Background: The problem of increasing amounts of food packaging waste especially in Germany leads to the challenge of how to minor waste by using no packaging in order to listen to environmental-conscious generation y consumers. This is why retailers need to understand the factors impacting the purchase intention and thus, need to act in higher extend in terms of a preventive sustainable approach. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the purchase intention of German generation y consumers towards packaging-free products. An extended Theory of Planned Behavior forms the theoretical foundation to investigate which factors are influencing the purchase intention the most. In addition to the original TPB factors attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, the research model was extended by two new factors, namely environmental concern and barriers. Method: Through an explanatory research method, the data was collected in a quantitative online survey based on a sample of 422 respondents. In order to investigate the relationships among the factors and to further support or reject the study’s hypothesis, the data was analyzedby using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and simple and multiple regression. Finally, to determine differences among groups additional tests have been conducted. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed new insights about predictors of the purchaseintention: German consumers’ intention is mainly impacted by their attitude, followed by thefactor barriers, and perceived behavioral control, whereas subjective norms do not. Further, the other newly added factor environmental concern indirectly impacts the purchase intention through attitude. Moreover, the importance of including new added factors to the original TPB model is shown as the extended TPB model has improved its power in explaining German generation y’s purchase intention towards packaging free. By that, the respondents of this studyare highly environmental concerned and overall intent to purchase packaging-free products in mainstream grocery stores, oats and milk respectively. This study’s results provide valuable insights for marketers of German mainstream grocery stores who are interested in selectively integrating packaging-free shopping to their stores.

Title: Adjoint-Driven Importance Sampling in Light Transport Simulation Author: RNDr. Jiří Vorba Department: Department of Software and Computer Science Education Supervisor: doc. Ing. Jaroslav Křivánek, Ph.D., Department of Software and Computer Science Education Abstract: Monte Carlo light transport simulation has recently been adopted by the movie industry as a standard tool for producing photo realistic imagery. As the industry pushes current technologies to the very edge of their possibilities, the unprecedented complexity of rendered scenes has underlined a fundamental weakness of MC light transport simulation: slow convergence in the presence of indirect illumination. The culprit of this poor behaviour is that the sam- pling schemes used in the state-of-the-art MC transport algorithms usually do not adapt to the conditions of rendered scenes. We base our work on the ob- servation that the vast amount of samples needed by these algorithms forms an abundant source of information that can be used to derive superior sampling strategies, tailored for a given scene. In the first part of this thesis, we adapt general machine learning techniques to train directional distributions for biasing scattering directions of camera paths towards incident illumination (radiance). Our approach allows progressive...

This thesis is concerned with terahertz (THz) technology from both optical and electronic approaches. On the optical front, the investigation of optimised photoconductive switches included the characterisation, fabrication and testing of devices which can generate and detect THz radiation over the frequency range from DC to ~ 2.5 THz. These devices incorporated semiconductor photoconductors grown under low temperature (LT) Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) conditions and using distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The material properties were studied via numerous characterisation techniques which included Hall Effect and mid infrared reflections. Antenna structures were fabricated on the surface of the active layers and pulsed/continuous wave (CW) signal absorbed by these structures (under bias) generates photocurrent. With the help of the DBRs at certain wavelengths (800 nm and 1550 nm), the absorption coefficient at the corresponding illumination wavelength increased thus leading to significant increase of the THz output power while the materials kept the desirable photoconductive material properties such as high dark resistivity and high electron mobility. The inclusion of DBRs resulted in more than doubling of the THz peak signals across the entire operating frequency range and significant improvements in the relative THz power. For the THz electronic approach, a new type of InP-based Asymmetric Spacer Tunnel Diode (ASPAT), which can be used for high frequency detector, was studied. The asymmetric DC characteristics for this novel tunnel diode showed direct compatibility with high frequency zero-bias detector applications. The devices also showed an extreme thermal stability (less than 7.8% current change from 77 K to 400 K) as the main carrier transport mechanism of the ASPAT was tunnelling. Physical models for this ASPAT diode were developed for both DC (direct current) and AC (alternating current) simulations using the TCAD software tool SILVACO. The simulated DC results showed almost perfect matches with measurements across the entire temperature range from 77 K to 400 K. From RF (radio frequency) measurements, the intrinsic diode parameters were extracted and compared with measured data. The simulated zero biased detector circuits operating at 100 GHz and 240 GHz using the new InGaAs-AlAs ASPAT diode (4*4 micrometer square) showed comparable voltage sensitivities to state of the art Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) detectors but with the added advantage of excellent thermal stability.

