Zeolites are crystalline microporous aluminosilicates with well-defined cavities or channels of molecular dimensions. They are widely used for applications such as gas adsorption, gas storage, ion exchange and catalysis. The size of the pore opening allows zeolites to be categorized into small, medium, large and extra-large pore zeolites. A typical zeolite is the small pore silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-34, which is an important catalyst in the MTO (methanol-to-olefin) process. The properties of zeolite catalysts are determined mainly by their structures, and it is therefore important to know the structures of these materials in order to understand their properties and explore new applications. Single crystal X-ray diffraction has been the main technique used to determine the structures of unknown crystalline materials such as zeolites. This technique, however, can be used only if crystals larger than several micrometres are available. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is an alternative technique to determine the structures if only small crystals are available. However, peak overlap, poor crystallinity and the presence of impurities hinder the solution of structures from PXRD data. Electron crystallography can overcome these problems. We have developed a new method, which we have called “rotation electron diffraction” (RED), for the automated collection and processing of three-dimensional electron diffraction data. This thesis describes how the RED method has been applied to determine the structures of several zeolites and zeolite-related materials. These include two interlayer expanded silicates (COE-3 and COE-4), a new layered zeolitic fluoroaluminophosphate (EMM-9), a new borosilicate (EMM-26), and an aluminosilicate (ZSM-25). We have developed a new approach based on strong reflections, and used it to determine the structure of ZSM-25, and to predict the structures of a series of complex zeolites in the RHO family. We propose a new structural principle that describes a series of structurally related zeolites known as “embedded isoreticular zeolite structures”, which have expanding unit cells. The thesis also summarizes several common structural features of zeolites in the Database of Zeolite Structures. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.</p>

Les zéolites, aluminosilicates cristallisés microporeux, sont largement utilisés en raffinage, en pétrochimie et en conversion de la biomasse. En raison du faible diamètre des micropores, limitations diffusionnelles et effets de confinement peuvent favoriser la formation de sous-Produits non désirés. L'introduction de mésopores par désalumination et/ou désilication ("zéolites hiérarchisées") peut diminuer ces phénomènes. Cependant, les mécanismes ces réactions restent méconnus à l'échelle moléculaire. Par calculs quantiques périodiques, au niveau de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT) et selon une approche hybride QM/QM, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l'importance de l'attaque de la molécule d'eau sur l'atome d'aluminium, qui se fait en anti par rapport au site acide de Brønsted. Des structures d'Al penta ou tetra coordinées ont aussi été suggérées expérimentalement comme précurseurs de la désalumination. Malgré une forte hétérogénéité structurale des sites T, l'élucidation des chemins réactionnels et les énergies d’activation des étapes d’hydrolyse des liaisons Al-O (70-100 kJ/mol) dans les systèmes zéolitiques investigués (MOR, FAU, MFI, CHA) nous a permis d'établir des corrélations du type Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi. Ces corrélations permettent d'estimer et prédire des énergies d'activation par le biais de la thermodynamique, donne ainsi une prédiction aisée des sites T sensibles à la désalumination. Un autre facteur clé pour la compréhension de la désalumination est l'effet de confinement sur l'espèce aluminique extra-Réseau générée (EFAL), exercé par les cavités. Finalement nous avons pu montrer que le chemin réactionnel de désalumination et désilication, consécutif ou simultané, , est thermodynamiquement plus favorable qu'une simple désalumination ce qui est en accord avec les propositions mécanistiques de la littérature sur la genèse de mésopores par démétallation. / Zeolites are crystalline microporous aluminosilicates widely used in refining, petrochemistry and biomass conversion. However, diffusion limitation and confinement effect can promote the formation of undesired products. The introduction of mesopores by dealumination and/or desilication ("hierarchical zeolites") is a possible solution widely used experimentally. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of these demetallation reactions are poorly described at the molecular scale. We determine the mechanisms of the formation of extraframework Al species (EFAL) for zeotypes MOR, FAU, MFI and CHA occurring during the dealumination process, possibly associated with desilication. First-Principles periodic density functional theory (DFT) and hybrid QM/QM calculations have been employed in order to analyze full reaction paths leading to extraframework species and to quantify the activation energies of the determining steps. It has been demonstrated that the initiation of an Al-O(H) bond break takes place via water adsorption on the Al atom in anti-Position to the Brønsted acid site, via a penta- or tetra-Coordinated Al species. Such species are shown to be at the initiation of the Al dislodgement from the zeolitic framework. Despite a strong structural heterogeneity of T sites, we determined Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi (BEP) relationships for the entire dealumination pathway. Moreover, it is shown that not only the initiation and propagation mechanisms are primordial for the understanding of an Al extraction, but also the confinement effect on EFAL species within the zeolites cavities. Finally, from the energy profile of combined dealumination/desilication pathways, we show that it is thermodynamically favoured to extract extraframework Si species (EFSI) in the course of dealumination.

