In 2017 a wave of interest from the public rose regarding the issue of sexual harassment in the workplace. Questions were posed and included whether or not Swedish labor law and was sufficient enough. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the established law connected to sexual harassment in the workplace and by doing so also investigate the possibilities of repairing some of the flaws in the legislation. Furthermore, the paper studies the balance between repressive and active measures. This will be done by studying the established law, cases from AD and also by studying other literature regarding the subject. And by doing so it has become clear that there are many different legislations in place combat the issue regarding sexual harassment in the workplace. However, the issues still remain. The active measures are not sufficient. The employer has a duty to work to prevent the occurrence of sexual harassment in the workplace. However, the measures taken against an employer that does not do this are slim to none. The legislation regarding retribution after the fact are more efficient however they do not successfully prevent the occurrence of sexual harassment. The main hinderers with the function of the repressive measures are due to the power structures existing in society where woman have difficulty asserting themselves and their rights. By removing the parts of the legislation that have a clear connection to the power structures together with increased supervision from the supervising bodies may result in a more efficient way of combatting sexual harassment in the workplace.

Four years after the Swedish MeToo-movement, ten women who publicly accused men of sexual violence have been convicted of the crime defamation. Framed as realizing questions of truth, sexual violence and the roles victim and perpetrator, the convictions have caused an extensive and polarized debate in Swedish news media. Based on a data-sample of newspaper articles from four of the major daily newspapers in Sweden, this study uses feminist critical discourse analysis to study the news media coverage of these defamation cases with the aim of investigating if patriarchal structures are reproduced in Swedish news media discourse on defamation in the wake of MeToo. The results show that patriarchal structures are in fact being reproduced – in three main ways. First of all, patriarchal structures are reproduced through the construction of truth as a subjective, internal and individual reality that gives men as a group an interpretative prerogative and privilege in making truth-claims, compared to women. Secondly, patriarchal structures are reproduced through the construction of sexual violence as a subjective experience rather than a fact. Men’s sexual violence towards women is depoliticized and de-gendered, rendering the gendered asymmetry of the violence invisible. Thirdly, patriarchal structures are reproduced through assigned roles of victim and perpetrator. Women who testify about rape are constructed as perpetrators of defamation rather than as victims of rape, while men are constructed as victims of defamation rather than as perpetrators of rape. The credibility of women who testify about rape is questioned as well as their legitimacy as victims of sexual violence. To conclude, the study shows that the news media discourse on defamation in the wake of MeToo reproduce patriarchal structures as it contributes to a systematic privileging of men as a group, and to a systematic disadvantaging of women as a group. / Fyra år efter den svenska MeToo-rörelsen har tio kvinnor som offentligt anklagade män för sexuellt våld blivit dömda för brottet förtal. Förtalsdomarna har fått omfattande medialt utrymme i svensk nyhetsmedia och har väckt en polariserad debatt. Domarna har i nyhetsrapporteringen framställts realisera frågor om sanning och sexuellt våld, samt frågor om vem som egentligen är offer och förövare i fallen. Baserat på ett material av nyhetsartiklar från fyra av de största rikstäckande tidningarna i Sverige studerar denna studie nyhetsrapporteringen om dessa förtalsdomar i syfte att undersöka om patriarkala strukturer reproduceras i den mediala diskursen om förtal i kölvattnet av MeToo. Resultaten visar att patriarkala strukturer reproduceras på tre olika sätt. För det första genom att sanning konstrueras diskursivt som en subjektiv och inre individuell verklighet, vilket ger män som grupp ett tolkningsföreträde och privilegium i att leverera sannings-utsagor jämfört med kvinnor. För det andra så reproduceras patriarkala strukturer genom att sexuellt våld konstrueras diskursivt som en subjektiv upplevelse snarare än en sanning. Mäns sexuella våld mot kvinnor avpolitiseras och avkönas vilket gör att den könsasymmetriska aspekten av våldet osynliggörs. För det tredje så reproduceras patriarkala strukturer genom hur rollerna offer och förövare tillskrivs. Kvinnor som vittnar om våldtäkt framställs som förövare av förtal snarare än som våldtäktsoffer, medan män konstrueras som offer för förtal snarare än som våldtäktsmän och förövare. Trovärdigheten hos kvinnor som vittnar om våldtäkt ifrågasätts liksom deras legitimitet som offer för sexuellt våld. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att mediediskursen om förtal reproducerar patriarkala strukturer genom att den bidrar till ett systematiskt gynnande av män som grupp och missgynnande av kvinnor som grupp.

