently; especially take advantages of those giants in the other industry. Concentrate on company’s own core capability. (3) Because duplication happens often in the Internet industry, the first mover advantage seldom exits. The real advantage is from the ability of quick reaction and deep consumer observation. (4) Grass strategy: using a large scale testing to hear the voices of consumers. The changing speed is more important then accuracy. Pursue “good enough” solution, not “the best” one. The formation of enterprise strategy is like growing grass. The point is keeping the soil fertile and keeping it free to grow. (5) Core capability will be core rigidity if one company can not input knowledge into its organization.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Eduardo_Revisado.pdf: 3489154 bytes, checksum: 3c327ee0bc47d79cd4af46e065105650 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-29 / Text retrieved from the Internet through Google and Yahoo queries are evaluated using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, a simple assessment measure of text readability. This kind of metrics were created to help writers to evaluate their text, and recently in automatic text simplification for undercapable readers. In this work we apply these metrics to documents freely retrieved from the Internet, seeking to find correlations between legibility and relevance acknowledged to then by search engines. The initial premise guiding the comparison between readability and relevance is the statement known as Occam s Principle, or Principle of Economy. This study employs Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level in text documents retrieved from the Internet through search-engines queries and correlate it with the position. It was found a centralist trend in the texts recovered. The centralist tendency mean that the average spacing of groups of files from the average of the category they belong is meaningfull. With this measure is possible to establish a correlation between relevance and legibility, and also, to detect diferences in the way both search engines derive their relevance calculation. A subsequent experiment seeks to determine whether the measure of legibility can be employed to assist him or her choosing a document combined with original search engine ranking and if it is useful as advance information for choice and user navigation. In a final experiment, based on previously obtained knowledge, a comparison between Wikipedia and Britannica encyclopedias by employing the metric of understandability Flesch-Kincaid / Textos recuperados da Internet por interm´edio de consultas ao Google e Yahoo s ao analisados segundo uma m´etrica simples de avaliac¸ ao de inteligibilidade textual. Tais m´etricas foram criadas para orientar a produc¸ ao textual e recentemente tamb´em foram empregadas em simplificadores textuais autom´aticos experimentais para leitores inexperientes. Nesse trabalho aplicam-se essas m´etricas a texto originais livres, recuperados da Internet, para buscar correlacionar o grau de inteligibilidade textual com a relev ancia que lhes ´e conferida pelos buscadores utilizados. A premissa inicial a estimular a comparac¸ ao entre inteligibilidade e relev ancia ´e o enunciado conhecido como Princ´ıpio de Occam, ou princ´ıpio da economia. Observa-se uma tend encia centralista que ocorre a partir do pequeno afastamento m´edio dos grupos de arquivos melhor colocados no ranking em relac¸ ao `a m´edia da categoria a que pertencem. ´E com a medida do afastamento m´edio que se consegue verificar correlac¸ ao com a posic¸ ao do arquivo no ranking e ´e tamb´em com essa medida que se consegue registrar diferenc¸as entre o m´etodo de calcular a relev ancia do Google e do Yahoo. Um experimento que decorre do primeiro estudo procura determinar se a medida de inteligibilidade pode ser empregada para auxiliar o usu´ario da Internet a escolher arquivos mais simples ou se a sua indicac¸ ao junto `a listagem de links recuperados ´e ´util e informativa para a escolha e navegac¸ ao do usu´ario. Em um experimento final, embasado no conhecimento previamente obtido, s ao comparadas as enciclop´edias Brit anica eWikip´edia por meio do emprego da m´etrica de inteligibilidade Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level

根據美國Morgan Stanley公司的研究指出，以普及5,000萬名使用者為基準，廣播、電視和有線電視分別需時38年、13年和10年，而網際網路卻只用不到5年的時間，在北美就達到5,000萬名使用者規模。可見網際網路已經成為成長最快的媒體。另一方面，全球網站的數目增加速度更是驚人，由1993年6月的130個成長到1998年11月的約352萬個網站，可見網站的經營已經成為一種Business，且將蘊藏龐大的商機，因此企業在面對網站經營的新興產業生態該掌握何種關鍵資源，便成為本研究所欲探討的主題。 本研究希望藉由美國成功的網站經營業者公司之發展過程，分析出網站經營業者在不同階段的發展過程裡關鍵資源為何、其特性為何，以及如何取得這些關鍵資源。一方面，為企業管理理論注入新的生命與內涵；另一方面，可以為網際網路這個新興產業中的網站經營業者提供從創意到生產產品，到公司成長階段所需的各項關鍵資源之具體描述以及作法，引導網站經營業者在快速的環境變化中，迅速掌握關鍵資源，以在網站經營業者中搶得先機。 本研究根據網站經營業者最主要提供之服務項目或網站業者創立時之定位將網站經營業者區分為「網路內容匯集者」以及「網路內容提供者」兩種型態，並分析網站經營業者在公司發展的不同階段中，關鍵資源為何，以及各項關鍵資源之特性和取得方式。 經由個案研究以及專家訪談，本研究經過事後的歸納、整理以及推衍，本研究得出下列之重要發現： 1. 不論何種類型之網站，在整個網站經營的過程中，都需要人才、資金、市場以及互補性產業等關鍵資源。但由於網站類型不同，這些關鍵資源需要的量以及階段將有所不同。 2. 不論何種類型之網站經營業者，提供專業、品質高、成本低、時效快的互補性產業，皆為公司發展之重要關鍵因素。 3. 不論何種類型之網站經營業者，市場的大小直接影響外界資源投入的意願以及該產業的成長速度。 4. 由於國家和文化的差異，將影響網站經營業者取得關鍵資源之方式。 5. 網站經營業者公司之發展階段與一般產業有所不同，網站經營業者早期進入障礙極低；另外，發展過程有一段non-profit之階段。 