Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-83). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-109).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-109). Also available in print.

This study was undertaken in order to assess the effects of elementary school grade retention on the academic achievement of pupils. For each analysis in the study, norm-referenced standardized achievement tests were used as the dependent variable. Percentile rank score means in reading, language, and mathematics served as achievement indicators.

Les gliomes diffus de bas grades sont des tumeurs qui affectent des régions fonctionnelles du cerveau chez des jeunes patients. Malgré leur faible taux de prolifération ces tumeurs peuvent dégénérer en des tumeurs plus agressives après leurs exérèses. Le gène IDH1 est très fréquemment muté dans les DLGG. Cette mutation confère à l’enzyme isocitratedeshydrogénase (IDH1) la propriété de produire du 2-OH-glutarate (2-HG) au lieu de l’α-cétoglutarate (α-KG). L’oncométabolite 2HG rentre alors en compétition avec l’α-KG pour les enzymes de déméthylation conduisant à une hyperméthylation de l’ADN et de l’histone H3 concourant à un blocage de la différenciation cellulaire. Mon projet de thèse consiste à la caractérisation des cellules tumorales et la compréhension des voies de signalisation impliquées dans la progression tumorale ainsi que l’identité du microenvironnement tumoral. Les récepteurs tyrosine kinase, PDGFRα et EGFR, sont abondamment exprimés par les cellules tumorales mais ne sont pas activés. En revanche, une forte phosphorylation de la protéine Erk p42/44 a été détectée dans les tumeurs. Cette phosphorylation a une double origine : les cellules tumorales et leur environnement. L’utilisation d’une série de marqueurs m’a permis de mieux définir l’état de différenciation des cellules tumorales et de mettre en évidence une préférence pour l’expression de Sox8 dans les oligodendrogliomes tandis que Sox9 est prédominant dans les astrocytomes. Dans une seconde partie, j’ai mis au point des méthodes pour la culture des gliomes diffus de bas grade et isolé cinq lignées de gliomes portant la mutation récurente IDH1 R132H. Récemment, la société Agios a identifié des inhibiteurs très spécifiques (notamment l’AGI-5198) de l’enzyme mutée IDH1 qui, utilisés dans un modèle de gliome murin, provoquent une déméthylation des histones H3K9me3 associées à une augmentation de l’expression de gènes de différenciation ainsi qu’à une réduction de la masse tumorale. A contrario, j’ai montré que l’AGI-5198 augmente la croissance cellulaire sur les lignée de patients, modifie la migration cellulaire ainsi que différentes voies de signalisation.Ces travaux apportent un nouvel éclairage sur le phénotype des cellules tumorales, leur diversité et les mécanismes moléculaires régissant leur prolifération. / Low grade gliomas are low proliferating tumors affecting functional regions of young patients. In most cases, they tend to transform into a more malignant state following surgery. These tumors carry a key mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (70-80% of DLGG). Gliomas with IDH1 mutation have improved prognosis compared togliomaswith wild type IDH1. IDH1 protein acquires the ability to convert α-Ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-OH-glutarate (2-HG). The new onco-metabolite can interfere with the normal function of α-KG, leading to a general hypermethylation of the genome, thus inducing a blockage of the cellular differentiation. Very good reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying high grade glioma invasion already exist but little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms in diffuse low grade gliomas. To that end, I characterized the profile of IDH1 mutated cells in the different types of DLGG. I have demonstrated that the tyrosine kinase, PDGFRα and EGFR receptors are abundantly expressed by tumor cells eventhough they are not activated. In contrast, a strong phosphorylation of Erk p42 / 44 proteins was detected in these tumors. This phosphorylation has a dual origin: tumor cells and their environment. The use of a series of markers allowed me to better define the state of differentiation of cancerous cells and to demonstrate a preferential expression of Sox8 in oligodendrogliomas while Sox9 is predominant in astrocytomas. In a second time, I have developed a method for the culture of low-grade diffuse gliomas and isolated five cell lines carrying the recurrent mutation IDH1 R132H. Recently Agios has identified very specific inhibitors (particularly AGI-5198) of the mutated IDH1 enzyme which, used in a murine glioma model, contributed to the demethylation of H3K9me3 histones with an increased expression of differentiation related genes as well as a reduction of the tumor mass. On the contrary, I have shown that AGI-5198 increases cell growth of patient cell lines, modifies the cellular migration and various signaling pathways.These studies shed new light on the phenotype of tumor cells, their diversity and The molecular mechanisms governing their proliferation.

