nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo tem como intuito desenvolver uma anÃlise sobre o fenÃmeno do trÃfico de drogas a partir da compreensÃo etnogrÃfica sobre as significaÃÃes das situaÃÃes vivenciadas por indivÃduos que praticam o comÃrcio de/crack/, maconha e cocaÃna em Fortaleza, CearÃ. Pretende-se analisar as informaÃÃes obtidas durante oito meses de /interaÃÃo/ com jovens envolvidos em diversas prÃticas /desviantes/ (Becker, 2008). Baseado nos registros etnogrÃficos sobre o cotidiano de ruas, praÃas, becos e terrenos perifÃricos da cidade busca-se entender as lÃgicas que permeiam os conflitos inerentes à dinÃmica do comÃrcio de drogas. Para isso, serÃo apresentadas situaÃÃes que ajudam a compreender os pontos de vista dos praticantes do comÃrcio varejista de drogas. Ressalta-se os relatos de traficantes sobre os ganhos, ameaÃas e dilemas vivenciados no contexto de prÃticas socialmente condenÃveis. Os dados etnogrÃficos expressam e traduzem as maneiras como se relacionam diferentes lÃgicas de atuaÃÃo na paisagem do trÃfico. Neste sentido, serÃo apresentadas algumas das estratÃgias do trÃfico, como acobertamento de investidas e negociaÃÃes com a polÃcia, que tiveram como objetivo o drible das medidas punitivas e o fortalecimento das prÃticas/desviantes/. / This dissertation is to develop an objective analysis of the phenomenon of drug trafficking from the ethnographic understanding of the meanings of situations experienced by individuals who practice the trade / crack /, marijuana and cocaine in Fortaleza, CearÃ. We intend to analyze the information obtained during eight months of / interaction / with youth involved in various practices / deviant / (Becker, 2008). Based on ethnographic records on everyday streets, squares, alleys and peripheral land the city we seek to understand the logic that permeate the inherent dynamics of the drug trade conflicts. For this, situations that help to understand the views of practitioners of retail drug will be presented. It is noteworthy reports of traffickers on gains, threats and dilemmas experienced in the context of socially reprehensible practices. The ethnographic data express and reflect the ways they relate different logics of action in the landscape of trafficking. In this sense, we present some of the strategies of trafficking, such as assaults and cover-up of negotiations with the police, which were aimed at the dribble of punitive measures and strengthening / deviant / practices.

A epidemia da aids afeta a vida de crianças e jovens, independentemente da presença do HIV/Aids, através do adoecimento, perda dos pais, estigma, discriminação, entre outros. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender o significado de ser órfão para jovens que perderam um ou ambos os pais em decorrência da aids e compreender os processos de estigmatização decorrentes dessa morte. Foram analisadas 19 entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com jovens órfãos, com idade entre 15 e 22 anos, residentes na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2005 e 2007. O sentido atribuído à morte e todo o ritual que a cerca é concebido como socialmente construído e a morte em decorrência da aids permeada pelo estigma que acompanha a aids desde o início da epidemia. Foram encontrados cinco significados associados à orfandade: dificuldade de falar sobre a orfandade ligada à aids; sentir falta do cuidado materno; o desafio de ser independente; não se sentir órfão e sentir tristeza em decorrência da morte. Os processos de estigmatização foram divididos em estigma sentido e efetivado e aconteceram na escola, na casa de amigos, na rua e com a namorada. Todos os relatos e cenas de estigma foram de estigma por associação, pois decorriam da causa da morte do(s) pai(s). Percebe-se que a orfandade em decorrência da aids impacta a vida dos jovens. Eles convivem com as adversidades com apoio da família, na maioria das vezes, materna. Não se conhece muito sobre os órfãos, principalmente se eles não viverem com HIV/Aids, pois os serviços de saúde perdem o contato a partir do momento que a pessoa da família que vive com aids morre. É importante que os programas de aids incorporarem as visões e as perspectivas destes jovens em seus projetos para garantir-lhes seus direitos. / The aids epidemic affects the life of children and youngs, not only because of the presence of HIV/Aids, but also because of the sickness, death of parents, stigma, discrimination, and others. This research had the main intention of understanding the meaning of being an orphan to young people that have lost one or both parents in result of aids and the stigma that is included in this process. Nineteen interviews were studied and the public included youngs between 15 and 22 years old, living in São Paulo, between 2005 and 2007. In this report, the meaning attributed to death and all the ritual involving it was concepted as social constructed and the death regarding aids was studied with the stigma that around aids since the beginning of the epidemic. It was pointed 5 issues related to orphanhood: difficulties related with speaking about parents death by AIDS; missing of mothers care; the challenges of being independent; do not feel as an orphan and feeling sadness because of death. The process of stigma was divided as felt stigma and enacted stigma and happened at school, at friends house, at the streets and with a date. All the stores and scenes of stigmas were courtesy stigma, because were related with parents death. With this report it is possible to realize that beeing an orphans in result of aids affects direct youngs living. They get used to live with adversity, family support, mainly by mothers family. Not too much is known about orphans, even less if they do not live with HIV/AIDS, because health services do not keep contact after the person in the family with AIDS dies. It is very important that aids programs includes the expectations and the way of seeing life of those people in their programs, so they can guarantee respect and theirs rights.

