Submitted by FRANCISCO SÉRGIO DOS SANTOS null (fsergio.santos@gmail.com) on 2017-06-23T13:10:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_FRANCISCO_SERGIO_DOS_SANTOS.pdf: 6603447 bytes, checksum: a50e5f7ef38c8d0f9877a04d8d72b92e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-23T17:33:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_fs_dr_bot.pdf: 6603447 bytes, checksum: a50e5f7ef38c8d0f9877a04d8d72b92e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-23T17:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_fs_dr_bot.pdf: 6603447 bytes, checksum: a50e5f7ef38c8d0f9877a04d8d72b92e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-19 / Rede de computadores são elementos fundamentais no processo de comunicação. Esses componentes exigem o acompanhamento constante de suas tarefas e são administrados por sistemas de informações que coletam os dados diariamente, para orientar os analistas de suporte na correção das falhas na infraestrutura e a ferramenta utilizada na gestão de recursos de rede de computadores é o protocolo SNMP. As infraestruturas de geração de energia elétrica também são elementos complexos e necessitam de acompanhamento. São utilizados sistemas de informação que disponibilizam dados para os usuários e responsáveis técnicos para avaliarem o funcionamento e corrigir as possíveis falhas. As redes de computadores e os sistemas de geração distribuídas estão convergindo para o ambiente do usuário, e as ferramentas de gestão são importantes são mecanismos na gestão da produção e consumo de energia elétrica. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um sistema de monitoramento on line para sistema de microgeração fotovoltaica utilizando o protocolo de rede de computadores Single Network Management Protocol (SNMP) para realizar a interface de comunicação com as variáveis de medições elétricas e meteorológicas. O desenvolvimento do projeto compõe dois componentes: hardware e software. O software é composto de dois módulos um para ser utilizado na Web, aplicações Desktop para uso em computadores que suportem sistemas operacionais como o Windows, Linux ou Mac e em dispositivos móveis. As funcionalidades programadas são cadastros das informações para o funcionamento do sistema, relatórios e gráficos que disponibilizam as informações ordenadas em vários níveis, diariamente, semanalmente, anualmente. Nos componentes de hardware foram utilizados cinco microcontroladores Atmel AVR, (Arduino) todos ligados à sensores e programados para a leitura de geração e consumo de energia elétrica e variáveis ambientais, como velocidade do vento, radiância solar, temperatura e níveis de chuva no período, e controle do sistema de bombeamento com duas motos bombas. Todos os experimentos foram realizados na central de microgeração distribuída fotovoltaica (MGD-PV) do Sítio Modelo da fazenda Lageado e no Laboratório de Energias Renováveis do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, nas Faculdades de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, campus de Botucatu. O laboratório de Energias Renováveis é o Servidor do sistema e as distâncias são muito variáveis entre todos os microcontroladores, de 32 metros a 260 metros e para realizar o processo de coleta dos dados nos diversos pontos e suprir essa distância foi necessário a construção e configuração de uma infraestrutura de comunicação baseada nas tecnologias ZigBee, para conectar os cincos microcontroladores. Os dados são coletados em intervalos regulares de cinco minutos, às variáveis ambientais são acompanhadas vinte e quatro horas por dia e às variáveis de geração de energia elétrica entre sete da manhã e dezessete horas da tarde. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017. Os componentes de hardware e de software apresentaram rendimentos satisfatórios no processamento das informações através da interface criada pelo protocolo SNMP na comunicação e nas transmissões dos dados gerados pelos sensores, na configuração e mapeamento os objetos para construção da MIB para serem utilizados nas medições elétricas e variáveis ambientais. / Computer networks are fundamental elements in the communication process. Such components demand constant supervision of their tasks and are managed by information systems, which daily collect data to guide support analysts when correcting glitches in the infrastructure. Protocol SNMP is the tool used for managing resources of the computer network. The infrastructures of electric energy generation are also complex elements and require monitoring. Information systems are utilized, which provide data to users and technical professionals, so they can evaluate functioning and correct possible errors. Computer networks and systems of distributed generation are converging towards the user’s environment, so, management tools are important mechanisms in the control of production and consumption of electric energy. Thus, this work aims at developing an online monitoring system for photovoltaic microgeneration using the Single Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to perform the communication interface with the variables of electrical and metereological measurements. The project development is composed of two elements: hardware