The main goal of this thesis is to prove the global (in time) existence of small data Sobolev solutions to semi-linear damped σ-evolution equations from suitable function spaces basing on L^q spaces by mixing additional L^m regularity for the data on the basis of L^q-L^q estimates for solutions, with q∈(1,∞) and m∈[1,q), to the corresponding linear models. To establish desired results, we would like to apply the theory of modified Bessel functions, Faà di Bruno's formula and Mikhlin-Hörmander multiplier theorem in the treatment of linear problems. In addition, some of modern tools from Harmonic Analysis play a fundamental role to investigate results for the global existence of small data Sobolev solutions to semi-linear problems. Finally, the application of a modified test function method is to devote to the proof of blow-up results for semi-linear damped σ-evolution models, where σ≥1 and δ∈[0,σ) are assumed to be any fractional numbers.

The PhD thesis deals with global in time existence results and blow-up result for a semilinear wave model with scale-invariant damping and mass. Since the time-dependent coefficients for the considered model make somehow the damping and the mass a threshold term between effective and non-effective terms, it turns out that a fundamental role in the description of qualitative properties of solutions to this semilinear model and to the corresponding linear homogeneous Cauchy problem is played by the multiplicative constants appearing in those coefficients. For coefficients that make the damping term dominant, we can use the standard approach for the classical damped wave model with L^2 − L^2 estimates and the so-called test function method. On the other hand, when the interaction among those coefficients is balanced, then, it is possible to observe how typical tools for hyperbolic models, as for example Kato’s lemma, provide sharp global in time existence results and sharp blow-up results for super- and sub-Strauss type exponents, respectively.

Inspired by studies on the regularity of solutions to the fractional Navier-Stokes system and the impact of noise on singularity formation in hydrodynamic models, we investigated these issues within the framework of the fractional 1D Burgers equation. Initially, our research concentrated on the deterministic scenario, where we conducted precise numerical computations to understand the dynamics in both subcritical and supercritical regimes. We utilized a pseudo-spectral approach with automated resolution refinement for discretization in space combined with a hybrid Crank-Nicolson/ Runge-Kutta method for time discretization.We estimated the blow-up time by analyzing the evolution of enstrophy (H1 seminorm) and the width of the analyticity strip. Our findings in the deterministic case highlighted the interplay between dissipative and nonlinear components, leading to distinct dynamics and the formation of shocks and finite-time singularities. In the second part of our study, we explored the fractional Burgers equation under the influence of linear multiplicative noise. To tackle this problem, we employed the Milstein Monte Carlo approach to approximate stochastic effects. Our statistical analysis of stochastic solutions for various noise magnitudes showed that as noise amplitude increases, the distribution of blow-up times becomes more non-Gaussian. Specifically, higher noise levels result in extended mean blow-up time and increase its variability, indicating a regularizing effect of multiplicative noise on the solution. This highlights the crucial role of stochastic perturbations in influencing the behavior of singularities in such systems. Although the trends are rather weak, they nevertheless are consistent with the predictions of the theorem of [41]. However, there is no evidence for a complete elimination of blow-up, which is probably due to the fact that the noise amplitudes considered were not sufficiently large. This highlights the crucial role of stochastic perturbations in influencing the behavior of singularities in such systems. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Equações diferenciais de quarta ordem aparecem naturalmente na modelagem de oscilações de estruturas elásticas, como aquelas observadas em pontes pênseis. São considerados dois modelos que descrevem as oscilações no tabuleiro de uma ponte. No modelo unidimensional estudamos blow up em espaço finito de soluções de uma classe de equações diferenciais de quarta ordem. Os resultados apresentados solucionam uma conjectura apresentada em [F. Gazzola and R. Pavani. Wide oscillation finite time blow up for solutions to nonlinear fourth order differential equations. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 207(2):717752, 2013] e implicam a não existência de ondas viajantes com baixa velocidade de propagação em uma viga. No modelo bidimensional analisamos uma equação não local para uma placa longa e fina, suportada nas extremidades menores, livre nas demais e sujeita a protensão. Provamos existência e unicidade de solução fraca e estudamos o seu comportamento assintótico sob amortecimento viscoso. Estudamos ainda a estabilidade de modos simples de oscilação, os quais são classificados como longitudinais ou torcionais. / Fourth order differential equations appear naturally when modeling oscillations in elastic structures such as those observed in suspension bridges. Two models describing oscillations in the roadway of a bridge are considered. In the one-dimensional model we study finite space blow up of solutions for a class of fourth order differential equations. The results answer a conjecture presented in [F. Gazzola and R. Pavani. Wide oscillation finite time blow up for solutions to nonlinear fourth order differential equations. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 207(2):717752, 2013] and imply the nonexistence of beam oscillation given by traveling wave profile with low speed propagation. In the two-dimensional model we analyze a nonlocal equation for a thin narrow prestressed rectangular plate where the two short edges are hinged and the two long edges are free. We prove existence and uniqueness of weak solution and we study its asymptotic behavior under viscous damping. We also study the stability of simple modes of oscillations which are classified as longitudinal or torsional.

