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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2017. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-13T03:12:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 349926.pdf: 8553532 bytes, checksum: d6c1808112d7c50dfc45fd8743685676 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Nesta Tese, estudamos o comportamento estacionário e dinâmico de um sistema de partículas interagentes não-Markoviano. Com base em modelos epidemiológicos clássicos espacialmente estruturados, apresentamos um modelo de rede com dinâmica estocástica que considera interações competitivas dependentes da história evolutiva do sistema e da topologia da rede em que a dinâmica é realizada. Para um dado nodo i com grau ki, além das variáveis de estado si=v, A, B, que representam nodo vazio, ocupado por uma partícula do tipo A ou ocupado por uma partícula do tipo B, respectivamente, também atribuímos a cada nodo um estado de adaptação, ou fitness, fi, que evolui no tempo e determina as taxas dos processos dinâmicos possíveis na vizinhança do nodo i através de uma dada função ?(fi,fj,ki,t). No contexto epidemiológico, um nodo vazio representa um indivíduo suscetível ao contágio de duas epidemias. Incluímos um processo de interação entre essas doenças, no qual uma partícula A transforma-se numa partícula B, representando uma tipo de mutação epidêmica, definida pela taxa ?m. Atribuímos ao sistema uma capacidade de memorização de fitness, regulada por um parâmetro de decaimento ?, e investigamos os efeitos provenientes da memória e da topologia através de simulações de Monte Carlo Dinâmico na rede quadrada e Barabási-Albert com diferentes valores de ?. As simulações apresentam concordância qualitativa com as previsões de campo médio para o comportamento estacionário do modelo. Os diagramas de fases para as redes consideradas são semelhantes, apresentando uma fase com a presença de ambas epidemias, dependendo da taxa de mutação ?m. / Abstract : In this thesis we study the stationary and dynamic behavior of a non-Markovian interacting particle system. Based on spatially structured classic epidemiological models, we present a network model with stochastic dynamics that considers competitive interactions dependent on the evolutionary history of the system, and also on the network topology over which the dynamics is performed. For a given node i with degree ki, in addition to the state variables si=v, A, B, which represent vacant node, occupied by particle of type A or occupied by particle of type B, respectively, we also assign to each node an adaptation, or fitness state, fi, which evolves in time and determines the rates of the possible dynamic processes in the neighborhood of the node i by means of a given function $ ?(fi,fj,ki,t). In the epidemiological context, an empty node represents an individual susceptible to the contagion of two epidemics. We have included an interaction process between these diseases, in which an A particle becomes a B particle, representing a type of epidemics mutation defined by the rate ?m. We attribute to the system a memory fitness capability, regulated by a decay parameter ?, and investigate the effects of memory and topology through Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations in the square lattice and the Barabási-Albert network with different values of ?. The simulations show qualitative agreement with the mean field predictions for the stationary behavior of the model. The phase diagrams for the networks considered are similar, presenting a phase with the presence of both epidemics, depending on the mutation rate ?m.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Contabilidade, Florianópolis, 2017. / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-28T16:29:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 347861.pdf: 1661421 bytes, checksum: c4bf5390ef12596a7e4405d73b312fc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Existem perspectivas teóricas nas pesquisas de âmbito gerencial que abordam objetivos relacionados à criação de vantagem competitiva e estratégia. A Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) apresenta-se como uma das teorias mais aceitas na atualidade no âmbito gerencial e estratégico. A teoria propõe que recursos e capacidades internos da organização, uma vez que se configurem como valiosos, raros, inimitáveis e organizados apresentam-se como fonte de vantagem competitiva e, consequentemente, desenvolvem desempenho superior. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo possui como objetivo geral analisar as relações entre recursos e capacidades, vantagem competitiva e desempenho organizacional em indústrias automotivas do Estado de Santa Catarina. Essas indústrias figuram-se em um ambiente extremamente competitivo, assim, são compatíveis com as premissas da VBR. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de levantamento mediante um questionário, obtendo-se como amostra trinta e seis empresas, equivalente a 6,48% da população total.Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a regressão logística multinomial. Observaram-se nas respostas que os respondentes acreditam possuírem recursos e capacidades que obedecem às premissas da VBR e que consideram os recursos tecnológicos, financeiros, humanos e organizacionais e suas capacidades como combinações adequadas para a criação de vantagem competitiva, exploração de oportunidades de mercado e defesa contra ameaças dos concorrentes. Em relação ao desempenho organizacional, os respondentes acreditam na qualidade de seus produtos e na sua habilidade de satisfazer os clientes e consumidores, ainda, afirmam que o crescimento de vendas e receitas e produtividade de suas empresas superam às dos concorrentes. Observaram-se correlação entre as variáveis de orientação de recursos, vantagem competitiva e desempenho organizacional, já a de tamanho não apresentou correlação com nenhuma das variáveis anteriores. Os resultados das regressões demonstraram relações positivas entre a variável de orientação de recursos e vantagem competitiva e vantagem competitiva e desempenho organizacional. Já a relação de orientação de recursos e desempenho organizacional não se apresentou significativa. A variável de tamanho não se mostrou significativa em nenhuma dessas relações. Com esses resultados encontrou-se relação entre as variáveis de orientação de recursos e vantagem competitiva e entre vantagem competitiva e desempenho organizacional. Porém, a relação entre orientação de recursos e desempenho organizacional não foi constatada na amostra. Entende-se, portanto, que a variável de vantagem competitiva é necessária como mediadora para a relação entre orientação de recursos e desempenho organizacional. A relevância da criação de vantagem competitiva nas organizações é debatida em inúmeros estudos sobre gestão estratégica. Uma vez que, as empresas estão em busca constante por melhorar sua eficiência e desempenho e mitigar as ameaças dos concorrentes.<br> / Abstract : There are theoretical perspectives in managerial research that address objectives related to the creation of competitive advantage and strategy. The Resource-Based View (VBR) is one of the most accepted theories at the present time in the managerial and strategic scope. The theory proposes that the internal resources and capabilities of the organization, once they are configured as valuable, rare, inimitable and organized, present themselves as a source of competitive advantage and consequently develop superior performance. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the relationship between resources and capabilities, competitive advantage and organizational performance in automotive industries in the State of Santa Catarina. These industries are in an extremely competitive environment, so they are compatible with the VBR premises. To do so, a survey was carried out by means of a questionnaire, obtaining as sample thirty-six companies, equivalent to 6.48% of the total population. For the data analysis, multinomial logistic regression was used. Respondents believe that they have resources and capabilities that comply with VBR's premises and that they consider technological, financial, human and organizational resources and their capabilities as appropriate combinations for creating competitive advantage, exploiting market opportunities and Against threats from competitors. Regarding organizational performance, respondents believe in the quality of their products and in their ability to satisfy customers and consumers, yet they claim that their companies' sales, revenues and productivity growth outperform competitors. There was a correlation between the variables of resource orientation, competitive advantage and organizational performance, while size did not correlate with any of the previous variables. The regression results showed positive relationships between the resource orientation variable and competitive advantage and competitive advantage and organizational performance. The relationship of resource orientation and organizational performance was not significant. The size variable was not significant in any of these relationships. With these results we found a relationship between resource orientation and competitive advantage variables and between competitive advantage and organizational performance. However, the relationship between resource orientation and organizational performance was not found in the sample. It is understood, therefore, that the variable of competitive advantage is necessary as mediator for the relation between orientation of resources and organizational performance. The relevance of creating competitive advantage in organizations is discussed in numerous studies on strategic management. Since, companies are constantly striving to improve their efficiency and performance and mitigate the threats of competitors.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Anapatrícia de Oliveira Morales Vilha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2017.