and software. The software consists of two modules: one to be used on the Web, Desktop apps for use in computers that can carry operational systems such as Windows, Linux or Mac and one to be used in mobile devices. Programmed functionalities include information register for the functioning of the system; reports and graphs that show information ordained in several levels, daily, weekly and annually. As to hardware, we used five microcontrolers Atmel AVR, (Arduino) connected to sensors and programmed for reading the production and consumption of electric energy as well as environmental variables, such as wind speed, solar radiance, temperature and rain levels during the period and control of the pumping system with two motor pumps. All experiments were carried out at the Distributed Photovoltaic Microgeneration Central (MGD-PV) on a Model Farm and at the Renewable Energies Laboratory of the Agronomy College at UNESP, in Botucatu. The Renewable Energies Laboratory is the server of the system and the distances among all microcontrolers vary from 32 to 260 meters. Therefore, in order to collect data from several locations and neutralize such distance, we needed to build and configure a communication infrastructure based on ZigBee technologies to connect the five microcontrolers. Data are collected during five-minute intervals; environmental variables are followed twenty four hours a day and the variables of electric energy production between 7am and 5pm. Data were collected between September 2016 and February 2017. Hardware and software components showed satisfactory performance at processing information through the interface created by the SNMP protocol regarding communication and transmission of the data generated by sensors as well as on the configuration and mapping objects for the construction of the MIB to be used in electrical measurements and environmental variables.

A mitigação de desastres naturais exige respostas rápidas e confiáveis. No Brasil, a estação de chuvas provoca muitos alagamentos em regiões urbanas e, para monitorar esse fenômeno, foi instalada em São Carlos-SP uma rede de sensores sem fio para acompanhar o nível de água dos rios da cidade. Entretanto, essa rede de sensores está suscetível a falhas que podem comprometer o funcionamento do sistema, e a adoção de mecanismos redundantes e de redes móveis 3G podem acarretar em custos proibitivos à monitoração desses rios, além de não garantirem a operação normal desse monitoramento. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma solução baseada em veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT) para reduzir os problemas oriundos das falhas em uma rede de sensores para detectar desastres naturais como enchentes e deslizamentos. Na solução proposta, o VANT pode ser transportado para o sítio do desastre para minimizar os problemas provenientes das falhas (por exemplo, para servir como um roteador ou até mesmo para servir como uma mula de dados e transmitir imagens em tempo real para equipes de resgate). Estudos foram conduzidos em um protótipo real, equipado com o UAV Brain (módulo computacional desenvolvido especificamente para este projeto), para uma análise exploratória do consumo energético do VANT e do rádio transmissor que equipa o VANT. Os resultados mostram que a melhor situação para o rádio comunicador se dá quando o VANT está no ar e com uma antena de maior ganho, e os fatores que mais influenciam no consumo energético do rádio são a altura do VANT e o tipo de antena utilizado. Além disso, tais resultados mostram também a viabilidade desta proposta em redes de sensores sem fio linear e esparsa. / The mitigation of natural disasters requires quick and reliable answers. In Brazil, the rainy season causes many flooding in urban areas and, to monitor this phenomenon, a wireless sensor network to monitor the water level of the citys rivers was installed in São Carlos-SP. However, this sensor network is susceptible to failures that may jeopardize the operation of the system, and the adoption of redundant mechanisms and 3G mobile networks may result in prohibitive costs to the monitoring of these rivers, and does not guarantee the normal operation of monitoring. This work presents an aerial vehicle-based solution unmanned (UAV) to reduce the problems originated from failures in a network of sensors to detect natural disasters such as floods and landslides. In the proposed solution, the UAV can be transported to the disaster site to minimize problems arising from failures (eg, to serve as a router or even to serve as a data mule and transmit images in real time for rescue teams). Studies were conducted in a real prototype, equipped with UAV Brain (computational module developed specifically for this project), for an exploratory analysis of the energy consumption UAV and radio transmitter fitted to the UAV. The results show that the best situation for the radio communicator is when the UAV is in the air and with a higher gain antenna, and the factors that most influence on the radio energy consumption are the height of the UAV and the type of antenna used. Furthermore, these results also show the feasibility of this proposal in linear and sparse wireless sensor networks.