There have been numerous studies on the effects of social media, both on people directly as well as on society, but also on how social media trends come about. There have also been numerous studies on sexual harassment in school, higher education, military and the workplace over the last five decades, unfortunately showing little improvement over the years. In late 2017 the world has seen a social media trend and outrage of a different magnitude. The hashtag #metoo trended all over the world in a so far unseen scale. We looked into this outcry and analysed how it has affected leadership inside the media industry. We found that it affected leadership and triggered several levels of response of simply talking about the issue up to not only improving the situation in ones own firm, but forcing customers or partners to undergo sexual harassment education in order to work together. / Det har genomförts flertalet studier om effekterna av sociala medier, både på människor såväl som på samhället, men också på hur det skapas trender inom sociala medier.  Under de senaste fem decenierna har även studier gjorts om sexuella trakasserier i skola, högre utbildning, militär och arbetsplats. Studierna visar tyvärr endast en liten förbättring över åren. I slutet av 2017 har världen sett hashtag #metoo, en social media trend, tränga över hela världen i ett upprop i en skala som inte setts tidigare. Vi tittade på detta upprop och analyserade hur det har påverkat ledarskap inom mediebranschen. Vi fann att det påverkade ledarskap och utlöste flera nivåer av reaktioner i ett spann från att endast prata om problemet till att inte endast förbättra situationen i det egna företaget utan tvinga kunder eller partners att genomgå utbildning om sexuell trakasserier för att kunna arbeta tillsammans.

In the wake of the #MeToo movement, how society responds to sexual misconduct allegations has greatly changed. It has had an effect on policy from the federal to the organizational level. Looking at overarching changes that came about after the movement is one thing but taking a look at consequences brought upon certain individuals who had allegations put against them is another. This thesis explores public relations (PR) strategies executed by prominent individuals in the film industry and their publicity teams following sexual misconduct accusations. PR at its core is about relationship management. So, this line of thought leads one to believe that college-aged students are more willing to forgive prominent figures for alleged problematic actions if the individual had a higher investment in their relationship management practices. Four case studies of actors and directors who had misconduct allegations brought against them during the peak of the #MeToo movement were analyzed and compared based on how their reputation stands today. This is important because the consequences faced by these individuals can be greatly influenced by perception and not the analysis of the actual situation. The findings of this study showed that with greater awareness of the actual claims put against a person, the more likely college-aged people are to perceive individuals negatively.

Denna studie har, genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie och utifrån Parks (2010) modellom meningsskapandeprocessen, undersökt berättelser om sexuella ofredanden och reaktionerefter #metoo-rörelsen. Tre intervjuer har genomförts och analyserats med hjälp avinnehållsanalys där resultatet beskrev hur respondenterna inom ramarna för sina respektivemeningssystem hanterade upplevelsen av sexuella ofredanden, om meningssystemetförändrades i denna process, samt hur meningssystemet förändrades när respondenterna kom ikontakt med #metoo-rörelsen. Parks (2010) modell visade god passform utifrånrespondenternas utsagor, vilka antydde att de befann sig i meningsskapandeprocessen snarareän att mening kring det sexuella ofredandet hade skapats. Resultatet tyder på att sexuellaofredanden, då de initierar en meningsskapandeprocess, skapar en diskrepans mellanupplevelsen av ofredandet och det tidigare etablerade meningssystemet.