Submitted by Cristhiane Guerra (cristhiane.guerra@gmail.com) on 2017-01-10T14:11:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2451306 bytes, checksum: 4cc37769a956ed563be1cb7cc19bc528 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T14:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2451306 bytes, checksum: 4cc37769a956ed563be1cb7cc19bc528 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-17 / In the context of a globalized world the democratization of the state has become a central theme in contemporary political theory and its process aims at tackling the structural contradictions that caused the emergence of different conceptions of state reforms, in order to highlight democratic legitimacy. The literature devoted to this theme shows, in its debates, points of disagreements, however, it presents an intersection point that the democratization demand the deepening of accountability, understood as the necessity of the State to account their actions to society by creating mechanisms democratic participation. In this context, the use of the accountability model, as a result of democratic models, also comes to the educational field, because the dispute between countries for competitive place in the global market has led governments to be concerned about the result of their school system and this necessity has been answered by implementing accountability policies. This model has been developed in European countries, North American and in Brazil. The research aims to examine whether the accountability strategies deployed in the network management system of basic education of the Department of Education of Pernambuco State - Brazil - favored mechanisms of democratic management, opportunities for participation and participatory experiences and empowerment. This is an exploratory study, performed through documentary research. The documents were organized according to their peculiar characteristics as political, regulatory and administrative. Data analysis was carried out from categories prepared based on the theoretical framework and through the of content analysis method. The results indicate that the accountability model implemented in the network management system of basic education in Pernambuco consists of evaluation, accountability and reporting, as well as meet the essential elements of accountability processes: information, justification and the sanction. This study has limitations, so we recommend a deepening of the proposed theme, in order to understand the long-term effects of the reform undertaken in the state of Pernambuco. / No contexto do mundo globalizado a democratização do Estado tornou-se tema central na teoria política contemporânea e seu processo tem em vista o enfrentamento das contradições estruturais que fizeram surgir diferentes concepções de reformas do Estado, com o objetivo de ressaltar a legitimidade democrática. A literatura dedicada a essa temática apresenta, em seus debates, pontos de discordâncias, entretanto, apresenta um ponto de interseção de que a democratização demanda o aprofundamento da accountability, entendida como a necessidade do Estado de prestar contas de suas ações à sociedade, criando mecanismos democráticos de participação (BROOKE, 2006). Nesse contexto, a utilização do modelo de accountability, como resultado dos modelos democráticos, chega também ao campo educacional, porquanto a disputa entre os países por lugares competitivos no mercado global levou os governos a se preocuparem com os resultados dos seus sistemas escolares e essa necessidade tem sido respondida pela implementação de políticas de accountability. Esse modelo tem sido desenvolvido em países europeus, norte-americanos e também no Brasil. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar se as estratégias de accountability implantadas no sistema de gestão da rede de ensino básico da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de Pernambuco - Brasil - favoreceram mecanismos de gestão democrática, espaços de participação e experiências participativas e de empoderamento. O estudo é de natureza exploratória, realizado através da técnica de pesquisa documental. Os documentos foram organizados em função de suas características peculiares como políticos, regulatórios e administrativos. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir de categorias elaboradas com base no referencial teórico e através do método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que o modelo de accountability implantado no sistema de gestão da rede de ensino básico de Pernambuco é constituído de avaliação, responsabilização e prestação de contas, bem como obedece aos elementos essenciais de processos de accountability: a informação, a justificação e a sansão.