This work deals with a telemetry system for agricultural mechanization, using GSM / GPRS and ZigBee Radio Frequency. The whole system is a mechanism for collecting and transmitting data at one point moving to a fixed basis, with a system integration and validation. The system gives priority to transmit GSM / GPRS, permitting as an alternative transmission over ZigBee, controlled common mechanism for failure detection, in case of loss of the GSM / GPRS connection the alternative transmission begins, as the system tries to establish a new connection with the priority transmission , thus making the transmission system redundant. The results were satisfactory as the system ensured the transmission of data with fault tolerance and redundantly in remote locations and different reliefs. / O presente trabalho aborda a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de um sistema de telemetria para a mecanização agrícola e utiliza tecnologia de transmissão de dados sobre telefonia móvel, GSM/GPRS e Rádio Frequência, através do Zigbee. O sistema como um todo consiste em um mecanismo de coleta e transmissão de dados em um ponto móvel para uma base fixa, com uma forma de integração e validação dos dados. O sistema dá prioridade para a transmissão GSM/GPRS e deixa como alternativa a transmissão por ZigBee, controlado por um mecanismo de detecção de falhas que, em caso de perda da conexão do GSM/GPRS, começa a transmissão alternativa, enquanto o sistema tenta restabelecer uma conexão com a transmissão prioritária e torna o sistema de transmissão redundante. Os resultados alcançados foram satisfatórios pois o sistema garantiu a transmissão dos dados com tolerância a falhas e de forma redundante em locais remotos e de relevos diferenciados.

Today energy resources are becoming scarcer and therefore more valuable. In conjunction with the population growth over last century, the need for finding new, more efficient, and sustainable methods of agricultural cultivation and food production has become more critical. To facilitate this process, we are designing, building, and evaluating a system for precision agriculture which provides farmers with useful data about the soil, the water supply, and the general condition of their fields in a user friendly, easily accessible manner. Our system aims to make cultivation and irrigation more efficient as the farmer is able to make better informed decisions and thus save time and resources. The diversity of location and climatic effects upon agricultural cultivation, along with other environmental parameters over time makes the farmer’s decision-making process more complicated and requires additional empirical knowledge. Applying wireless sensor networks for monitoring environmental parameters and combining this information with a user-customized web service may enable farmers to exploit their knowledge in an efficient way in order to extract the best results from their agricultural cultivation. The system can scale based on each farmer’s demands and the resulting ensemble of collected information may represent a valuable resource for future use, in addition to its use for real-time decision making. The design of the precision agriculture system contains a prototype solution regarding the sensor platform and a customizable service that can be utilized in different ways and by several entities. / Idag när energiresurser blir allt knappare och knappare blir de även mer värdefulla. I samband med befolkningstillväxten under förra århundradet har behovet av att hitta nya, mer effektiva och hållbara metoder inom jordbruket och livsmedelsproduktion blivit av allt större vikt. . För att underlätta denna process har vi designat, byggt och utvärderat ett system för precisionsjordbruk som ger bönder mer användbara data om jorden, vattenförsörjning och det allmänna tillståndet i sina områden på ett användarvänligt och lättillgängligt sätt. Vårt system syftar till att göra odling och bevattning effektivare då bonden kan fatta bättre underbyggda beslut och därmed spara tid och resurser. Mångfalden av läget och jordbrukets klimatpåverkan, tillsammans med andra miljöparametrar över tiden gör bondens beslutsprocess mer komplicerad än tidigare och kräver ytterligare empirisk kunskap. Att tillämpa trådlösa sensornätverk för övervakning av dessa parametrar och att presentera? denna information med en användarvänlig skräddarsydd webbtjänst kan göra det möjligt för jordbrukare att utnyttja på ett effektivt sätt nåde bästa resultaten från sitt jordbruk. Systemet kan skala utifrån varje bondes krav och den insamlade data kan utgöra en värdefull resurs för ett framtida jordbruk, utöver dess användning för dagens bondes beslut. Utformningen av systemet för precisionsjordbruk innehåller en prototyplösning avseende sensorplattformen och en anpassningsbar tjänst som kan användas på olika sätt och av flera enheter.