Student Number : 9400913V - MSc (Eng) dissertation - School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / Natural zeolites are finding applicability in a broad range of industrial processes. This study assesses the potential applications of a South African natural zeolite, Clinoptilolite, and develops a methodology to quickly screen and assess these applications. Zeolites are known to have ion exchange and adsorption properties. Wastewater treatment has been identified as a potentially important opportunity in South Africa, since South Africa - and particularly Gauteng - is a water scarce region. The wastewater treatment industry in this region can be divided into two main categories of effluent: namely chemicals from coal and the metal recovery and finishing related to the mining industry. The focus of this work was to find a method to screen for potential uses of Clinoptilolite in these industries. The major effluent treatment issue in respect of the effluents from coal-based processes was identified to be the removal of oxygenate organics that are highly soluble in water, such as ethanol and acetone. This problem cannot be solved using vapour-liquid equilibrium based processes due to high energy costs, and liquid-liquid equilibrium based processes inherently introduce new contaminants into the wastewater. We therefore screened the zeolite for application in the removal of soluble organics via adsorption. The zeolite was found to be unsuitable for the adsorption of acetone and ethanol due to the preferential adsorption of water. As a result we tested the potential of the zeolite as a drying agent for ethanol and acetone. It was found that this zeolite could find application in the dehydration of ethanol, but not acetone. In effluent from the mining and metals based industries, heavy metals frequently occur and are usually toxic, such as lead, zinc and nickel. Such contaminated water must be disposed of as toxic waste, and this is very costly. Thus being able to selectively remove these metals allows for the possible recovery and recycling of a potentially valuable metal. If no application can be found for the recovered metal, the loaded zeolite would need to be disposed of as toxic waste, but the volume of this waste is significantly smaller than that of the original effluent due to the concentration effect of ion exchange processes. All of the metals were ion exchanged onto the zeolite successfully. The zeolite exhibited exceptional selectivity for the removal of lead, and reduced the concentration of lead in the water to levels below detection by Atomic Adsorption. The selectivity for the uptake of the metals in decreasing order was lead, zinc and lastly nickel. Therefore, provided the zeolite can be regenerated, it could be used for effluent treatment in mining activities that have traces of lead in the ore body, such as zinc and silver deposits, and in the battery industry. As a result of the work presented in this dissertation, a further project was undertaken to investigate the regeneration of the zeolite. Preliminary findings indicate that although it can be regenerated, the zeolite capacity decreases with each successive regeneration cycle. More work is required on regeneration to improve the lifespan of the zeolite.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, 2016 / The remediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) has received much attention over the years due to the environmental challenges associated with its toxic constituents. Although, the current methods are able to remediate AMD, they also result in the loss of valuable products which could be recovered and the financial benefits used to offset the treatment costs. Therefore, this research focused on the removal of toxic heavy metals as well as the recovery of acid using a low cost adsorbent and acid retardation process, respectively. In the first aspect of the study, three low cost adsorbents namely zeolite, bentonite clay and cassava peel biomass were evaluated for metal uptake. The adsorption efficiencies of zeolite and bentonite, was found to be less than 50% for most metal ions, which was lower compared to the 90% efficiency obtained with cassava peel biomass. Subsequently, cassava peel biomass was chosen for further tests. The metal removal efficiency using the cassava biomass was in the order Co2+> Ni2+> Ca2+> Mn2+> Fe3+> Mg2+. The highest metal removal was attained at 2% adsorbent loading and 30 ˚C solution temperature. Amongst the equilibrium models