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與問題 2 第三節 研究章節大要 3 第二章 文獻探討 7 第一節 網際網路網站的分類 7 第二節 公司發展階段之分類 13 第三節 公司發展階段之關鍵資源 28 第三章 網際網路簡介 55 第一節 網際網路發展史簡介 55 第二節 全球網際網路發展現況 59 一、網路發展指標介紹及定義 59 二、全球網際網路發展 62 第三節 我國網際網路發展現況 70 一、我國網際網路資訊內容發展 70 二、國內網際網路大事紀 71 第四節 網路產業發展概況 75 一、網路產業成員 75 二、網路業者演化過程 76 三、網路業者之收益來源 78 四、網路產業發展概況 78 第四章 研究方法 93 第一節 研究架構與研究變項 93 一、研究架構 93 二、研究變項 94 第二節 研究方法 96 第三節 研究個案選取與資料收集 96 第五章 個案分析 103 第一節 CNET（CNWK） 103 第二節 中時電子報 131 第三節 雅虎（YAHOO！） 152 第四節 蕃薯藤數位科技股份有限公司 180 第五節 個案分析 203 第六章 命題發展 209 第一節 網站經營業者起始階段之關鍵資源 209 第二節 網站經營業者成長階段之關鍵資源 220 第七章 結論與建議 229 第一節 命題之匯總 229 第二節 研究發現與建議 231 第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議 235 第八章 參考文獻 237 一、中文部分 237 二、英文部分 240 / Abstract A research conducted by Morgan Stanley has pointed out that it took less than five years for internet to attract more than 50 millions users. For the same user scale, it was 38 years for broadcasting, 13 years for television, and 10 years for cable television. Without no doubt, internet has been the fastest growing media in this century. In the meantime, the amount of website increased even more dramatically in the last several years. The amount of web was 130 in June 1993, and was 3.52 millions in November 1998. The start-up of website has become a new business model, and could be foresee to have a great potential in the future. The focus of this research is to examine what is key resources in managing website business in such a new industrial environment. By examining the cases of successful website companies’ development process, this research analyzes what are the key resources in different development phases, what are their characteristics, and how to attain those key resources. On the one hand, this research wish it could bring some contributions to management theory in the understanding of internet industries, on the other hand, it intends to offer some insights about the key resources in different development phases for internet business manager. Based on the industrial environment and research described above, the research topics are as follow: 1. What are the key resources of the development of the website companies in different phases? 2. What are the characteristic of these key resources? 3. How do these website companies acquire the key resources they need? According to the services the website companies have provided, and the positioning the websites were founded, this research distinguish the website companies into two categories: “internet content accumulator” and “internet content provider”. In this research two kind of websites’ key resources, their main characteristics, and ways of acquirement have been examined separately. By conducting case studies and interviews, the research found that out of the differences in business models and the contents they provide, different kind of websites require different key resources in their development process. In addition, key resources in different development phases are diverse as well. The hypotheses of the research are as follow: Hypothesis 1: In the commencing phase of website company, key human capitals the content providers (in this research, they are originally traditional media companies.) require are more diversified than that of the content accumulator. Hypothesis 1-1: In the commencing phase of website company, the key resources in human capitals the content providers require are network technology, content production, and relevant management skills. Hypothesis 1-2: In the commencing phase of website company, the key resource in human capital the content providers require is network technology. Hypothesis 2: In the commencing phase of website company, the capital investment the content providers require is higher than the content accumulator. Hypothesis 2-1: In the commencing phase of website company, the investment of venture capital which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is one of the most decisive resources for content providers. Hypothesis 2-2: In the commencing phase of website company, the capital investment is not crucial for the portal websites of content accumulator. Hypothesis 3: In the commencing phase of website company, the decisive reason for the website company to devote the market is the scale of potential market, rather than that of existing market. Hypothesis 4: In the commencing phase of website company, the maturity of complementary industries is the key resource for the success of both two kinds of website companies. Hypothesis 5: In the commencing phase of website company, the investment of venture capital which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is one of the most decisive resources for content providers. Hypothesis 6: For both kinds of website companies, the young and dynamic-oriented CEO with technological and managerial background is the key resource in the grow phase of development. Hypothesis 7: For both kinds of website companies, the ability/opportunity to acquire capital in public capital market is one of the key resources in the grow phase of development. Hypothesis 8: In the grow phase of website companies, the investment of venture capital which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is one of the most decisive resources for content accumulator, Hypothesis 9: For both kinds of website companies, the scale of existing market is the significant factor for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development. Hypothesis 