The importance of the topic. The main thing in teacher‘s preparation reform is a competence of learning how to learn. While doing his work in pre-school institution mentor expands practical competence‘s regulation, which stimulate to help young teachers. In different education press there is not enough information about pre-school institution leader‘s mentoring as activity. There was researched a problem, if leader‘s activity has any details of mentoring and how does leader help young teacher while using his mentoring activity. There is no clear opinion of pre-school institutions leaders and teachers about mentoring as a form of help to young teacher and mentoring perfect opportunities in pre-school institution. Hypothesis: because of that, that there is no caring system young teacher in pre-school institution, the leaders of institutions make a part of mentor’s functions and because of that gets necessary competences. The object of research: pre-school institution leader’s activity. The aim of research: to research pre-school institution leader’s mentoring activity details. Tasks: to estimate leader’s as mentor’s activities ways: the style and roles of learning; to research what social, personal and competence’s facilities are essential; to treat leader’s and teacher’s opinion about mentoring, to provide leader’s mentoring opportunities. The methods of tje research: Theoretical: the analysis and conclusions of scientific literature. Empirical: the questionnaire for... [to full text]

This research focuses on young black women’s identity construction in the context of democratic South Africa. It focuses on how they negotiate adolescence and young adulthood as black females in a country with a history of racism. The assumption in the newly democratized South Africa is that opportunities are given on merit as opposed to the inequalities that existed according to racial differences during apartheid. The study aims to find out how young people construct and negotiate their identities and their view of their futures as well as possible threats to these future identities within this context. The young women’s narratives give insight into the state of the socio cultural context of post apartheid South Africa. These young women narrate their lives as the hinge generation: they are the first generation to grow up in the new and free South Africa the first generation to have access to a broad range of opportunities that were denied black people during apartheid governance. The young women’s narratives reveal a very fluid sense of identity. Their lives do not follow the patterns of the lives of the previous generations including those of their parents. They do however, negotiate these opportunities in the context of inequalities inherited from previous apartheid governance. Impoverished livelihoods, death of family members, gender inequities, poorly developed school systems and poor social amenities that they face in everyday life pose possible constraints to their envisioned futures. The study is based on the theorisation of self as a narrative, a story to be told. The self is understood as fragmented and changing as opposed to a single fixed entity. The narrative approach allows for the participants to tell their own stories bringing together past memories, anticipated futures as well as ongoing experiences they consider important. A total of 10 women took part in the study; 5 from Amangwane a rural community located in the Drakensburg area and 5 from the urban location of Chesterville. Their life stories were collected through in depth interviews in a wider context of narrative approach. Further, there was a follow up interview for each participant giving focus to central themes. A two phase analysis was used to examine the way the narratives were put together as well as paying attention to the content of the narratives in order to understand meaning attributed to events and experiences. The young women’s narratives were structured by an interaction of regressive and progressive plots. This is reflective of the challenges and difficulties that they face in their everyday lives in the South African context. The major regressive moments were financial difficulties, death of loved ones and motherhood. In the midst of these challenges, most stories were generally progressive towards the future. Some, however, were in the midst of uncertainties and some of the life stories were entrapped in difficult life circumstances that made it difficult to see success in the future. The key themes that came from the stories were poverty, place, family structure, gender, language and education. Poverty was experienced as very significant and real. It hampered everyday lives and the construction of future identities. The rural areas are the most hit by poverty especially female headed families. Fathers were constructed as possible solutions to economic problems because of their ability to access resources. Migration between urban and rural spaces is prominent in the rural women’s narratives. Urban areas presented improved life opportunities. Even so, urban space is fragmented and racially stratified. The urban young women’s narratives show a desire to succeed and move out of townships into suburbia. English is considered to be the economic language and its use provides young women with access to resources and a better life. Education is constructed as important by the young women as it gives them access to their desired future identities. However, schooling experience is characterised by lack of teachers, inadequately trained teachers and poor education standards. Gender inequities pose challenges which constrain the young women from reaching their full potential. The young women negotiate their lives in a context resonating with apartheid effects. They are faced with challenges and very difficult life circumstances. They however remain hopeful and are able to construct alternative future identities for themselves. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