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Les normes de construction pour des bâtiments de plus en plus économes en énergie (BBC) nécessitent une attention particulière. Ces normes reposent sur l’amélioration des performances thermiques de l’enveloppe du bâtiment associé à un effet capacitif des murs augmentant la constante de temps du bâtiment. La prévision de la demande en énergie de bâtiments BBC est plutôt complexe. Ce travail aborde cette question par la mise en œuvre d’intelligence artificielle(IA). Deux approches de mise en œuvre ont été proposées : « all data » et « relevant data ». L’approche « all data » utilise la totalité de la base de données. L’approche « relevant data » consiste à extraire de la base de données un jeu de données représentant le mieux possible les prévisions météorologiques en incluant les phénomènes inertiels. Pour cette extraction, quatre modes de sélection ont été étudiés : le degré jour (HDD), une modification du degré jour (mHDD) et des techniques de reconnaissance de chemin : distance de Fréchet (FD) et déformation temporelle dynamique (DTW). Quatre techniques IA sont mises en œuvre : réseau de neurones (ANN), machine à support de vecteurs (SVM), arbre de décision (DT) et technique de forêt aléatoire (RF). Dans un premier temps, six bâtiments ont été numériquement simulés (de consommation entre 86 kWh/m².an à 25 kWh/m².an) : l’approche « relevant data » reposant sur le couple (DTW, SVM) donne les prévisions avec le moins d’erreur. L’approche « relevant data » (DTW, SVM) sur les mesures du bâtiment de l’Ecole des Mines de Nantes reste performante. / High-energy efficiency building standards (as Low energy building LEB) to improve building consumption have drawn significant attention. Building standards is basically focused on improving thermal performance of envelope and high heat capacity thus creating a higher thermal inertia. However, LEB concept introduces alarge time constant as well as large heat capacity resulting in a slower rate of heat transfer between interior of building and outdoor environment. Therefore, it is challenging to estimate and predict thermal energy demand for such LEBs. This work focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) models to predict energy consumptionof LEBs. We consider two kinds of AI modeling approaches: “all data” and “relevant data”. The “all data” uses all available data and “relevant data” uses a small representative day dataset and addresses the complexity of building non-linear dynamics by introducing past day climatic impacts behavior. This extraction is based on either simple physical understanding: Heating Degree Day (HDD), modified HDD or pattern recognition methods: Frechet Distance and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Four AI techniques have been considered: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Boosted Ensemble Decision Tree (BEDT) and Random forest (RF). In a first part, numerical simulations for six buildings (heat demand in the range [25 – 85 kWh/m².yr]) have been performed. The approach “relevant data” with (DTW, SVM) shows the best results. Real data of the building “Ecole des Mines de Nantes” proves the approach is still relevant.

La complexité et l'ampleur des scénarios de l'Intelligence Ambiante impliquent que des attributs tels que l'expressivité de modelisation, la flexibilité de representation et de deploiement et la facilité de configuration et de developpement deviennent des caracteristiques centrales pour les systèmes de gestion de contexte. Cependant, les ouvrages existants semblent explorer ces attributs orientés-developpement a un faible degré.Notre objectif est de créer un intergiciel de gestion de contexte flexible et bien configurable, capable de répondre aux différents scenarios. A cette fin, notre solution est construite a base de techniques et principes du Web Semantique (WS) et des systèmes multi-agents (SMA).Nous utilisons le WS pour proposer un noveau meta-modèle de contexte, permettant une modelisation expressive et extensible du contenu, des meta-proprietés (e.g. validité temporelle, parametres de qualité) et des dépendances (e.g. les contraintes d'integrité) du contexte.De plus, une architecture a base de SMA et des composants logiciels, ou chaque agent encapsule un aspect fonctionnel du processus de gestion de contexte (acquisition, coordination, diffusion, utilisation) est developpée.Nous introduisons un nouveau moyen de structurer le deploiement d'agents selon les dimensions du modèle de contexte de l'application et nous elaborons des politiques déclaratives gouvernant le comportement d'adaptation du provisionnement contextuel des agents. Des simulations d'un scenario d'université intelligente montrent que un bon outillage construit autour de notre intergiciel peut apporter des avantages significatifs dans la génie des applications sensibles au contexte. / The complexity and magnitude of Ambient Intelligence scenarios imply that attributes such as modeling expressiveness, flexibility of representation and deployment, as well as ease of configuration and development become central features for context management systems.However, existing works in the literature seem to explore these development-oriented attributes at a low degree.Our goal is to create a flexible and well configurable context management middleware, able to respond to different scenarios. To this end, our solution is built on the basis of principles and techniques of the Semantic Web and Multi-Agent Systems.We use the Semantic Web to provide a new context meta-model, allowing for an expressive and extensible modeling of content, meta-properties (e.g. temporal validity, quality parameters) and dependencies (e.g. integrity constraints).In addition, we develop a middleware architecture that relies on Multi-Agent Systems and a service component based design. Each agent of the system encapsulates a functional aspect of the context provisioning processes (acquisition, coordination, distribution, use).We introduce a new way to structure the deployment of agents depending on the multi-dimensionality aspects of the application's context model. Furthermore, we develop declarative policies governing the adaptation behavior of the agents managing the provisioning of context information.Simulations of an intelligent university scenario show that appropriate tooling built around our middleware can provide significant advantages in the engineering of context-aware applications.