10: For both kinds of website companies, the maturity of complementary industries is the decisive factor for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development. Hypothesis 10-1: For both kinds of website companies, the maturity of advertising agency which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is the key resource for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development. Hypothesis 10-2: For both kinds of website companies, the maturity of content, product, or service providers which are defined as the complementary industries of internet industry is the decisive factor for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development. Hypothesis 10-3: For both kinds of website companies, the maturity of public capital market which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is the decisive factor for the speedy development of website company in the grow phase of development. Hypothesis 10-4: In the grow phase of website companies, the investment of venture capital which is defined as one of the complementary industries of internet industry is one of the most decisive resources for content accumulator. After detailed discussions in the research, we have come to some conclusions: 1. For all kind of websites, the key resources for the start-up and development include human resource, capital investment, market, and complementary industry. But the timing and the ways and amount of using those resources are diverse. 2. For all kind of website companies, the complementary industries which are able to offer professional, high-quality, low-cost, and time-effective products or services are the decisive factors for the start-up and development of website companies. 3. For all kind of website companies, the scale of the market directly affects the incentive for external resource devotion and the speed of the industry’s grow. 4. The website companies’ ways of resources acquirement are varied between national and cultural boundary. The entrant barrier of website industry is much lower than other industries. In addition, there is a non-profit phase in the development of website industry.

The World Wide Web has become a medium for people to share information. People use Web-based collaborative tools such as question answering (QA) portals, blogs/forums, email and instant messaging to acquire information and to form online-based communities. In an online QA portal, a user asks a question and other users can provide answers based on their knowledge, with the question usually being answered by many users. It can become overwhelming and/or time/resource consuming for a user to read all of the answers provided for a given question. Thus, there exists a need for a mechanism to rank the provided answers so users can focus on only reading good quality answers. The majority of online QA systems use user feedback to rank users’ answers and the user who asked the question can decide on the best answer. Other users who didn’t participate in answering the question can also vote to determine the best answer. However, ranking the best answer via this collaborative method is time consuming and requires an ongoing continuous involvement of users to provide the needed feedback. The objective of this research is to discover a way to recommend the best answer as part of a ranked list of answers for a posted question automatically, without the need for user feedback. The proposed approach combines both a non-content-based reputation method and a content-based method to solve the problem of recommending the best answer to the user who posted the question. The non-content method assigns a score to each user which reflects the users’ reputation level in using the QA portal system. Each user is assigned two types of non-content-based reputations cores: a local reputation score and a global reputation score. The local reputation score plays an important role in deciding the reputation level of a user for the category in which the question is asked. The global reputation score indicates the prestige of a user across all of the categories in the QA system. Due to the possibility of user cheating, such as awarding the best answer to a friend regardless of the answer quality, a content-based method for determining the quality of a given answer is proposed, alongside the non-content-based reputation method. Answers for a question from different users are compared with an ideal (or expert) answer using traditional Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing techniques. Each answer provided for a question is assigned a content score according to how well it matched the ideal answer. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methods, each recommended best answer is compared with the best answer determined by one of the most popular link analysis methods, Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS). The proposed methods are able to yield high accuracy, as shown by correlation scores: Kendall correlation and Spearman correlation. The reputation method outperforms the HITS method in terms of recommending the best answer. The inclusion of the reputation score with the content score improves the overall performance, which is measured through the use of Top-n match scores.