Equações diferenciais de quarta ordem aparecem naturalmente na modelagem de oscilações de estruturas elásticas, como aquelas observadas em pontes pênseis. São considerados dois modelos que descrevem as oscilações no tabuleiro de uma ponte. No modelo unidimensional estudamos blow up em espaço finito de soluções de uma classe de equações diferenciais de quarta ordem. Os resultados apresentados solucionam uma conjectura apresentada em [F. Gazzola and R. Pavani. Wide oscillation finite time blow up for solutions to nonlinear fourth order differential equations. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 207(2):717752, 2013] e implicam a não existência de ondas viajantes com baixa velocidade de propagação em uma viga. No modelo bidimensional analisamos uma equação não local para uma placa longa e fina, suportada nas extremidades menores, livre nas demais e sujeita a protensão. Provamos existência e unicidade de solução fraca e estudamos o seu comportamento assintótico sob amortecimento viscoso. Estudamos ainda a estabilidade de modos simples de oscilação, os quais são classificados como longitudinais ou torcionais. / Fourth order differential equations appear naturally when modeling oscillations in elastic structures such as those observed in suspension bridges. Two models describing oscillations in the roadway of a bridge are considered. In the one-dimensional model we study finite space blow up of solutions for a class of fourth order differential equations. The results answer a conjecture presented in [F. Gazzola and R. Pavani. Wide oscillation finite time blow up for solutions to nonlinear fourth order differential equations. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 207(2):717752, 2013] and imply the nonexistence of beam oscillation given by traveling wave profile with low speed propagation. In the two-dimensional model we analyze a nonlocal equation for a thin narrow prestressed rectangular plate where the two short edges are hinged and the two long edges are free. We prove existence and uniqueness of weak solution and we study its asymptotic behavior under viscous damping. We also study the stability of simple modes of oscillations which are classified as longitudinal or torsional.

在這篇論文中，我們將考慮2個具有初值及邊界值的非線性波方程。首先，考慮一個具有某種阻尼項 (強阻尼、 線性阻尼及非線性阻尼) 的積分--微分方程。我們利用 Fadeo-Galerkin及 Contraction Mapping Principle的方法來建立局部存在性和唯一性，並且使用 Nako 的不等式 ([40]) 來討論解的長時間存在 (global existence) 及漸進行為( asymptotic behavior) 。至於在解的有限時間爆增 (finite time blow-up) 方面，我們使用直接方法 ([33]) 來探討具有強阻尼及線性阻尼的問題。另一方面，我們利用能量法 (energy method) 來討論非線性阻尼問題的有限時間爆增現象。其次，我們考慮一個具有特殊邊界值的 Kirchhoff方程， 我們利用擾動的能量法 (perturbed energy method) ([56]) 來研究解的漸進行為，並且使用直接方法 ([33]) 來探討解的有限時間暴增問題。最後，我們提出一些與本文相關的有趣問題以作為未來的研究。 / In this thesis, we shall consider two initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear wave equations. First, we consider a nonlinear integro- differential equation with some kind of damping terms - the strong damping term or the linear damping term or the nonlinear damping term. We establish the existence and uniqueness of local solutions by using Faedo-Galerkin method and Contraction Mapping Principle. We shall discuss the asymptotic behavior of global solutions by using Nako’s inequality ([40]). Moreover, the blow-up properties of local solutions with non-positive initial energy and small positive initial energy for strong or linear damping case are obtained by using direct method ([33]). On the other hand, for the nonlinear damping case, we apply the energy method to deduce the blow-up of local solutions with negative initial energy, vanishing initial energy and small positive initial energy. The estimates of lifespan of solutions are also given in each case. Secondly, we shall consider an initial-boundary value problem for a wave equation of Kirchhoff type with a linear boundary damping term. The asymptotic behavior of global solutions is investigated by using perturbed energy method ([56]). Moreover, the blow-up phenomena with the initial energy being non-positive and positive and the estimates for the blow-up time are obtained by direct approach ([33]). Finally, a list of some interesting problems related to our model is posed for further research.