tested, the experimental data was found to fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model. Column studies using the immobilized cassava waste biomass suggested that the breakthrough curves of most metal ions did not resemble the ideal breakthrough curve, due to the competitive nature of the ions present in the AMD used in this study. However, the experimental data from the column tests was found to correlate well with the Adam-Bohart model. Sulphuric acid recovery from the metal barren solution was evaluated using Dowex MSA-1 ion exchange resins. The results showed that sulphuric acid can be recovered by the resins via the acid retardation process, and could subsequently be upgraded to near market values of up to 70% sulphuric acid using an evaporator. Water of re-usable quality could also be obtained in the acid upgrade process. An economic evaluation of the proposed process also showed that it is possible to obtain revenue from sulphuric acid which could be used to offset some of the operational costs. / M T 2016

A primeira parte desta dissertação consiste em uma exposição de alguns aspectos do fenômeno de difração de raios X por cristais, de vários tipos estruturais de zeólitas e de uma introdução ao Método de Rietveld (MR)para refinamento de estrutura utilizando amostras policristalinas. Apresenta-se a seguir o resultado da aplicação do MR a uma amostra conhecida: a alumina Al2O3-&#945 (Corindo). No teste foram refinados o fator de escala, o ponto zero (2&#952;0), os parâmetros de rede, os parâmetros atômicos posicionais e vibracionais e os parâmetros de perfil usando-se a função pseudo-Voigt. Passa-se então à aplicação do MR ao refinamento da estrutura de uma zeólita Y sinética e de três amostras da mesma zeólita após terem sido tratadas sob ação de vapor d´água e calor com (NH4) 2SO4 e com H2SO4 / The first parto f this dissertation is presented some aspects of X-ray diffraction by crystals, different kind of zeolites and an introduction to the Rietveld Method (RM) of structure refinement by polycrystalline samples. The refinement of &#945- Al2O3 (Corindon) is then presented as a test for the use of RM. In this test the scale factor, the zero point (2&#952;0), the lattice parameters, the positional, vibrational atomic parameters and the profile parameters were refined using the pseudo-Voigt profile function. Next the RM is used for the structure refinement of a synthetic Y-zeolite and of three samples of the same zeolite after treatment with water vapour, heat, (NH4)2SO4 and H2SO4

La performance des procédés de séparation des xylènes utilisant des adsorbants nanoporeux est liée aux propriétés de transport et de sélectivité des zéolithes faujasite du type BaX. Les zéolithes conventionnelles présentent un grand volume de micropores et une bonne sélectivité vis-à-vis du paraxylène. Cependant, la diffusion intracristalline est un processus lent qui limite l'efficacité des zéolithes. Par conséquent, l'utilisation de zéolithes hiérarchiques a été proposée comme alternative pour améliorer les propriétés de transport par l'introduction d'un réseau poreux supplémentaire. Dans cette thèse, deux types de zéolithes hiérarchiques BaX sont considérés: les agrégats de nanoparticules (NA - des agrégats de petites particules avec des mésopores entre eux) et les zéolithes Layer-Like (LL), formées par un réseau de couches zéolitiques (présentant des mésopores entre les couches et au sein des couches). Afin de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par la surface externe et par la porosité supplémentaire dans les zéolithes hiérarchiques (NA et LL), ces zéolithes ont été caractérisées en termes de quantité et de qualité de la surface externe par différentes techniques de caractérisation (diffraction des rayons X, adsorption de N2, porosimétrie, microscopie, infrarouge et résonance magnétique nucléaire). L'adsorption et la diffusion des xylènes ont été évaluées par thermogravimétrie et par batch, en phase gazeuse et liquide, respectivement. Les expériences réalisées en phase liquide permettent d’observer une amélioration importante de la diffusion des xylènes dans les zéolithes hiérarchiques. Néanmoins, une perte significative de la para-sélectivité dans les zéolites BaX hiérarchiques est observée par rapport aux zéolites BaX conventionnelles. L'étude de la diffusion en phase gazeuse a permis d'identifier des barrières de surface, qui sont absentes en phase liquide. Cela peut indiquer qu’à forte concentration , le passage des molécules à travers