According to many scholars, schools are the last bastion of permitted homophobia (Beadle, 2009; Grew, 2008; as cited in Formby, 2013). Primarily using the theories of Foucault, Kristeva and Butler, the thesis uses critical theory as a means to both understand and critically analyse the construction of subjectivity within and throughout discourse in the hetero-/cis-normative institution, and how this related to the potential abjection of LGBT+ pupils. Whilst it is agreed in this thesis that LGBT+phobia is still widespread in both schools and wider society, it was found in this research that the impact of direct LGBT+phobic discrimination was less evident. Instead, the discursive spaces where LGBT+phobia had been silenced were filled with hetero-/cis-normative discourse. Concomitantly, the impact of LGBT+ invisibility, the silencing of positive discourse surrounding sexuality and the institutional rejection of performative LGBT+phobia without cultural or organisational change meant there remained a negative impact on LGBT+ young people, despite a reduction in visible LGBT+phobia (DePalma and Atkinson, 2006/2010). Through the use of short vignettes taken from a period of ethnographic research, I have used discursive reflexivity to offer an alternative discourse surrounding the LGBT+ pupil in the school. In a thesis preoccupied with language, the institutional denial of appropriate language, the lack of positive space for LGBT+ young people to construct their identity and the potential risk of abjection from the hetero-/cis-normative institution are all highlighted as points for discussion. Viewed through a critical theory lens, the exemplars used to illustrate these complex theories are chosen from 72 workshops undertaken in schools with Year Nine pupils over a the 2015 to 2016 academic year in the Merseyside region, and also from self-identified LGBT+ young people (also in Year Nine during the academic year 2015 to 2016), who were part of discussions in an LGBT+ Youth drop in based in Liverpool city centre. Intertwining academic analysis and philosophical reflection, the research finds that not only is the LGBT+ pupil abject in the school, but this abjection is threefold. It is enacted by the institution, the peer group and by the internalised LGBT+phobia of the abjected pupil. In the conclusion, it is reflected upon how the impact abjection from school continues to affect LGBT+ people into adulthood.

Schools, and in particular physical education (PE), have been increasingly recognised for the role that they play in promoting healthy, active lifestyles amongst children and young people in light of the public health agenda (Armour and Harris, 2013). However, whilst schools have been recognised for the role that they can play in promoting health to children and young people, concerns have been expressed with regard to the status of health in PE and the approaches and practices used to address health-related learning (Cale et al., 2016). A particular concern in this regard is what children and young people know and understand about health , and how they come to conceive this within PE, with a growing body of literature suggesting that pupils conceptions are relatively superficial and simplistic (see Harris et al. (2016) for an overview). Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to explore pupils conceptions of health within PE. The research was comprised of four phases which took place over an 18-month period within the East Midlands region of England. Phase one involved an online survey being distributed to all state secondary schools (n = 293) and with a total of 52 schools responding. Phase two involved semi-structured interviews being conducted with 13 PE teachers at two case study schools and focus groups with 117 pupils (aged 11-12) at the same schools. A participatory approach underpinned the study and relevant methods/techniques were employed within pupil focus groups to generate discussion and elicit pupils conceptions of health . Examples of the methods/techniques employed included: drawings, concept cartoons and statement sheets. Pupils worked interactively with one another to undertake and discuss tasks/activities in line with the youth voice agenda that underpinned the research. This agenda is often allied with participatory methods (Heath et al., 2009) and seeks to privilege the voices of younger participants, recognising that children and young people are competent social agents, capable of both understanding and articulating their own experiences (Christensen and James, 2008). Phase three involved follow-up focus groups with the same pupils who participated during the preceding phase, and a similar participatory approach was employed. Phase four involved semi-structured focus groups being conducted with the same PE teachers at each school. Data generated were analysed using a Foucauldian-inspired discourse analysis. The findings of the study highlight that the vast majority of pupils conceptions of health were reductive, limited and limiting. These conceptions of health were identified as being underpinned by: corporeal notions, aesthetic orientations and healthist influences. In addition, they aligned with normative conceptions of health , that were evidently influenced by public health discourses, which may well have been promulgated by and through PE. Whilst pupils did not necessarily consider that PE influenced their conceptions of health , there were evident links, which PE teachers themselves acknowledged and problematised. Positively, it was highlighted that there were some pupils who were able to disrupt normative conceptions of health and, in doing so, they demonstrated their capacity for criticality. As such, the challenge for PE is now to consider how it might support pupils to develop their capacities to receive, interpret and be critical of health-related information. If it can do so, it may well be that critically-inclined conceptions of health can be fostered within, through and by the subject.