Submitted by M?rden L?les (marden.inacio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-14T23:23:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Annelise Fran?a Ara?jo.pdf: 2722328 bytes, checksum: 24fe96c2c5e7a6dd79e50d8862a82e63 (MD5) / Rejected by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br), reason: Renomear o arquivo em caixa baixa, nomes separados por _ on 2016-07-18T15:00:35Z (GMT) / Submitted by M?rden L?les (marden.inacio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-19T20:32:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Annelise Fran?a Ara?jo.pdf: 2722328 bytes, checksum: 24fe96c2c5e7a6dd79e50d8862a82e63 (MD5) / Rejected by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br), reason: renomear arquivo on 2016-07-21T16:57:28Z (GMT) / Submitted by M?rden L?les (marden.inacio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-21T17:36:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Annelise_Fran?a_Ara?jo.pdf: 2722328 bytes, checksum: 24fe96c2c5e7a6dd79e50d8862a82e63 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:32:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Annelise_Fran?a_Ara?jo.pdf: 2722328 bytes, checksum: 24fe96c2c5e7a6dd79e50d8862a82e63 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Annelise_Fran?a_Ara?jo.pdf: 2722328 bytes, checksum: 24fe96c2c5e7a6dd79e50d8862a82e63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / RESUMO Nanopart?culas bimet?licas de Fe-Ni estabilizadas com carboximetilcelulose (CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni) foram sintetizadas, caracterizadas e aplicadas na remo??o dos f?rmacos nimesulida (NMS) e ranitidina (RNTD) em ?gua. Para os ensaios em batelada em solu??es aquosas fatores que afetam a remo??o dos f?rmacos tais como a sua concentra??o e a dosagem de CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni foram investigados sistematicamente. Os resultados experimentais revelaram uma remo??o completa de NMS e de 84% de remo??o de RNTD. Como esperado para uma rea??o heterog?nea realizada em batelada, sob vigorosa agita??o, foi verificado que a taxa de remo??o aumentou com o aumento da dosagem de CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni e a concentra??o dos f?rmacos. Foi realizado um estudo do efeito da velocidade de agita??o do sistema, verificando que este ? um fator que influencia diretamente a taxa de remo??o. O estudo de remo??o na presen?a e na aus?ncia de oxig?nio dissolvido revelou que a presen?a deste exerceu uma pequena influ?ncia no processo de remo??o. Um estudo comparativo utilizando a CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni e a carboximetilcelulose (CMC) como estabilizante de nanopart?culas de ferro de val?ncia zero (CMC-nFZV) foi realizado nas mesmas propor??es, sendo verificado que os n?veis de remo??o foram superiores para o sistema CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni. A an?lise do subproduto formado da NMS mostrou que este ? menos t?xico que o composto original. O presente trabalho demonstra que o processo de tratamento redutivo alternativo fazendo uso de nanopart?culas bimet?licas contendo Fe e Ni ? muito promissor para a elimina??o de f?rmacos, como ? o caso de NMS e RNTD. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / ABSTRACT Fe-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles stabilized with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni) were synthesized, characterized and applied to remove nimesulide drugs (NMS), and ranitidine (RNTD) drugs in water. For the test batch in aqueous solutions, factors affecting the removal of drugs such as the dosage of CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni and the concentration of NMS and RNTD were investigated systematically. The experimental results showed a complete removal of NMS and 84% for the RNTD at concentrations ranging up to 60 mg L-1 and at a dosage of CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni 0.2 and 0.4 g L-1, respectively. As expected for a heterogeneous reaction carried out in batch, under vigorous stirring, it was found that the removal rate increased with the increase of the dosage of CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni and concentration of the drugs. A study of the effect of system stirring speed was carried out by checking that this is a factor that directly influence the removal rate. The removal of the presence and in the absence of dissolved oxygen showed that the presence of the latter exerts a small influence on the removal process. A comparison of removal using CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (CMC-nFZV) was performed in the same proportions, and found that the removal rates were higher for system CMC-bNP-Fe-Ni. The analysis of the byproduct formed from the NMS showed that it is less toxic than the parent compound. The present work demonstrates that the reductive treatment process alternative making use of bimetallic nanoparticles containing Fe and Ni is very promising for the elimination of drugs, such as NMS and RNTD.