la surface est moins perturbé. Ceci renforce l'intérêt d’utiliser les zéolithes hiérarchiques pour la séparation des xylènes qui est opérée en phase liquide / The performance of xylene separation processes using nanoporous adsorbents is related to both the transport and selectivity properties of the used faujasite zeolites (BaX). Conventional zeolites exhibit a large volume of micropores and a good selectivity to paraxylene (px). However, intracrystalline diffusion is a slow process which limits the efficiency of the zeolites. Therefore, the use of hierarchical zeolites has been proposed as an alternative to improve transport properties by the introduction of an additional porous network. In this thesis, two types of BaX hierarchical zeolites are considered: Nanoparticles aggregates (NA - aggregates of small particles with mesopores between them) and Layer-like zeolite (LL - array of zeolite layers, with the presence of inter and intra-layers mesopores). In order to better understand the role played by the external surface and by the additional porosity in hierarchical zeolites (NA and LL), these zeolites were characterized in terms of quantity and quality of the external surface by the application of different characterization techniques (X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, porosimetry, microscopy, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance). The xylene adsorption and diffusion were evaluated in gas and liquid phase, by means of thermogravimetry and batch experiments, respectively. Through the experiments in liquid phase, it is noticed that the xylene diffusion in hierarchical zeolites is considerably improved. On the other hand, a significant loss in px-selectivity in hierarchical BaX zeolites is observed compared to conventional BaX zeolites. The study of diffusion in gas phase allowed the identification of surface barriers, which are not present in the liquid phase. This may be an indication that, when the concentration around the surface is large (liquid phase), the passage of molecules across the surface is less/not disturbed. This reinforces the interest of using hierarchical zeolite for xylene separation which is carried out in liquid phase

The detection and identification of the oxygenated class of ignitable liquids is a complex issue for the fire debris analyst. The oxygenated compounds are difficult to recover using traditional analytical techniques since their chemical characteristics are vastly different from those of the petroleum products that compose the majority of the ignitable liquid classes. Previous research has demonstrated that the use of zeolite 13X as an adsorbent in heated passive headspace concentration provides increased recovery of oxygenated compounds in comparison to the conventional activated charcoal adsorbent. This hypothesis was further tested in this work using more realistic casework scenarios. Various carpet, carpet padding and wood types were utilized in a number of burn conditions in order to determine if any substrate interferences were present; as well as to monitor the recovery of oxygenated compounds from these substrates using the proposed zeolite extraction method. The substrates explored did not contribute significant background interference to complicate the identification of the oxygenated compounds. In addition, small volumes of the oxygenated ignitable liquids were easily recovered and identified from all burn states using the zeolite method. A dual-mode extraction with both zeolites and activated charcoal strips as adsorbents was utilized with mixtures of oxygenated compounds and petroleum products to determine if a variety of ignitable liquid classes could be detected and identified in the presence of a variety of substrate matrices within a single extraction protocol. The dual-mode extraction showed that both the oxygenated compounds and petroleum products could be detected and identified using a single extraction protocol in the presence of various substrate matrices. Lastly, an experiment was devised to compare the recovery of the oxygenated compounds using various total available surface areas of both zeolites and activated charcoal strips in order to determine which adsorbent exhibits a greater recovery when all other experimental conditions remain constant. When the surface areas were equalized between the zeolites and activated charcoal strips, the activated charcoal exhibited a greater recovery of the oxygenated compounds. However, the cost effectiveness of the zeolites allows for a greater amount of zeolite beads to be used in order to achieve the same recovery as the activated charcoal strips for a much lower price. Therefore, the findings from this work, in combination with previous research, continue to support the use of zeolite 13X as an alternative adsorbent for the recovery of oxygenated ignitable liquids from fire debris evidence.