在這篇論文,我們考慮半線性微分方程式的初始邊界值問題之解u,的存在性,唯一性,和他的行為. (i) t^{-sigma}u''(t)=r_1u(t)^p+r_2u(t)^p(u'(t))^2, u(1)=u_0,u'(1)=u_1, 其中 p>1 為常數. 對t≥1,sigma>0,p>1 為偶數,r_1>0,r_2>0,u_0>0,u_1>0. 我們得到以下的結果.

<p>In the theory of holomorphic functions of one complex variable it is often useful to study subharmonic functions. The subharmonic can be described using the Laplace operator. When one studies holomorphic functions of several complex variables one should study the plurisubharmonic functions instead. Here the complex Monge--Ampère operator has a role similar to that of the Laplace operator in the theory of subharmonic functions. The complex Monge--Ampère operator is nonlinear and therefore it is not as well understood as the Laplace operator. We consider two types of boundary value problems for the complex Monge--Ampere equation in certain pseudoconvex domains. In this thesis the right-hand side in the Monge--Ampère equation will always be smooth, strictly positive and meet a monotonicity condition. The first type of boundary value problem we consider is a Dirichlet problem where we look for plurisubharmonic solutions which are zero on the boundary of the domain. We show that this problem has a unique smooth solution if the domain has a smooth bounded plurisubharmonic exhaustion function which is globally Lipschitz and has Monge--Ampère mass larger than one everywhere. We obtain some results on which domains have such a bounded exhaustion function. The second type of boundary value problem we consider is a boundary blow-up problem where we look for plurisubharmonic solutions which tend to infinity at the boundary of the domain. Here we also assume that the right-hand side in the Monge--Ampère equation satisfies a growth condition. We study this problem in strongly pseudoconvex domains with smooth boundary and show that it has solutions which are Hölder continuous with arbitrary Hölder exponent α, 0 ≤ α < 1. We also show a uniqueness result. A result on the growth of the solutions is also proved. This result is used to describe the boundary behavior of the Bergman kernel.</p>

In the theory of holomorphic functions of one complex variable it is often useful to study subharmonic functions. The subharmonic can be described using the Laplace operator. When one studies holomorphic functions of several complex variables one should study the plurisubharmonic functions instead. Here the complex Monge--Ampère operator has a role similar to that of the Laplace operator in the theory of subharmonic functions. The complex Monge--Ampère operator is nonlinear and therefore it is not as well understood as the Laplace operator. We consider two types of boundary value problems for the complex Monge--Ampere equation in certain pseudoconvex domains. In this thesis the right-hand side in the Monge--Ampère equation will always be smooth, strictly positive and meet a monotonicity condition. The first type of boundary value problem we consider is a Dirichlet problem where we look for plurisubharmonic solutions which are zero on the boundary of the domain. We show that this problem has a unique smooth solution if the domain has a smooth bounded plurisubharmonic exhaustion function which is globally Lipschitz and has Monge--Ampère mass larger than one everywhere. We obtain some results on which domains have such a bounded exhaustion function. The second type of boundary value problem we consider is a boundary blow-up problem where we look for plurisubharmonic solutions which tend to infinity at the boundary of the domain. Here we also assume that the right-hand side in the Monge--Ampère equation satisfies a growth condition. We study this problem in strongly pseudoconvex domains with smooth boundary and show that it has solutions which are Hölder continuous with arbitrary Hölder exponent α, 0 ≤ α &lt; 1. We also show a uniqueness result. A result on the growth of the solutions is also proved. This result is used to describe the boundary behavior of the Bergman kernel.

On étudie l'existence de 'blow-up' et l'ensemble des points de 'blow-up' pour une équation de type chaleur dégénérée ou non avec un terme source uniforme fonction non linéaire de la température instantanée en un point fixé du domaine. L'étude est conduite par les méthodes d'analyse classique (fonction de Green, développements en fonctions propres, principe du maximum) ou fonctionnelle (semi-groupes d'opérateurs linéaires).