This study critically examined how three Canadian ski resorts markets to the Nexus Generation (population cohort aged 18 to 35 years) by evaluating the marketing practices of three leading ski resorts owned by a major resort development company located in Canada. The research objectives were to critically review the resorts' marketing methods for profiling and targeting the Nexus Generation, and evaluate the effectiveness of these methods based on established theory in generational marketing. The study followed a case study approach and a qualitative research methodology. Marketing Directors from the three ski resorts were recruited into the study and interviewed using semi-structured interview methods. Interviews were conducted on-site at the respective resorts in order to provide a more natural environment for the participants and to facilitate field observations and collection of marketing plans and materials. Data analysis focused on the resorts' profiles and amenities, their target consumer groups, and their marketing approaches, including any use of generational marketing methods, and any targeting of Nexus. The results indicate that the ski resorts' application of generational marketing as a marketing strategy and their perceptions of Nexus as a market segment correlated well with theories of generational marketing and the Nexus generation. The Nexus generation was not identified as a specific target market, however, it overlapped many of the target groups outlined by the ski resorts. Although not marketed to directly, Nexus was identified as an important group and in particular their vitality and youth were valued as a desirable quality to have associated with the resort. Generational marketing was used by each of the resorts to varying degrees, however, further steps could be taken in this area such as determining major world and life experiences that have affected the attitudes of skiing consumers, including their perceptions of critical ski resort amenities and services, and their attitudes towards money and consumerism more generally. The analysis contributed to the literature by providing a concrete case study that critically evaluated generational marketing approaches at three Canadian ski resorts, and points the way for further use of generational marketing methods in the ski industry.

On December 10, 1835 the Federal Diet of the German Confederation banned the publication and distribution of any works written by a group identified as "das junge Deutschland." The Diet explicitly named Karl Gutzkow, Heinrich Laube, Theodor Mundt, Ludolf Wienbarg, and Heinrich Heine as members of this group. Since 1835 the term "Young Germany" has been widely accepted among historians and literary analysts alike. However, there has been virtually no agreement regarding the purposes of the group, its importance, or even its membership. In recent years, historical studies have gradually come to accept that the notion of a unified group called "Young Germany" is a myth, but no study has attempted to identify the key issues which divided the so-called Young Germans. This study examines the content of the 'Young German' works in the years prior to the Federal ban in order to determine the nature of the disagreements which divided Gutzkow, Laube, Mundt and Wienbarg. By utilizing the voluminous monographic and journalistic works produced by the socalled Young Germans, this study establishes their positions on many of the key issues of the Vormarz era, in particular, the emancipation of women, religious emancipation and Saint- Simonianism, and political emancipation. Based upon these positions, this study argues that there was little consensus among the core 'members.' Each man believed that he was contributing to the creation of a new type of literature which would end the Romantic separation of literature from the real world and usher in a more utilitarian form of writing. The author would no longer serve only the muses of literature, he would also serve more practical causes. Beyond this shared conviction, however, there were few issues upon which Gutzkow, Laube, Mundt and Wienbarg agreed. Moreover, even on the basic assumption that writers and their works must serve practical causes there was considerable conflict regarding the implementation of this ideal. On the larger socio-political issues of the day there was virtually no agreement. Some of the 'Young Germans' expressed fairly traditional opinions on these topics, others were remarkably modern. Seldom if ever, however, did they speak with one voice.

<p>This dissertation investigates how variation in trade credit standards play a role in firm maturation. In Chapter 1, I survey existing research in trade credit. Following this, I identify lifecycle trends in supplier trade credit policy in Chapter 2. Young suppliers assume greater risks in trade credit provision early in their lifecycles in order to advance growth and product market agendas. There is a peak around a supplier's IPO in the riskiness of trade credit supplied, measured by doubtful receivables and the length of credit provided (receivables length). I find that young firms in industries where customer-supplier relationships are more significant have higher doubtful receivables, consistent with suppliers varying trade credit standards to build relationships. Additionally, young suppliers with more complex products (as measured by R&D intensity) offer longer duration loans compared to suppliers of similar age. Offering riskier trade credit terms affects economic outcomes. In Chapter 3, I study if varying trade credit standards for the purpose of relationship building is a viable strategy for all firm maturities. I use the incidence of a major free trade agreement to study firm responses to a major disruption in existing supplier-customer relationships. Chapter 3 posits both supplier driven as well as customer driven explanations for the observed responses, finding evidence consistent with older suppliers have a reduced incentive as well as capacity to engage in relationship building.</p> / Dissertation

Semi-structured interviews with 29 probation officers were conducted about their experiences addressing youths’ criminogenic needs in accordance with the Risk-Need-Responsivity framework. Probation officers discussed barriers they face at the individual, organizational, and systemic level (‘environmental’ issues that transcend – but impact on – the individual youth). Results revealed that challenges probation officers faced included ambiguity with respect to their role addressing certain risk-need domains, waitlist for services, having to prioritize certain noncriminogenic needs, involving parents, and the prevalence of mental illness (particularly concurrent diagnoses). Probation officers also discussed systemic barriers that they felt were out of their control but significantly impacted youths’ risk. Results are discussed in terms of implications for theory, research, policy, and practice.

