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En litteraturbaserad studie har gjorts med analys av nio kvalitativa studier från 2005-2016. Idag överlever fler patienter med medfött hjärtfel tack vare tidig diagnostisering och förbättrade behandlingsmöjligheter. För unga vuxna mellan 13-39 år finns skilda meningar om hur de upplever sitt medfödda hjärtfel. Ett medfött hjärtfel uppstår redan i fosterstadiet, då hjärtat utvecklas. Ungefär en procent av världens barn föds varje dag med ett medfött hjärtfel. En tredjedel av hjärtfelen är varken i behov av operation eller behandling. Hjärtfelet kan förändras över tid vilket gör att uppföljning under livets gång är viktig. Tidigare har det inte varit möjligt för unga vuxna med medfött hjärtfel att växa upp, vilket gör att vuxensjukvården fått en ny patientgrupp. Det gör att det saknas kunskap om vad som kommer vänta de unga vuxna i framtiden. Dessutom har allmänsjuksköterskan inte en traditionell utbildning inom området, trots det kan allmänsjuksköterskan möta den här patientgruppen i sjukvårdens alla vårdformer. För att kunna bemöta unga vuxna på bästa sätt krävs en ökad kunskap om medfödda hjärtfel. Sjuksköterskan bör sätta sig in i patientens livsvärld och på så sätt göra vården personcentrerad. Antalet vuxna med medfött hjärtfel har ökat, vilket gör att fundera kring yrkesval, förmåga att bilda familj och ärftlighet av sjukdomen uppstår. Studiens resultat grundar sig på artiklar från olika delar av världen, vilket gör att upplevelserna kan skilja sig åt beroende på land och sjukvårdssystem. Studiens resultat visar att unga vuxna upplever sitt hjärtfel på olika sätt. En del känner att de har kontroll över sin sjukdom och därmed upplever de sig friska. Hjärtfelet är en del av identiteten och de känner sig inte begränsade i sin vardag, medan andra unga vuxna upplever att det är hjärtfelet som styr och kontrollerar deras liv och de ser sig som inneboende i sin sjukdom. Det kan leda till upplevelser om att vilja ge upp och det kan ha en negativ påverkan på hälsotillståndet. Unga vuxna lever med oro och osäkerhet om sin framtid eftersom den upplevs som oviss. En vanlig upplevelse unga vuxna har är att de känner sig annorlunda. Det kan bero på fysiska begränsningar och operationsärret men den största anledningen är hur de upplever sig bli bemötta från sin omgivning. Studien är tänkt för att sjuksköterskan ska få en ökad förståelse för patientens livsvärld. / Background: Every day approximately one percent of the world's children are born with a congenital heart disease. Life span has increased for patients with congenital heart disease due to early diagnosis and development in recent decades in cardiac surgery. Living with a congenital heart disease got young adults to think about the disease itself, the ability to start a family, sexual activity, pregnancy, childbirth, choice of profession, physical activity and heredity. Today there are more adults than children with a congenital heart disease and the study highlights the experiences of the disease of young adults aged 13-39 years. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe young adults' experiences of living with a congenital heart disease. Method: A literature-based study has been made of qualitative studies retrieved from databases Cinahl and PubMed. The study is based on nine articles from different countries around the world. The articles have been analyzed by content analysis for qualitative studies. Results: The study's analysis resulted in three main themes; "feel different", "to be controlled by the disease," and "to take control of the disease." Conclusion: Living with a congenital heart disease was experienced in different ways, it was splitted opinions if the young adults felt they had control over their heart disease or not. The most common experience was to feel different. The young adults felt anxiety and uncertainty for the future because it could be experienced as uncertain.

This study was based on three interviews with three internationally adopted young adults. The aim of the study was to explore how international adopted young adults have experienced their identity development in a retrospective perspective in relation to family and friends. To answer the research-questions semi-structured qualitative inter­views have been performed. A narrative method was chosen to explore how the parti­cipants' described their experiences. Topics that appeared in the result where topics such as family relationships, the society’s influence on the participants and connections to other adoptees. The conclusions of this study were that com­muni­cation and connections to family was an essential factor in the subjects' identity develop­ment. The informants feeling of belonging was affected by society´s influence on appearances and it was important for the participants to have someone in their life that they could talk to and get support from.