The overall aim of this project was to study 'functionalised' calcium carbonates (FCCs) for use as a carrier for the controlled release of 'actives,' by permeation and diffusion, and is being proposed as an environmentally friendly and non-toxic pharmaceutical excipient, nutraceutical, and flavour carrier. The delivery of a drug to its target site in the appropriate amount and time-frame in order for it to have a controlled release effect whilst achieving the maximum therapeutic effect remains a topic of design and development for novel drug delivery systems. FCCs encompass a family of new pharmaceutical excipients in which the conditions of manufacture follow strict process regulations with respect to the grade of reagents that are employed and the microbiological environment under which they are produced, and include freedom from organic polymers. Adjustments to the FCC production process can be used to produce a wide range of different morphologies, and raise the possibility of tailoring the void structures of the particles to provide controlled release delivery vehicles for actives across many fields, including drugs and flavours. However, such tailoring can only be fully optimised by a fundamental characterisation of the way in which a drug, loaded into an FCC, then flows and diffuses out over a period of time to provide the delayed release. It was found that adsorption on the FCC surface is selective, for example, saccharin does not become adsorbed from 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer solution, and neither does anethole from ethanol. FCC also does not adsorb the cationic probe benzyltrimethylammonium bromide (BTMAB) or the anionic probe sodium 2-naphthalenesulphonate (Na2NS). However, it was found that vanillin adsorbs onto the FCC in an amount of 2.00 ± 0.59 mg g^-1. Aspirin and vanillin adsorption from ethanolic solutions with various additions of water onto FCC TP was investigated and fitted with the Tóth isotherm. It was estimated that vanillin adsorbed onto around 17 %, and aspirin onto around 39 %, of the overall FCC TP surface area without the addition of any water. An equation was formulated in order to approximate the adsorption as a function of the FCC's surface coverage by the water. This is discussed in Chapter 4 and has also been published in a peer-reviewed academic journal (Levy et al., 2017). Chapter 5 discusses the preliminary steps of the loading of vanillin and saccharin into FCC, and the results were inconclusive for a majority of samples, concluding that the loading and analysis methods need refining. The modelling of the diffusion profiles of vanillin loaded FCC S07 and S10 was successful, and resulted in diffusion coefficients of 231.9 x 10^-16 m^2 s^-1 and 248.44 x 10^-16 m^ s^-1, respectively. This is outlined in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 describes the 'zero length column' (ZLC) technique, which was used as a way to characterise the diffusivity of the intraparticle pores of each FCC grade. However, it was established that there are many experimental artefacts present with such a method. This work outlines the development of the novel 'finite length column' (FLC), which was developed as a means to overcome the limitations of the ZLC (Levy et al., 2015). Effective diffusivity coefficients in the long-term region of the diffusion curves of the FCC samples range from 1.06-106 x 10 ^-16 m ^2 s^-1. The FLC was then used in preliminary trials to dilute FCC with an inert solid in order to further refine the ZLC technique, and is discussed in Chapter 8. Two mathematical methods were also developed to aid in the refinement. The reported effective diffusivity coefficient for FCC 03 in the long-term region of the diffusion curve is 49.5 x 10^-16 m^2 s^-1. In conclusion, this work confirms that FCC has potential for use as a carrier for the controlled release of 'actives' by diffusion. The utilisation of mathematical modelling in conjunction with experimental methods in the study of drug release and delivery is steadily increasing due to its enormous future potential; it will enable the optimisation of novel dosage forms and the elucidation of release mechanisms at a major reduction in cost and time compared with the number of experimental studies required to do so.