L’objectif fixé à travers ce travail, est de rechercher si l’IE existe dans le secteur des industries agroalimentaires en Algérie, et, le cas échéant, d’en déterminer les pratiques adoptées par l’entreprise, et d’étudier le mécanisme d’intervention de celles-ci dans le processus d’innovation. L’étude exploratoire des pratiques d’intelligence économique et du processus d’innovation a été effectuée dans dix entreprises agroalimentaires algériennes ; elle s’est appuyée sur l’approche qualitative et a été effectuée suivant la stratégie d’étude de cas en combinant l’observation non participante et les entretiens semi-directifs ainsi que la consultation documentaire. L’un des principaux résultats obtenus à travers notre étude est que les principaux acteurs des entreprises observées ne possèdent pas de méthodologie particulière pour l’IE formelle et structurée, mais que tous se fixent des objectifs de surveillance et de collecte d’informations. A de rares exceptions près, ce n’est qu’en situation de crise, que leurs efforts d’IE se concentrent sur le court terme, et que l’information nécessaire à la solution adéquate est recherchée dans l’urgence. En nous basant sur les apports théoriques de la littérature, nous avons défendu la thèse selon laquelle dans les processus de prise de décision et d’innovation de l’entreprise, il serait plus judicieux de prendre en considération aussi bien les pratiques d’IE formelles (systèmes, cellule de veille, …) qu’informelles (réseaux, associations, relations,…) pour une meilleure performance du processus d’innovation. Un modèle qualifié d’ « intelligence innovatrice » a été proposé et qui consiste à innover grâce à un SIE global, recouvrant toutes les pratiques d’IE et rassemblant toutes les sources d’information (formelles et informelles). Une démarche d’anticipation dictée vraisemblablement par l’évolution de l’environnement économique et social du pays suite aux effets du dernier « choc pétrolier » sur le paysage économique, a été toutefois constatée chez quelques entreprises, ce qui semble être un signe susceptible de préfigurer la mise en place, à plus grande échelle, de la pratique d’IE formelle et structurée, et son appropriation effective au sein des entreprises du secteur AA. De plus, des facteurs influençant le choix des pratiques d’IE entre formelles et/ou informelles ont été constatés dans les entreprises étudiées, à savoir : la culture de l’entreprise, la présence à l’international (l’exportation) et le niveau de la concurrence dans la filière. / This work goal is to investigate whether the Business intelligence exists in the agri-food companies sector in Algeria, and, if appropriate, to determine the practices adopted by the company, and to study their mechanism of intervention in the innovation process. The exploratory study of business intelligence practices and innovation process was carried out in ten algerian agribusiness companies; it relied on the qualitative approach and was performed according to the case study strategy by combining non-participant observation and semi-directive interviews and documentary consultation.One of the main results obtained through our study is that the main actors of the companies surveyed do not have a particular methodology for formal and structured Business Intelligence, but that all set goals for monitoring and collecting information. With rare exceptions, it is only in crisis situations, that their Business Intelligence efforts are focused on the short term, and the information required for the proper solution is sought urgently.Based on the theoretical contributions of the literature, we defended the thesis that in the processes of decision making and innovation of the company, it would be wiser to consider both formal Business Intelligence practices (systems, monitoring unit, ...) and informal (networks, associations, relationships, ...) for better performance of the innovation process. A qualified model "innovative intelligence" was proposed, which is to innovate through a comprehensive Business Intelligence system covering all Business intelligence practices and bringing together all sources of information (formal and informal).A proactive approach probably dictated by the changing economic and social environment of the country due to the effects of the last "oil shock" on the economic landscape, however, was observed in some companies, this seems to be a sign capable of foreshadow the establishment, on a larger scale, the practice of formal and structured Business intelligence, and its effective ownership in Agri-Food sector companies. In addition, factors influencing the choice of formal and / or informal Business intelligence practices were found in the companies studied: corporate culture, international presence (export), and level of competition in the sector.