Arbetet utvärderar Ikea TRÅDFRI rörelsesensors kommunikationsprotokoll utifrån ett säkerhetsperspektiv. Internet of Things expanderar och i takt med utvecklingen är det viktigt att granska produkter på marknaden för att se hur säkerhet är implementerat. I rapporten utforskas flera olika sätt att utvärdera produkten för att få en god helhetsbild. Detta innefattar metoder kring hur en obehörig kan få tillgång till information genom avlyssning, ifall en obehörig skulle kunna ta över kommunikationen genom att parkoppla till en ljuskälla på ett långt avstånd samt en bedömning av sårbarhetsgrad utifrån Totalförsvarets forskningsinstituts kartläggning. Resultatet påvisar möjligheten att utnyttja enheten genom en sidokanalsattack samt hur parkoppling kan ske på ett längre avstånd än vad som enligt specifikationen ska vara möjligt. / This report evaluates the Ikea TRÅDFRI motion sensor communication protocol from a security point of view. Internet of Things is constantly expanding and with its growth it is important to examine products on the market to see how security is implemented. Different options on ways to evaluate the product is explored in the report. That includes methods of how an unauthorized person could gain access to information through eavesdropping, if they could take over the communication by pairing to a light source from a long distance, and an assessment of the degree of vulnerability by Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut. The results show that it is possible to exploit the device through a side-channel attack and also how pairing is enabled on a longer distance than what is specified.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are popular for their wide scope of application domains ranging from agricultural, medical, defense, industrial, social, mining, etc. Many of these applications are in outdoor type environments that are unregulated and unpredictable, thus, potentially hostile or physically harsh for sensors. The popularity of WSNs stems from their fundamental concept of being low cost and ultra-low power wireless devices that can monitor and report sensor readings with little user intervention, which has led to greater demand for WSN deployment in harsh industrial environments. We argue that there are a new set of architectural challenges and requirements imposed on the hardware, software, and network architecture of a wireless sensor platform to operate effectively under harsh industrial environments, which are not met by currently available WSN platforms. We propose a new sensor platform, called Sprouts. Sprouts is a readily deployable, physically rugged, volumetrically miniature, modular, network standard, plug-and-play (PnP), and easy to use sensor platform that will assist university researchers, developers, and industrial companies to evaluate WSN applications in the field, and potentially bring about new application domains that were previously difficult to accomplish using off the shelf WSN development platforms. Therefore, we addresses the inherent requirements and challenges across the hardware, software, and network layer required for designing and implementing Sprouts sensor platform for harsh industrial environments. We fully implement the hardware, network, and software architecture for the Sprouts platform and verify that they meet the requirements for harsh environments. We deploy the Sprouts platform customized with our PnP ultrasound sensor module in an industrial application to monitor the health conditions of Syncrude's vibration screens operating under extreme harsh conditions. Sprouts has been showcased in OCE Discovery 2011, and has been proven to be extremely valuable for industrial mining companies such as Syncrude. / Thesis (Ph.D, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-28 16:14:48.223