Abstract The aim of this study has been to present the percieved influence of Facebook usage among young adults. Five subjects, two men and three women aged 20-25, was the respondents of qualitative, semistructured, interviews with an emphesis on social phenomenons that might affect psychosocial health. After applying coding and thematc analasis to the collected data, the findings were analyzed using socialpsychological theory and theory of identity and earlier findings on the subject. The results show that the interviewed young adults tend to express that Facebook usage is affecting their health in different ways, that Facebook as such has both positive and negative sides and lastly that the individuals’ usage and represenatation on Facebook can be linked to different roles and that the process of representation on Facebook can affect the identification process.

Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT) / Tuberculosis (TB) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB have been identified as one of the largest health problems in the world, and notably recognized as a big issue in democratic South Africa. Socio-demographic factors such as poverty and unemployment were identified to be major contributing factors to the epidemic. Individuals with TB reportedly have poor levels of occupational self-efficacy and found it challenging to return to work after prolonged hospitalization. The Model of Occupational Self-Efficacy (MOOSE) has been used effectively to assist individuals with traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) to return to work. Adaptation of the MOOSE was recommended for application with other syndromes associated with long hospitalization and absence from work. The aim of the study was to adapt the MOOSE for clients living with tuberculosis and to aid them in returning to work. The study was conducted through exploratory research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten purposively selected key informants from private and public health facilities in the Western Cape. The data was analysed through thematic analysis from which six themes emerged. Themes One, Two and Six describe the barriers experienced by the participants when returning to work following their diagnosis of PTB or MDR-TB. Theme Three, Four and Five discussed the factors that facilitate the resumption of the worker role for the PTB and MDR-TB survivors. The findings of this study were used to inform the adaptation of the MOOSE for use with patients living with TB. Ethics clearance was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BMREC) of UWC. Permission was given by the Department of Health to conduct the study on the clinical platform. All ethics principles were upheld.

The present study aimed to examine how support and trust in democracy was viewed among young citizens in Sweden. The study used a quantitative approach, in which a web survey was developed based on two well validated measurement instruments. The web survey was distributed via an internet site with 241 respondents age 18-29 years (M = 23.5 SD = 2.61). Four indexes were created (trust, support for democracy, autocracy and ideals of democracy) and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression models. The results showed that the participants had a fairly large support for democracy and did also have a fairly high trust in democracy. The support for other governance than democracy was fairly low. These young citizens in Sweden preferred participatory democracy over electoral democracy. A bivariate regression model showed an indication that lower trust in democracy leads to more active participation among young citizens. A multiple regression model however showed that females with a lower trust in democracy preferred participatory democracy and that males with a higher trust preferred electoral democracy. The authors argue that these important findings should be prioritized within the democratic discourse in order to be able to address young citizens regarding their concern and confidence in democracy. This in turn could give rise to more adequate efforts and decision making processes for both politicians and civil servants.

Marriage is an important phenomenon that occurs in most societies across the world. Within the Islamic belief system, marriage is regarded as a sacred union and is obligatory on all Muslim people. This qualitative study explored the perceptions that eight young Muslim South African adults have regarding marriage, using semistructured interviews. The data was analysed by following a thematic content analysis framework which highlighted aspects such as the extent to which participants ascribed to their religious beliefs regarding marriage, any societal influences that may have shaped their views on marriage as well as the factors they believed lead to the success as well as the breakdown of marriages. From the results, it was evident that young Muslim South African adults had positive views on marriage, and expected to get married at some point in their lives. This was primarily due to their religious Islamic backgrounds and family upbringings. Moreover, the results indicated that young Muslim adults are more flexible with regard to engaging in pre-marital romantic relationships, yet continued to hold marriage in high regard. Participants outlined factors such as teamwork from spouses, trust, commitment, understanding, honesty as well as communication between spouses as integral in achieving and maintaining a successful marriage. These perceptions are discussed in relation to findings from other studies. The need for pre-marital programmes for young Muslim adults is highlighted.