Midlife adults who have divorced or never married represent a growing demographic in North America. Despite this fact, little research has examined the dating and sexual behaviours of these individuals. Research has instead focused on the dating and sexual lives of young adults, particularly undergraduate students. The current research program examined young (aged 18-24 years) and midlife (aged 35-54 years) single (or recently single) heterosexual North American adults’ typical first date scripts and their retrospective perceptions of their first date experiences. More specifically, Study 1 examined young and midlife adults’ typical first date scripts. Participants were asked to list at least 20 actions that a woman would typically perform on a first date with someone new, from the beginning of the date to its end, putting the actions in the order in which they would occur. Participants were then instructed to carry out the task a second time, focusing on the actions that a man would typically perform on a first date with someone new. Study 2 examined young and midlife adults’ retrospective accounts of their actual first date scripts, as well as their actual first date sexual behaviour. Participants were asked to list at least 20 actions that they performed on their most recent first date, from the beginning of the date to its end, putting them in the order in which they occurred. They were also asked to complete a revised Guttman scale of sexual behaviours, checking off from a list the behaviours that occurred on their most recent first date. Across both studies, analyses revealed three key patterns with respect to gender roles. First, contrary to expectations, young adults tended to be more traditional than midlife adults with respect to first dates. Second, midlife adult women tended to be less traditional than expected with respect to first dates. Lastly, in keeping with expectations, women were depicted as taking a passive role and men were depicted as taking a more active role in the scripts. Implications of the findings and recommendations for future research follow.

Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death and injury among teenagers. The crash risk is highest for young male drivers with young male passengers. The goal of this study is to find out why young males are at such high risk. One possible explanation could be the Sexual Selection Theory (Darwin, 1871), which emphasizes the competitive nature of young males that may determine their behaviour for future benefits. I tested if there was competition between males that made them take more risks while driving in the simulator. Various driving performance variables (speed, car following distance, standard deviation of the lateral position, hazard response times, number of vehicles passed) and individual differences variables (risky driving, risk perception, sensation seeking, competitiveness) were measured. Results provided little support for the effect of interpersonal competition and an opportunity for discussion arose. / AUTO21, Ontario Innovation Trust (OIT), Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI).

Įgijęs profesiją kiekvienas nerimauja kaip seksis pirmosiomis darbo dienomis, o ypač tie, kurių darbas susijęs bendravimu su žmonėmis. Pedagogui pirmos darbo dienos mokykloje ypač svarbios, nes tuomet formuojama nuomonė apie jį kaip apie vienos ar kitos srities specialistą ir kaip asmenybę. Siekiant, kad naujas darbuotojas pasiektų reikiamų darbo rezultatų ir gerai jaustųsi, būtina tinkamai padėti jam įsitvirtinti tiek profesinėje, tiek socialinėje aplinkoje. Tyrimo objektas - jaunųjų pedagogų adaptavimo sistema mokykloje. Tyrimo tikslas - jaunųjų pedagogų adaptacijos galimybės mokykloje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: • Apibūdinti adaptacijos sampratą. • Aprašyti darbuotojų adaptavimą mokykloje. • Išryškinti socialinės ir profesinės adaptacijos pirmoje darbo vietoje ypatumus. • Atskleisti jaunųjų pedagogų adaptavimo sistemą mokykloje. Tyrimo klausimai. Su kokiomis problemomis adaptuodamasis susiduria jaunasis pedagogas? Kaip būtų galima tobulinti jaunųjų pedagogų adaptavimą mokykloje? Empirinio tyrimo metodologija - kokybinė, tipas - aprašomasis. Metodai - apklausa, turinio analizė. Tyrimo dalyviai - jaunieji pedagogai, kurių pedagoginio darbo stažas ne didesnis nei 3 metai, mokyklos pavaduotojai ugdymui ir mokyklų vadovai. Tyrimo instrumentai sudaryti iš atvirų klausimų. Mokykloje gali vykti formalus arba neformalus adaptavimas. Jei vykdomas formalus adaptavimas, mokyklos vadovas įpareigoja administracijos darbuotojus jaunajam pedagogui skirti mentorių arba kuruojantį mokytoją... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / After acquiring profession everyone worries about their success during their first days at work. It is especially worrisome for those whose work involves interaction with people. For a teacher first working days at school are extremely important, since during that period opinions about him as a specialist and as a personality are being formed. In order for the new employee to reach required results and feel well, it is essential to properly help him to adapt in professional and social environments. Research object – young teacher's adaptation system in school Research objective – the possibility of adaptation of young teachers in school. Research tasks: • To describe adaptation conception • To define employee adaptation in school • To reveal the peculiarities of social and professional adaptation at first workplace • To reveal young teacher's adaptation system in school Research questions – What kind of problems are the young pedagogues facing? How would it be possible to improve the adaptation of young specialists in schools? Research methodology – qualitative, type – descriptive. Methods – inquiry, content analysis. Research participants – young pedagogues, whose teaching experience is not greater that 3 years, assistant teachers and schoolmasters. Research instruments are made up of open questions. There can be formal and informal adaptation processes at school. If formal adaptation is conducted, the school head requires the administrative staff to assign the young... [to full text]