Este trabalho propõe a integração de técnicas de sensoriamento dinâmico, redes de dados sem fio e internet. A implementação dos nós da rede visa permitir o monitoramento de objetos que se movem tanto numa rede interna, limitada a uma edificação, quanto numa rede externa, através de coordenadas GPSs (Global Position Systems). A rede sem fio, que utiliza o protocolo ZigBee, é composta por sensores, atuadores e lâmpadas e é dotada de mobilidade através de controles remotos1. A rede ZigBee é integrada, através de um gateway, a uma rede TCP/IP para permitir o monitoramento e a atuação remota sobre ela, via um servidor HTTP e/ou uma rede de dados celular (GPRS), que, quando fora do alcance dos nós da rede ZigBee interna, torna-se responsável pelo envio de coordenadas GPS na rede externa, garantindo a onipresença do monitoramento. Além das adaptações na pilha TCP/IP e o desenvolvimento de um software que utiliza a rede GPRS para envio de coordenadas GPS, destacam-se, como contribuições originais desta tese: (i) a solução de problemas da pilha ZigBee original no tocante a endereçamento, que impossibilitava a mobilidade na rede - desta forma, uma nova técnica de endereçamento seqüencial foi implementada com sucesso; (ii) novo código que simulou o AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), tanto para encriptação quanto para desencriptação dos dados. Testes para validação dos protótipos desenvolvidos são apresentados / This MSc Thesis proposes the integration of dynamic sensing techniques, wireless data network and Internet. The implementation of network nodes aims to allow monitoring of moving objects, either inside an internal network, limited to one area, or in an external network, through GPS\'s (Global Position Systems). The wireless network, which uses the ZigBee protocol, is composed of sensors, actuators and lamps, and is endowed with mobility through remote controls. Thus, it is integrated, through a gateway, to a TCP / IP network to allow remote monitoring and acting on it via an HTTP server and / or a mobile data network (GPRS), responsible for sending the GPS coordinates on the external network, ensuring the ubiquity of monitoring. Further to adaptations in the TCP/IP stack and the development of a software that uses GPRS protocol to send GPS coordinates, the main contributions of this work are: (i) proposal of a new addressing technique, based on a sequential numbering of nodes, instead of the standard one, thus solving problems related to mobility in the network; (ii) proposal of a new security code to emulate AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), either for data encryption or decryption. Tests for validation of the developed prototypes will be presented

In order to develop secure Internet of Things (IoT) devices, it is vital that security isconsidered throughout the development process. However, this is not enough as vulnerabledevices still making it to the open market. To try and solve this issue, this thesis presentsa structured methodology for performing security analysis of IoT platforms. The presented methodology is based on a black box perspective, meaning that theanalysis starts without any prior knowledge of the system. The aim of the presentedmethodology is to obtain information in such a way as to recreate the system design fromthe implementation. In turn, the recreated system design can be used to identify potentialvulnerabilities. Firstly the potential attack surfaces are identified, which the methodology calls inter-faces. These interfaces are the point of communication or interaction between two partsof a system. Secondly, since interfaces do not exist in isolation, the surrounding contextsin which these interfaces exist in are identified. Finally the information processed by theseinterfaces and their contexts are analyzed. Once the information processed by the iden-tified interfaces in their respective contexts are analysed, a risk assessment is performedbased on this information. The methodology is evaluated by performing an analysis of the IKEA “TRÅDFRI”smart lighting platform. By analysing the firmware update process of the IKEA “TRÅD-FRI” platform it can be concluded that the developers have used standardized protocolsand standardized cryptographic algorithms and use these to protect devices from ma-licious firmware. The analysis does however find some vulnerabilities, even though thedevelopers have actively taken steps to protect the system.