Syfte: Dagens samhälle blir mer och mer energimedvetet och regeringen sätter upp riktlinjer för bland annat byggsektorn i form av nya regler från Boverket. Ett av den svenska regeringens mål för klimat- och energipolitiken är att till år 2020 minska klimatutsläppen med 40 % och energianvändningen ska vara 20 % effektivare än i dagsläget. Ett led i detta är att bygga byggnader som är mer energieffektiva eller till och med tillverkar sin egen energi. Byggbranschen i Sverige står i dagsläget för cirka 40 % av koldioxidutsläppen, majoriteten av utsläppen sker vid producering av energi som tillförs byggnaderna under brukningsskedet. Målet för arbetet är att granska lönsamheten hos off-grid-förskolor i en mindre kommun i Mellansverige ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. Metod: Arbetet är en fallstudie som undersöker projektering av förskolor som planerar byggas i en mindre kommun i Mellansverige. Förskolan ska vara självförsörjande på energi genom att ha solceller på taket tillsammans med vätgasbränsleceller. Med det systemet ska hela byggnadens energibehov kunna tillgodoses. Intervjuer genomförs med de aktörer som ska bygga förskolan, både från beställarsidan och utförarsidan. Dokumentanalys av bygghandlingar används för att göra en LCC-analys som jämför den planerade energikällan mot bergvärme och passivhus. Resultat: Det är inte ekonomiskt lönsamt att använda vätgasbränslecell med solceller som energikälla. LCC-analysen indikerar att det inte är lönsamt att investera i vätgasbränsleceller som energikälla eftersom initialkostnaden är så hög att den inte går att ta igen ekonomiskt under byggnadens livstid jämfört med de andra två alternativ som undersökts. Formfaktorn är bra men det finns utrymme för förbättringar främst i minskad fönsterarea och en mer kvadratisk byggnad som leder till minskad väggarea och därmed lägre byggpris. Både LCC-analysen och intervjuerna indikerar att vätgasbränsleceller är en dyr teknik i dagsläget. Det behövs fler satsningar från politiskt håll för att få igång debatt om bränsleceller och skapa förutsättningar för att företag och privatpersoner ska kunna satsa på tekniken. Det kan dock vara lönsamt för en kommun på andra sätt, till exempel genom att ny industri och fler jobb lockas till kommunen. Konsekvenser: Slutsatsen är att det i dagsläget inte verkar vara lönsamt med vätgasbränslecell som energikälla. Ämnet behöver studeras i större perspektiv där den nya industrin som genereras av kommunens satsning på vätgasbränsleceller tas i beaktning. Begränsningar: Studien utgår från det planerade projektet i Mariestads kommun och har inte jämförts med några andra liknande projekt. Studien tittar på initial- och driftkostnader och tar inte med miljöaspekten i värderingen om lönsamhet. / Purpose: Today’s society is becoming more and more energy conscious and the government sets guidelines for, inter alia, the construction sector in the form of new regulations by the Boverket. One of the Swedish government´s goals for climate and energy policy is to reduce climate emissions by 40% and 20% more efficient energy use than now. A part of this is to build buildings that are more energy efficient or even produce their own energy. The construction industry is Sweden currently accounts for about 40% of the carbon dioxide emissons, the majority of emissions occur in the production of energy supplied to buildings during the use phase. The aim of the work is to review the profitability of off-grid preschools in a small municipality in central Sweden from an economic perspective. Method: This study is a case study that investigates the planned project of kindergartens in a smaller municipality in mid-Sweden. The kindergarten is supposed to be off-grid, self-sustained, in energy using photo voltaic cells on the roof together with hydrogen fuel cells. With this system the entire energy need of the building will be provided. Interviews are performed with participants of the project, both client and contractor. A document analysis is used to make an LCC analysis that compares the intended energy source with a geothermal one and zero energy building. Findings: It is not economically profitable to use hydrogen fuel cell in conjunction with photo voltaic cells as an energy source. The LCC analysis indicates that it is not profitable to invest in hydrogen fuel cells as an energy source since the initial cost is so high that it can´t be recouped within the life span of the building compared to the two other options investigated. The form factor is good but there is room for improvements especially in cut window area and a square shaped building that leads to smaller wall area and therefore less expensive building. Both the LCC analysis and the interviews indicate that hydrogen fuel cells as of today is an expensive technique. More political engagement is required to start debate about fuel cells and to create conditions for companies and individuals to be able to invest in the technique. It can however be profitable for a municipality in other ways, i.e. new industries and more jobs in the municipality. Implications: The conclusion is that it is not economically profitable to use hydrogen fuel cells as an energy source. The subject needs to be studied in a greater context considering the new industries generated by the municipality’s investment in hydrogen fuel cells. Limitations: The study generates from the planned project in Mariestads municipality and has not compared with other similar projects. The study investigates initial costs and maintenance costs and does not consider the environmental aspect in profitability.