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:32:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 katia Kaori K.pdf: 5891591 bytes, checksum: 2785b5f69d4024535978fce1d58c20d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-28 / Biodiesel has great commercial potential for being biodegradable, non toxic, presenting low carbon monoxide (CO) emission and solid particles. It can be produced from the transesterification reaction of vegetal oil or animal fat as raw material. The optimization of the reaction speed in the biodiesel production is possible with the use of zeolites as catalysts that can be recovered at the initial level in an economical way. A field study was carried out to collect natural zeolites and to produce synthetic zeolites varying the amount of colloidal silica and sodium aluminate. The methodology which resulted in a zeolite with a single zeolitic phase and low amount of amorphous material was submitted to different thermal treatments (8, 12, 24, and 30 hours). The 24-hour thermal treatment obtained a zeolite (Sodalite) with high basicity which was impregnated with Zn2+ ions. The zeolitic material was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld method, thermogravimetry analysis (TG/DTG), infrared absorption spectrophotometry (IV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen physisorption analysis and basicity qualitative and quantitative analyses. The preliminary test converting soybean oil in alkyl esters was carried out employing non impregnated, impregnated with 3% and 9% Zn2+ ions and natural Sodalite. The non impregnated Sodalite was the one presenting the highest conversion rate (40.7%) possibly due to the larger number of total basic sites it presented. The low conversion rate verified in other tests might be ascribed to the saponification reaction, possibly due to its highly hygroscopic property which reduces the transesterification reaction efficacy. That is, the presence of absorbed water in the structure or the existence of Na+ and OH- ions enables triglyceride saponification reactions by taking water to the reaction medium. / O biodiesel tem grande potencial para o mercado consumidor por ser biodegradável, atóxico, apresentar baixas emissões de monóxido de carbono (CO) e de partículas sólidas. Pode ser produzido na reação de transesterificação com óleos vegetais ou gordura de origem animal como matérias-primas. A otimização da velocidade de reação na produção de biodiesel, é possível a partir da utilização de zeólitas, como catalisadores que podem ser recuperados a nível inicial de forma econômica. Foi realizado um trabalho de campo para a coleta de zeólita natural e produção de zeólitas sintéticas variando a quantidade de sílica coloidal e aluminato de sódio. A metodologia que apresentou a zeólita com apenas uma fase zeolítica e com baixa quantidade de material amorfo foi submetida a diferentes tratamentos térmicos (8, 12, 24, e 30 horas). O tratamento térmico de 24 horas obteve uma zeólita (Sodalita) de elevada basicidade o qual foi impregnada com íons Zn2+. Os materiais zeolíticos foram caracterizados com difração de raios X (DRX), método de Rietveld, análise de termogravimetria (TG/DTG), espectrofotometria de absorção na região do infravermelho (IV), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS), análise de fisissorção de nitrogênio e análise qualitativa e quantitativa de basicidade. O teste preliminar de conversão de óleo de soja em ésteres alquílicos foi realizado utilizando a Sodalita sem impregnação, as impregnadas com 3% e 9% de íons Zn2+ e a natural. A que apresentou a maior taxa de conversão foi a Sodalita sem impregnação (40,7%) possivelmente devido a maior quantidade de sítios básicos totais que ela apresenta. A baixa taxa de conversão verificada em outros testes pode estar atrelada a reação de saponificação, possivelmente devido a sua propriedade altamente higroscópica que diminui a eficiência da reação de transesterificação. Ou seja, a presença de água adsorvida na estrutura ou a eixstência de íons Na+ e OH- propicia reações de saponificação do triglicerídeo ao levar água para o meio reacional.