Darbo tikslas – atskleisti jaunimo (iki 29 metų amžiaus) poreikius, siekiant integruotis į darbo rinką bei atskleisti kliūtis, trukdančias jų užimtumui. Darbo uždaviniai: išnagrinėti socialinio teisingumą; pateikti socialinės nelygybės sampratos teorinę interpretaciją; išanalizuoti jaunimo galimybes į socialinį teisingumą integruojantis į darbo rinką; atlikti sociologinį tyrimą, leidžiantį išsiaiškinti atskleisti jaunimo (iki 29 metų amžiaus) poreikius, siekiant integruotis į darbo rinką bei atskleisti kliūtis, trukdančias jų užimtumui. Tyrimo dalykas: jaunimo požiūris į nelygybę ir socialinį teisingumą integruojantis į darbo rinką. Darbo metodai: mokslinės, statistinės, publicistinės literatūros analizė; kokybinis tyrimas (interviu): dvi informantų grupės: 5 – studentai (akademinis jaunimas) ir 5 darbdaviai (įmonės vadovai). Tyrimu nustatyta, kad pagrindiniai reikalavimai, kuriuos darbdaviai kelia jauniems specialistams yra kvalifikacija, išsilavinimas bei pareigingumas. Darbuotojo, atitinkančio darbo keliamus reikalavimus, pasirinkimas yra svarbi sėkmingo darbo prielaida. Svarbu ir tai, kad naujai priimtas tinkamas žmogus dirbtų pakankamai ilgai. Darbuotojų keitimas įmonei gana brangiai kainuoja. Naujas darbuotojas pasiekia reikiamą darbo našumą, praeina maždaug metai, o kol pasiekia meistriškumą – gerokai ilgiau. Pažymėtina, kad jaunimas stodamas į aukštąsias mokyklas nepasveria, ar pasirinkta specialybė bus paklausi. Dažnas jaunas žmogus, įgijęs išsilavinimą universitete... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the Master‘s thesis is to disclose the needs of young people (up to their late-twenties) seeking integration into the labour market as well as to reveal the obstacles hindering them from being employed.The objectives – to analyse the issue of social justice; to present a theoretical interpretation of the concept of social inequality; to look into young people‘s opportunities for social justice in terms of integration into the labour market; to carry out a sociological survey which enables to clarify and reveal the needs of the youth (up to their late-twenties) in order to integrate themselves into the labour market and, in addition to this, to investigate the obstacles interfering with the process of employment of young people.The subject of research: the attitude of young people towards inequality and social justice while integrating themselves into the labour market. Methods of the Master‘s thesis: the analysis of academic and statistical literature as well as publications of social and political journalism; qualitative research (interviews); two groups of informants: five students (academic youth) and five employers (company executives). The research has established that the main requirements posed by employers for young specialists include qualifications, education and a sense of duty.The choice of an employee meeting the job requirements is an important prerequisite for successful work performance. It is also vital that a... [to full text]