Examensarbetet är gjort med avseendet på att kraven för nyproduktion av småhus skärps i Sverige under sommaren 2018, men även i samtliga EU-länder skall kraven vara genomförda innan år 2021. Kraven är riktade mot den totala energiförbrukningen av nybyggda bostäder i brukstillstånd och att specifik energianvändning som tidigare används ersätts med primärenergi för att räkna ut förbrukningen. Därför står hela byggbranschen inför stora förändringar men framförallt småhustillverkarna där deras tidigare krav med beräkningar utifrån specifik energianvändning inte längre gäller. Primärenergiberäkningen är baserad på specifika energibärare som nu blir betydligt viktigare för beräkningarna samt att formeln ser annorlunda ut vilket leder till nya värden som inte går att jämföra med tidigare kravnivåer. Undersökningen gjordes med hjälp av ett typhus från Vårgårda hus, målet var att huset skulle klara kraven oberoende av vart i landet det är placerat och vald uppvärmningskälla. Men även en viktig aspekt var hur prisskillnaderna på de olika konstruktions- och uppvärmningslösningar faller ut, detta gjordes med programvaran Bidcon för att tydligt se de ingående kostnader för varje fall. För att uppnå detta gjordes en parameterstudie med olika uppvärmningskällor och andra smarta konstruktionslösningar, för att se om huset klarade kraven på fyra olika geografiska lägen i Sverige med hjälp av VIP-Energy. Resultatet visar tydligt att typhuset enbart klarar kraven när det är placerat i Malmö i orginalutförande och inte i Lanna, Örebro län där det är placerat i verkligheten. Det gör att olika besparingslösningar krävs och det mest energieffektiva sättet är att utrusta huset med en Bergvärmepump och ett FTX-system för alla testade zoner. Dock blir det kostnadseffektivast med avseende på slutpriset att använda fjärrvärme med ett FTX-system för att klara kraven i alla de testade geografiska zonerna. / The thesis is done with consideration to the new stricter requirements for production of houses in Sweden during the summer of 2018, but the requirements must also be met in all EU countries before the year 2021. The requirements are directed against the total energy consumption of newly built dwellings at operation stage and that specific energy use previously used is replaced with primary energy to calculate consumption. Therefore, the whole construction industry is facing major changes, but above all house manufacturers where their previous requirements with calculations based on specific energy use are no longer valid. The primary energy calculation is based on specific energy carriers, which is much more important for the calculations, and the formula looks different, which leads to new values that cannot be compared with previous requirements levels. The survey was conducted using a specific house from Vårgårda hus, the goal was that the house would meet the requirements regardless of where in the country it is placed and selected heating source. But another important aspect was how the price differences on the different design and heating solutions panned out, this was done with the software Bidcon to clearly see the input costs for each case. To achieve this, a parameter study with different heating sources and other smart design solutions was made to see if the house passed the requirements of four different geographical locations in Sweden using VIP-Energy. The result shows clearly that our specific house only meets the requirements when it is placed in Malmö in the original design and not in Lanna, Örebro County where it is placed in reality. This means that different savings solutions are required and the most energy efficient way is to equip the house with a geothermal heat pump and an FTX system for all tested zones. However, it will be most cost-effective in terms of the final price to use district heating with an FTX system to meet the requirements of all the tested geographical zones.