ZigBee在無線網路技術中，乃屬較新之無線傳輸技術, 其特色為低電耗、可控制大量感測裝置、反應時間短、建置成本低廉等。其遵循IEEE802.15.4標準與ZigBee通訊協定標準，目前已有ZigBee Alliance制定相關標準與推動此技術，而控制晶片以德州儀器(TI)為主要制訂及生產供應商。ZigBee網路支援星狀、樹狀、網狀三種網路架構，其裝置角色有Coordinator、Router, End Device三種。目前主要應用有軍事為健康、環境、健康、家庭及商業等方面。應用上除了利用韌體方式實作裝置對裝置的控制，有些應用尚需借由應用程式才能達成。本論文主要強調利用API讓應用程式控制裝置取得感測資料更為容易，其亦可解決同時回報或監測所有裝置之問題。 目前整個API針對裝置晶片控制指令集定義成一類別，此部份可依不同晶片版本做類別庫切換。另外，定義如何與Serial Port溝通，以及傳輸指令或資料時是否符合ZigBee通訊協定要求之判斷。基於以上類別庫之定義，最後定義DeviceManager類別,當作管理裝置之物件，而該類別中，為讓開發者更容易操作，將各類感測讀取動作，封裝成方法(Method)定義之。 基於已定義完成之API，為讓開發者更了解ZigBee運作，列出主要七種運作流程， 並說明讀取感測資料之程式控制方式，以及如何擴充新類型感測裝置之方法(Method)，而這些流程與控制方式透過整個網路管理軟體的實作更能體現之。 / ZigBee is a cutting-edge wireless transmission technology, characterized by consuming little power, controlling multiple sensor devices, reacting quickly, and needing low implementing costs, etc. This technology follows IEEE802.15.4 and ZigBee communications protocol. ZigBee-based sensors are widely used in many domains, such as military, natural environments, health, family, and business. Many existing applications of ZigBee use firmware controlling devices, but higher-level application programs are still required to realize some applications. This thesis focuses on how to use Application Programming Interface (API) for controlling devices to collect sensor data and how to solve the problems on reporting data and monitoring all the devices used. In particular, we define the DeviceManager class that controls the set of instructions of device chips and communicates with serial ports as well as determines whether transfer instructions and data by following the standard of ZigBee protocol. For developers' convenience, we further encapsulate different sensor-reading actions into method. Based on the above API definitions, we list seven implementation flows for developers to understand the implementation of ZigBee. This thesis also describes how to use programming control to read sensor data and how to expand new sensor devices. These flows and control methods can be easily achieved by network management software.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeffersonDF_DISSERT.pdf: 1592605 bytes, checksum: aa61d131dd2eadfff386030e41f5bd71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-22 / The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) methods applied to the lifting of oil present as an area with growing demand technical and scientific in view of the optimizations that can be carried forward with existing processes. This dissertation has as main objective to present the development of embedded systems dedicated to a wireless sensor network based on IEEE 802.15.4, which applies the ZigBee protocol, between sensors, actuators and the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), aiming to solve the present problems in the deployment and maintenance of the physical communication of current elevation oil units based on the method Plunger-Lift. Embedded systems developed for this application will be responsible for acquiring information from sensors and control actuators of the devices present at the well, and also, using the Modbus protocol to make this network becomes transparent to the PLC responsible for controlling the production and delivery information for supervisory SISAL / As Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) aplicadas aos m?todos de eleva??o de petr?leo se apresentam como uma ?rea com crescente demanda t?cnico-cient?fica tendo em vista as otimiza??es que podem ser realizadas frente aos processos existentes. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados dedicados a uma rede de sensores sem fio baseada no padr?o IEEE 802.15.4, onde se aplica o protocolo ZigBee, entre os sensores, atuadores e o CLP (Controlador L?gico Program?vel), visando solucionar os problemas presentes nas fases de implanta??o e manuten??o da comunica??o f?sica atual das unidades de eleva??o de petr?leo baseadas no m?todo Plunger-Lift. Os sistemas embarcados desenvolvidos para essa aplica??o ser?o respons?veis por interpretar as informa??es dos sensores e comandar os atuadores dos dispositivos presentes no po?o, como tamb?m utilizar o protocolo Modbus para fazer com que essa rede se torne transparente para o CLP respons?vel pelo controle da produ??o e envio das informa??es para o supervis?rio SISAL