Metoo-kampanjen som uppmärksammades hösten 2017 har genererat stor uppståndelse, #tystiklassen och #räckupphanden är två upprop inom #metoo som menar att belysa sexuella trakasserier och övergrepp inom skolans värld. Studien syftar till att undersöka om Metoo-kampanjen har lämnat någon påverkan på ungdomar, samt om #metoo har använts i skolan. En profession som är relevant att studera utifrån det socialpedagogiska fältet är skolkuratorn. Studien är utformad med en mixad metod, där 4 stycken skolkuratorer har intervjuats enligt den kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjumetoden. En kvantitativ metod i form av en webbenkät skickades även ut och gav 44 stycken svar från skolkuratorer spridda över Sverige. Studiens resultat kan därefter ge ett nyanserat svar där skolkuratorers reflektioner samt observationer kan återges i teman utifrån studiens frågeställning. I resultatet görs jämförelser mellan metodernas resultat. Studiens resultat visar att ett stort antal skolor inte har använt sig av Metoo-kampanjen på något sätt. Skolkuratorer tycker dock överlag att kampanjen är bra, samt att skolan är en bra arena för att arbeta med fenomen som #metoo. Skolkuratorer upplever att det är verbala sexuella trakasserier som förekommer i skolan idag samt att mycket sker på internet via sociala medier. Skolkuratorerna anser att all personal i skolan har ett ansvar att uppmärksamma samhälleliga problem så som sexuella trakasserier. Intervjupersonerna beskriver att ett genomgående arbete måste ske i klassrummen med pedagogerna, och att temadagar samt punktinsatser i relation till #metoo inte är ett bra sätt att arbeta på. Intervjuinformanterna har i skolan observerat att ungdomar "slänger sig" med #metoo och att det verkar råda oklarhet kring vad #metoo står för.

In the autumn of 2017 the #metoo-movement came to change a whole world. In Sweden, many #metoo-movements started, one of which was #vardeljus. #vardeljus means “Let there be light”, and was a movement of anonymous women in The Church of Sweden. The women wanted to illustrate how women have been sexually harassed in the organization. #vardeljus was also a blog with the same name, where the women shared their stories. In this essay, I have studied how the #vardeljus-movement highlighted existing gender structures in The Church of Sweden, and whether or not the movement contributed to an authority displacement. In relation to this, I examined in what way the theory of mediaziation could be useful in the study of these topics. In the making of this study, I have mainly relied on the theory of mediaziation as the main theory. In addition I have also benefited from ideas found in the theory of authority displacement as well as from adding a gender perspective. The text material of my choice was the #vardeljus-movement, publicated in the newspaper Kyrkans tidning, and a selection from the associated blog with same name - #vardeljus. The method of this study has been a systematic text analysis, wherein I have placed my text material in categories. These categories were power, gender structure, sexually harassment and authority displacement. The study found that the #vardeljus-movement illustrated gender structures in The Church of Sweden. These were expressed through sexually harassment, and abuse of power from authorities in the church. Another result of the study was that the movement started a process of an authority displacement, where previously silent stories were heard. In relation to these conclusions, the theory of mediaziation has been used to analyse how these gender structures and authority displacements are presented in the #vardeljus-movement, and how new medias are provided to these conclusions.

No description available.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att se på hur och om gestaltningen kring Benny Fredriksson har förändrats i samband med #metoo. Det som undersökts är Sveriges fyra största tidningar och deras artiklar från december 2017 till november 2018. 
Resultatet i denna studie visar på att det fanns en skillnad bland det fyra största tidningarna i deras gestaltningen av Benny Fredriksson före och efter hans självmord. Innan Benny Fredrikssons död vinklade tidningarna på hans hårda ledarstil etc. Men efter hans död skrev tidningarna om hans klassresa och hur mycket gott han har medfört till kulturhuset stadsteatern. Inställningen blev mer neutral och positiv efter dödsfallet.

In the #metoo movement some men were named in accusations of sexual harassment or sexual abuse. Some people compared the naming to a mob society and that was the inspiration behind this essay. The aim of this essay is to compare the namings linked to #metoo with shame punishment when it was used as a punishment method by the Swedish judicial system. The theoretical perspectives used in this study are Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau’s discourse theory and Michel Foucault’s theories about punishment and discipline. The methods used to collect the empirical material are netnography, where some discussion threads have been studied, archive studies and a survey. The intention was that there should have been more material from archives used, but since it turned out to be difficult within this time frame, the information was instead mostly found in previous studies and other literature. The material showed that there are some similarities between the naming and shame punishment, but there are also aspects that make them differ. The similarities are that they both can be seen as punishment, the shame punishment was also much about sexual offenses, shame is an aim and they have both received critic by those who think it is a cruel thing to do to someone. The differences are that the body is not a part of the namings, the shame punishments were practiced by the juridical system and that it was easier to get out of a shame punishment if a person was rich. In addition men who broke the law against any sexual intercourse outside of marriage had it easier to avoid getting caught since they were not the ones getting pregnant. In #metoo money or gender was/is not a guarantee to escape being named and/or identified as a sex-offender.