The school to post-school transition has been identified as a time when young people with Additional Support Needs (ASN) need extra support. This thesis focuses on the school to post-school transition planning and preparation process for young people with ASN in Scotland. In particular, the author scrutinised the collaborative planning and preparation that takes place amongst professionals to support young people with ASN and their families during this transition. The author also examined the influence of the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 upon the process. A mixed-methods research design was used to undertake three studies. Study 1 was a national on-line survey of professionals involved in post-school transition planning and preparation. Study 2 was a longitudinal study in which professionals involved in transition planning and preparations from one local authority were interviewed at 2 time periods (2004 before the implementation of the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 and 2010). Minutes of transition meetings from both periods were also examined. Study 3 was a case study of a further education college undertaken in the same local authority as Study 2, to understand the experiences of transition planning and preparation from the perspectives of the young people with ASN who had experienced post-school transition and their families, along with school and college professionals. Participants (young people, parents and professionals) were interviewed. Visual resources were developed by the author to support the interviews with the young people. Data in all the studies were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Finally, the findings of the three studies are presented and discussed. These include the perception that transition planning and preparation has become more young person centred since the Act was introduced. Implications for policy makers, practitioners, and future research are also discussed.

Fältstudiens syfte har varit att analysera och beskriva jämställdhets effekter på den unga generationen i dagens Rwanda. Min uppsats utfördes med en kvalitativ ansats där intervjuer har varit centrala som metod för att samla in mitt material och data. Jag har intervjuat unga vuxna kvinnor som är entreprenör eller i ledare position. Mitt resultat erhålls genom deras berättelser och upplevelser om jämställdheten i Rwanda.  Rwanda har haft en stor representation av kvinnor i parlamentet vilket har i sin tur påverkat dessa unga kvinnor. Genom mina intervjuer har jag kommit fram till att Kvinnor i Rwanda tar mer plats som aldrig förr. Sammanfattningsvis har Rwanda gjort en stor skillnad för deras kvinnor. Den stora representationen av kvinnor i höga positioner har haft en bra inverkan på nästa generation och har inspirerat dem att drömma stort. Även om Rwanda har kommit långt när det gäller jämställdhet, utmaningar finns fortfarande och hela arbetet är inte gjort.