Early childhood represents a critical period for the development of social skills and abilities that enhance social competence. One of the main aspects that contribute to this development is the parent-child relationship. The purpose of this study is to explore this area of the parent-child relationship by focusing on parenting personality and parents’ perceptions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether parents’ personality could influence the parent-child relationship and consequently predict social competence in young children. Parents’ personality related to the five personality dimensions as delineated by the Five Factor Model. Parents’ perceptions focused on Attachment, Discipline Practices, Involvement, Parenting Confidence, and Relational Frustration. The study consisted of 62 parents of children between the ages of three and six years old. Participants were asked to fill out three questionnaires, the Parenting Relationship Questionnaire for Pre-schoolers (PRQ-P), the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Social Competence Scale (SCS). The five personality dimensions were found to be significantly correlated with parenting perceptions of the parent-child relationship and the preschool child’s social competence. For example Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were significantly related to Parenting Confidence, however only Neuroticism and Agreeableness correlated significantly with social competence in children. More specifically, Neuroticism was negatively related to Emotional Regulation and Agreeableness was positively related to Prosocial Behaviour. In addition to this regression analyses showed that the parent-child relationship, personality, and social competence were strongly mediated especially with regards to Neuroticism, Parenting Confidence as well as Relational Frustration and Emotional Regulation. Implications of the findings and recommendations for future research were discussed.

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As transformações advindas com a modernidade e com a pós-modernidade alteraram de forma significativa a relação entre as gerações mais novas e as mais velhas. Nas sociedades tradicionais, havia uma hierarquia entre o saber adulto, pautado no passado e na tradição, e a aceitação deste saber por parte dos mais novos. A contemporaneidade e seus discursos fornecem um cenário bastante diferente, no qual a adolescência é tida como ideal, a velocidade das transformações são espantosas e o novo, o moderno, têm seu lugar de destaque nos valores do homem contemporâneo. Neste sentido, imagens solidificadas pelo tempo e pela tradição se alteram, trazendo reflexos nas relações entre jovens e adultos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a imagem de adulto que os adolescentes de hoje carregam, a partir da avaliação que os últimos fazem dos adultos de hoje, do sentido que os jovens atribuem a este lugar e do que valorizam em um adulto. Participaram da pesquisa um total de 520 alunos do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e particulares e o instrumento utilizado consistiu em um questionário com 24 questões, cada qual contendo quatro opções de respostas, e duas questões abertas. Os resultados demonstraram uma tendência dos jovens a avaliarem negativamente os adultos em relação a suas atuações na esfera pública (política, meio ambiente, educação e mídia) e a desconfiarem da capacidade dos adultos quanto àqueles atributos tradicionalmente referidos a este lugar (confiança, sabedoria, modelo a ser seguido, ética) e, no entanto, 63% dos sujeitos acreditaram dever obediência aos adultos de hoje. O dinheiro, o desemprego e a competição no mundo do trabalho mostraram-se como uma das preocupações mais importantes dos adultos de hoje e dos jovens em relação ao futuro. Aparentemente, a imagem do adulto, lugar de saber e de guia dos mais novos não apresenta a consistência que tinha no passado e poucos parecem ser os modelos passíveis de admiração disponíveis aos jovens hoje. O significado de ser adulto e de ocupar este lugar parece tender a um trabalho e a uma construção exclusivamente pessoal e individual. / The transformations took place during modernity and post-modernity changed in a significant way the relationship between the younger and older generations. In traditional societies, there was a hierarchy between the adult knowledge, based on past and tradition, and the acceptance of this knowledge by the younger people. The contemporary and its discourses provide a different scenario indeed, in which the adolescence is taken as an ideal, the speed of transformations is astonishing and the new, the modern has a predominant place in the values of the contemporary man. In that sense, images solidified by time and tradition change, altering relationships between young people and adults. The aim of this work was to investigate the image of adulthood that todays adolescents have, from the evaluation that they make of todays adults, from the sense that young people have of this place and from what they value in an adult. Participated in the research a total of 520 students from public and private high schools and the tool consisted of a questionnaire with 24 questions, each containing four options, and two open questions. The results reveal a tendency from young people to evaluate negatively the adults concerning their performances in the public sphere (political, environment, education and media) and question the adults capacity on those attributes traditionally attributed to that place (confidence, wisdom, model to be followed, ethical) and, nevertheless, 63% of individuals believed to owe obedience to todays adults. Money, unemployment and competition for jobs in the world were revealed as some of the greatest concerns of todays adults and of young people about their future. Apparently, the image of an adult, place of knowledge and guide for the younger ones doesnt show the consistency that it had in the past and few seem to be the possible models of admiration available for today\'s young people. The meaning of being an adult and occupying that place seems to lean toward a work and a construction exclusively personal and individual.