by Hei Yuk Kwan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-87). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / DECLARATION --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE : --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Volatile Organic Compounds --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Photocatalytic Oxidation --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Adsorption --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2. --- Scope of Work --- p.8 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO : --- PHOTOCATALYSIS --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Fundamental --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2. --- Experimental --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Materials --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Instruments --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Experimental Conditions --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- Procedure --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3. --- Results and Discussion --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Photocatalytic Degradation of DCE --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Photocatalytic Degradation of TCE --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Photocatalytic Degradation of DCE and TCE Binary System --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.4. --- Photocatalytic Degradation of Ethyl Acetate --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.5. --- Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Isopropyl Ketone --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.6. --- Photocatalytic Degradation of Ethyl Acetate and Methyl Isopropyl Ketone Binary System --- p.43 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE : --- ADSORPTION --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1. --- Fundamental --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Mordenite --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Activated Carbon --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2. --- Experimental --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Materials --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Instrument --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.3. --- Procedure --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3. --- Results and Discussion --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4. --- "Adsorption Isotherm of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene on Mordenite in Aqueous Phase" --- p.70 / Chapter 3.5. --- "Thermal Regeneration of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene on Mordenite in Aqueous Phase" --- p.72 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR : --- CONCLUSION --- p.79 / REFERENCES --- p.81

Phénomène brutal et encore mal connu, la reprise d'altération se traduit par une subite accélération de la vitesse d'altération du verre, due à la déstabilisation de la couche amorphe et passivante préalablement formée à sa surface. En comprendre l'origine, et en mesurer les conséquences, sont des enjeux majeurs pour la prédiction du comportement à long terme des verres nucléaires.Cette étude lie quantitativement le degré d'altération d'un verre de référence à six oxydes et les mécanismes de formation des zéolithes et C-S-H qui contrôlent la chimie de la solution. Le rôle d'indicateur de reprise joué par la décroissance de la concentration en aluminium est mis en évidence. Il apparaît qu'occurrence et vitesse de reprise sont corrélées au couple (T, pH) ; même dans les situations les plus défavorables, la vitesse de reprise reste inférieure d'un ordre de grandeur environ à la vitesse initiale d'altération, qui reste le régime cinétique le plus rapide. Jusqu'alors limitée aux pH alcalins, une nouvelle approche est mise en œuvre pour étendre la caractérisation des reprises d'altération dans des conditions plus représentatives de celles d'un stockage géologique. Elle a nécessité le développement d'un outil : l'ensemencement qui réduit, voire supprime, la période de latence précédant la reprise. Les résultats obtenus en font un puissant outil pour la compréhension du rôle joué par les zéolithes sur la déstabilisation de la pellicule amorphe et pour la modélisation des reprises d'altération. Une démarche de modélisation géochimique du phénomène de reprise est proposée en s'appuyant sur le formalisme du modèle GRAAL. Elle repose sur le calcul des constantes thermodynamiques des zéolithes, sur l'implémentation de leurs lois cinétiques de nucléation et de croissance et sur des hypothèses relatives à la solubilité de la couche amorphe. Lorsque la précipitation des zéolithes consomme des alcalins, l'altération du verre — dont elle est le moteur — en libère. Le modèle éclaire l'importance de tels couplages chimiques et montre que, dans la stœchiométrie des verres nucléaires, leurs effets cumulés sont à l'origine d'une diminution du pH limitant à son tour la précipitation des zéolithes. / A sudden and still poorly understood phenomenon, the resumption of alteration results in a sudden acceleration of the glass alteration rate due to the destabilization of the amorphous passivating layer formed on the glass surface. Understanding the origin and the consequences of this phenomenon is a major issue for the prediction of nuclear glass long-term behavior.This study quantitatively links the alteration degree of a six-oxide reference glass and the formation mechanisms of zeolites and C-S-H that control the solution chemistry. The role played by the decrease in aluminum concentration as an indicator of resumption is highlighted. It appears that the resumption occurrence and rate are correlated to the couple (T, pH), but even in the most adverse situations the resumption rate is lower than the initial alteration rate, which remains the fastest kinetic regime. Previously limited to alkaline pH, the characterization of alteration resumptions was extended to conditions more representative of those found in a geological repository. This approach required the development of a new tool: seeding, that reduces or eliminates the latency period preceding a resumption. The results obtained demonstrate its usefulness in understanding the role of zeolites in amorphous layer destabilization and for modeling alteration resumptions.A geochemical modeling approach to alteration resumption is proposed, based on the formalism of the GRAAL glass alteration model. It is based on the calculation of zeolite thermodynamic constants, on the implementation of their nucleation and growth kinetics, and on assumptions related to the solubility of the amorphous layer. When zeolite precipitation consumes alkali, glass alteration—driven by zeolite precipitation—releases alkali. The model highlights the importance of such chemical couplings and shows that, in the stoichiometry of French nuclear reference glass, their cumulative effects are the cause of a pH decrease which limits zeolite precipitation.