Nesta dissertação buscou-se compreender quais eram e como foram construídas as representações sociais sobre o Bioma Pampa que circularam nas notícias do jornalismo de referência do Rio Grande do Sul no contexto da construção e aprovação do Zoneamento Ambiental da Silvicultura. A partir de uma Análise de Conteúdo das notícias dos jornais Correio do Povo e Zero Hora, entre abril de 2007 e abril de 2008, constatou-se o predomínio do enfoque de sustentabilidade ecotecnocrático. A identificação desta visão de mundo foi analisada sob o olhar do Jornalismo Ambiental e do aporte teórico-metodológico da Teoria das Representações Sociais. A inclusão das informações divulgadas no período sobre a biodiversidade do Bioma Pampa, através dos técnicos, professores, pesquisadores e ambientalistas vinculados aos órgãos estaduais e federais ambientais, universidades e ao movimento socioambiental, possibilitou o conhecimento do potencial do Bioma. Constatou-se a circulação do Bioma Pampa em apenas 10% das notícias selecionadas e, predominantemente, através das fontes menos ouvidas e contrárias ao modelo proposto. As fontes oficiais, como o Governo do Estado, as empresas da celulose e os aliados da implantação da Silvicultura, predominaram na circulação latente do Bioma Pampa, verificada em 90% das 246 notícias do período. Concluiu-se que o jornalismo ancorou as representações sociais na propagação e na difusão do desenvolvimento econômico-financeiro do agronegócio globalizado da celulose. Concluiu-se também, que a objetificação ocorreu através da publicação ora fragmentada ora generalizada do território. A pesquisa apresenta também a caracterização veiculada do Bioma Pampa e do Zoneamento Ambiental da Silvicultura, as representações sociais e explica o processo de construção das mesmas. / This dissertation sought to understand what they were and how they were built on the social representations that circulated in the Pampa Biome news journalism reference of Rio Grande do Sul in the context of construction and approval of the Zoning Environmental Forestry. From a content analysis of newspaper reports Correio do Povo and Zero Hora, between April 2007 and April 2008, it was found the main focus of sustainability ecotecnocrático. The identification of this worldview was analyzed under the gaze of the Environmental Journalism and the theoretical and methodological framework of Social Representation Theory. The inclusion of the information disclosed in the period on the biodiversity of the Pampa Biome, through coaches, teachers, researchers and environmentalists linked to state and federal environmental agencies, universities and the socio-environmental movement, made possible knowledge of the potential biome. It was noted the circulation of the Pampa Biome in only 10% of selected news and predominantly through the sources least heard and contrary to the model. The official sources, such as the State Government, enterprises in the pulp and the allies of the deployment of Forestry, dominated the movement's latent Pampa Biome, observed in 90% of the 246 stories of the period. It was concluded that journalism has anchored the social representations in the propagation and dissemination of economic and financial global agribusiness cellulose. It was also concluded that the objectification occurred through the publication of the now fragmented now widespread territory. The research also presents the characterization conveyed the Pampa Biome Environmental Zoning and Forestry, social representations and explains the process of building them.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central investigar como a atuação multiplataforma da instância de produção da empresa Zero Hora, em contexto de convergência jornalística, amplia os contratos de comunicação propostos aos seus públicos. Considera-se a hipótese de que quando uma organização noticiosa que trabalha com uma mídia tradicional como o jornal impresso, por exemplo, lança publicações suas na Web e em suportes móveis como celulares e tablets, acaba adaptando a sua atuação às potencialidades e às peculiaridades dos referidos contextos. Nesse sentido, amplia as suas possibilidades de relacionamento com o público. Assim, cria diferentes dispositivos de encenação e também diferentes contratos de comunicação. Parte-se das abordagens de Charaudeau (2007; 2008; 2010) para a reflexão sobre o contrato de comunicação no jornalismo. As suas possíveis mudanças a partir da convergência são discutidas com base nas análises de autores como Jenkins (2001; 2008), Pavlik e Mcintosh (2011), Domingo et. al. (2007) e Salaverría e Negredo (2008). Na parte metodológica é realizada, com inspiração na análise de discurso semiolinguística (CHARAUDEAU, 2010), a observação de Zero Hora em contexto de convergência jornalística. A pesquisa é direcionada para a observação da instância de produção da organização jornalística. São aplicadas técnicas da observação qualitativa indireta em 72 edições de Zero Hora, divididas em: 18 edições do jornal impresso, 18 edições de Zero Hora.com, 18 edições de Zero Hora no iPad e 18 edições de Zero Hora no iPhone. Além disso, foi realizada a entrevista semiestruturada com sete membros da equipe da empresa jornalística. Tal análise revelou que Zero Hora apresenta variações no seu perfil de enunciadora, no sentido de que propõe contratos