\"Geração Y\" é um tema que vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço no contexto organizacional. Com a entrada dos jovens desta geração nas empresas as discussões sobre este assunto vêm ganhando cada vez mais atenção. No entanto, existem poucos trabalhos acadêmicos publicados sobre esta questão. Em função disto, este trabalho é um estudo exploratóriodescritivo que tem por objetivo apresentar as principais características dos jovens da Geração Y que atuam em organizações complexas e apontar como os gestores conduzem estes jovens no cotidiano, aproveitando os pontos positivos e administrando as características não desejadas. Para isto, buscou-se analisar as habilidades do gestor como desenvolvedor de pessoas e o papel das ferramentas de gestão de pessoas disponibilizadas pela organização nesta condução. É importante delimitar o estudo à Geração Y que atua em organizações complexas, pois em função da desigualdade social e educacional observada em nosso país. Não é possível dizer que os resultados deste estudo abranjam todos os jovens classificados como Geração Y. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que consultou 12 organizações e abordou 19 entrevistados, abordados a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado. Durante as entrevistas, aproveitou-se para observar o ambiente de trabalho, com intuito de trazer informações adicionais para a pesquisa. Além da visão geral, o autor segmentou as empresas participantes por setor para verificar a existência de alinhamento de características que se destacam em função da especificidade do setor. As análises das entrevistas indicam que é fundamental as organizações possuírem ferramentas e ações estruturadas de Gestão de Pessoas, pois estas apoiaram os gestores na condução dos profissionais, principalmente, os da Geração Y. Além disto, a pesquisa fala da importância do gestor atuar como \"Gestor de Pessoas\" conduzindo a equipe de forma a alinhar as expectativas da organização às dos jovens profissionais. / \"Generation Y\" is a theme that is gaining more space in the organizational context. With the entry of the young people from this generation in these companies the discussions on this subject have been gaining increasing attention. However, there are few published academic papers on this issue. Because of this, this work is an exploratory descriptive study that aims to present the main characteristics of young people of Generation Y who work in complex organizations and appoint how the managers lead these young people in everyday life, taking advantage of the strengths and managing features not you want. For this, we sought to analyze the manager\'s skill as a developer of people and the role of people management tools available for organizing this drive. It is important to delimit the study to Generation Y which operates in complex organizations, as a function of social and educational inequality observed in our country. It is not possible to say that the results of this study cover all young people classified as Generation Y. It is a qualitative study which consulted 12 organizations and 19 respondents, approached from a semi-structured script. During the interviews, used to observe the work environment, aiming to provide additional information for the research. In addition to the overview, the author segmented the companies by industry participants to check the alignment of features that stand out to the specific sector. The analysis of the interviews indicate that is critical to these organizations possess tools and structured actions of Personnel Management, as they supported the managers in the conduct of professionals, especially those of Generation Y. Furthermore, the research speaks of the importance of the manager to act as \"Manager People\" leading the team to align the organization to the expectations of young professionals.

The family has been seen as playing an important part in children’s lives and their development. This is because families are seen to be the primary sources of individual development and thus should be seen as the building blocks of communities. Families serve as the main source of emotional, social and material support for most individuals. Thus, stable family environments are acknowledged to provide a fertile environment for children’s wellbeing and for them to grow up to be healthy responsible adults. Most South African children are raised by a single mother or by their maternal grandparents. Research conducted shows that South African Families face many challenges, and these challenges could be the source for high rates of absent fathers. Poverty has been identified to be one of the challenges that affect families in South Africa. Some researchers argue that poverty and inequality continue to undermine the family as an institution by reducing its effectiveness in realizing the roles of its members in society. Therefore poverty puts a burden on families and specifically on the main providers or ‘breadwinners’. Poverty in South Africa is mainly caused by lack of income, which is due to the high unemployment rates with little initiatives to reduce unemployment rates. The research was conducted qualitatively and specifically used narrative inquiry as a method of gathering data. In-depth, one-on-one narrative interviews were conducted in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the consequences of having an absent father and the strategies that young women adopted in order to deal with the consequences. Eight interviews with females aged from 18 – 21 years were conducted in Soweto. The findings reveal that the participants adopted both negative and positive coping strategies. Positive coping strategies include, creative writing, keeping a diary, maintaining a positive attitude, living a different life and speaking to others. Negative coping strategies included withdrawing from others, denial of a need of a father, self-blame, silence and defensive humor. More research is needed on how young people with absent fathers cope, paying into consideration issues of personality, culture and socialization.

Photocopy of typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Allow me to introduce you to AN ELEPHANT'S STANDING IN THERE, a whimsical story about an elephant standing in a little boy's bedroom that I wrote for my children many years ago. Though my kids have grown up themselves, I've held on to this tale because of the wonderful memories my family and I shared while reading it together. After stumbling back onto the story roughly a year ago while going through some old things, an idea popped into my head. My daughter, a lovely young lady named Kody, had heard this story many times when she was a young girl. She had also developed an exceptional talent for illustration. I thought to myself, "Wouldn't it be fun if Kody illustrated our story for other families to share?" And that, ladies and gentlemen, is exactly what we've done. From my family to yours, we sincerely hope you enjoy AN ELEPHANT'S STANDING IN THERE, the first in what Kody and I hope will be a long series of stories for children. --Scott / https://dc.etsu.edu/alumni_books/1030/thumbnail.jpg