de comunicação distintos em cada plataforma utilizada nas suas estratégias contemporâneas. A empresa trabalha com dispositivos de encenação da informação diferentes e com perfis de destinatários-alvo que variam de acordo com cada um dos referidos dispositivos. / This research was aimed at investigating how the performance of multiplatform production instance of the company "Zero Hora" in the context of convergence journalism, the contracts of communication, offered to its public, are extended. Is considered the hypothesis that when a communication vehicle launches traditional versions of their products on the web and mobile media such as mobile phones and tablets, among others, adapt its work to the capabilities and peculiarities of these contexts. Accordingly, increases the chances of relationship with the public. Thus, it may be creating new "devices" and also differentiated communication contracts. To reflect on it, the research considers approaches of Charaudeau (2007, 2008, 2010) on the communication contract in journalism. The possible changes in times of convergence are discussed considering the analyzes of authors such as Jenkins (2001, 2008), Pavlik and Mcintosh (2011), Domingo et. al. (2007) and Salaverria and Negredo (2008). The theoretical part is performed with inspiration in discourse analysis semiolinguistic (CHARAUDEAU, 2010), the observation of “Zero Hora” in the context of convergence journalism. The research is directed to observe the production instance of journalistic organization. Techniques are applied qualitative indirect observation in 72 editions of “Zero Hora”, divided into: 18 editions of the newspaper, Zero Hora.com 18 editions, 18 editions of Zero Hora on the iPad and 18 editions of Zero Hora on the iPhone. In addition, we performed a semi-structured interviews with seven staff members of news organization. This analysis revealed that Zero Hour varies in its profile enunciator in that it proposes different communication contracts on each platform used in their contemporary strategies. The company works with devices from different staging information and target audience profiles that vary with each of said devices.

Esta tese tem como objetivo o estudo das estratégias narrativas jornalísticas utilizadas para re/construir, simbolicamente, as identidades das pessoas pobres e socialmente excluídas. O jornal analisado na pesquisa é o Zero Hora de Porto Alegre/RS, no período de 2003 a 2008. A narratologia se constitui na ferramenta de análise das matérias jornalísticas. A tese está dividida em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, são articuladas as bases conceituais e metodológicas utilizadas para orientar a investigação. O segundo contempla o estudo da midiatização da cidadania e do espaço público. No terceiro capítulo, busca-se problematizar a natureza, as tensões, as estratégias e as mediações da narrativa jornalística. No capítulo quarto são abordadas as propostas do jornalismo público, os saberes e competências, necessários a essa prática de dimensão política e educativa. No último, são apresentadas as conclusões da tese. A pesquisa indica que a construção das identidades da maioria dos personagens foi caracterizada com base em um referencial em termos culturais, econômicos, sociais e morais. Conclui-se que, no campo jornalístico e no caso específico do jornal Zero Hora, convivem, no mínimo, duas correntes de pensamentos e prática narrativa: uma mais crítica, propositiva, humanista e cidadã, que constrói a notícia des/construindo a realidade vigente e fundamentada na linguagem dos direitos e outra corrente, mais comercial e tradicional que se mostra competente na linguagem do espetáculo e da convergência tecnológica. / This thesi has for objective the study of the journalistic narrative strategies used for re/construction, symbolically, the poor people's identities and socially excluded. The newspaper analyzed in the research is Zero Hora of Porto Alegre/RS city, in the period from 2003 to 2008. The narrative logy it is constituted in the tool of analysis of the journalistic matters. The thesi is divided in five chapters. In the first, they are articulate the conceptual and methodological bases used to guide the investigation. The second contemplates the study of the mediatization of the citizenship and of the public space. In the third chapter, it's looked for to problematize the nature, the tensions, the strategies and the mediations of the journalistic narrative. In the four chapter are approached the proposals of the public journalism, know them and competences, necessary that practice of political and educational dimension. In the last, are presented the conclusions of the thesi. The research indicates that the construction of the identities of most of the people is characterized with base in a referential in terms cultural, economical, social and moral. It is ended that, in the journalistic field and in the specific case of the newspaper Zero Hora, live together, in the minimum, two currents of thoughts and narrative practice: a more critic, pro-positive, humanist and citizen, that builds the news des/constraint the effective reality and based in the language of the rights and other current, more commercial and traditional than is shown competent in the language of the show and of the technological convergence.