A study to determine whether an activity program can be carried on under adverse conditions in a first grade classroom.

No description available.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology & Special Needs Education at the University of Zululand, 2017 / High rate of poor performance in matric level is a serious problem not only in uMkhanyakude district but in the whole world. One would say effective teaching and efficient management of schools is the answer to the problem and schools need more information about these two factors which form the summary of the findings. This study succeeded in getting the views from both learners and educators which means it is also important to understand what learners perceive as the factors of poor academic performance in the schools where they are as well. In this study Grade 12 learners perceptions were analysed. Learners in matric and educators teaching them from eight high schools participated in this study. The major factors contributing to poor matriculation performance according to learners are lack of resources, lack of support by parents in their learning, poverty, not being sure about group studying, not having a good command of a teaching and learning language and not prac-tising it. They seemed afraid to talk about their teachers .The educators perceptions tallied with those of educators, that is , lack of resources , focusing on Grade 12 instead of becoming serious from the lowest grades indicating poor management of schools, learners’ lack of mo-tivation and willingness to learn, lack of parental involvement, poor study skills in association with school readiness , lack of support by the district and circuit officials , CAPS concepts as not clear to simplify their teaching , qualifications seeming to be not at the level where the teacher would be in apposition to understand clearly the subject content he or she teaches. A culture of high expectancy on the part of educators, parents and managers at all levels may be the key to influencing the rates of success.

Les lymphoproliférations à cellules T du tractus gastro-intestinal (GI-TLPD) sont des lymphomes digestifs T primitifs très rares de l’homme, de diagnostic complexe, pour lesquels aucun consensus thérapeutique n’a encore été établi. Par ailleurs, une lymphoprolifération digestive indolente à cellules T (T-LGIL) émergente est décrite dans l’espèce féline et représente actuellement la première tumeur digestive chez le chat. La physiopathologie de ces deux entités reste très mal définie.Nous avons analysé de manière extensive les prélèvements de 22 chats présentant un T-LGIL sur les plans clinique, paraclinique, histopathologique et moléculaire. Nos données indiquent que les caractéristiques du T-LGIL sont très similaires à celles de la GI-TLPD humaine et valident que ce modèle animal est pertinent pour l’étude de la maladie chez l’homme. Nous avons en outre mis en évidence une dérégulation de la voie JAK/STAT lors de T-LGIL qui pourrait représenter une cible thérapeutique d’intérêt, commune aux deux espèces. Dans la seconde partie du travail, notre objectif a été l’identification de biomarqueurs susceptibles de discriminer les lymphoproliférations indolentes félines de bas-grade des entérites lymphoplasmocytaires, ce diagnostic différentiel étant un défi dans l’espèce féline. Nous avons établi de nouveaux critères histologiques et immunohistochimiques. En revanche, les données du séquençage du microbiote n’ont pas mis en évidence de différence significative entre les deux groupes.La synthèse de ces données nous a permis de proposer un nouveau modèle de lymphomagenèse basé sur un continuum entre une entéropathie inflammatoire chronique et l’émergence de clones néoplasiques T au sein de la muqueuse intestinale. Dans la suite de ce travail, un séquençage du virome ainsi qu’une analyse pangénomique et pantranscriptomique par whole genome et RNA sequencing sont actuellement en cours afin d’identifier les altérations oncogéniques impliquées dans la pathogenèse des T-LGIL. / T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the GI tract (GI T-LPD) is a rare and often misdiagnosed human primary gastrointestinal T-cell lymphoma, for which there is currently no therapeutic consensus. Meanwhile, an emerging indolent GI lymphoma subtype affecting the ageing domestic cat, named feline T-cell low grade intestinal lymphoma (T-LGIL) has become the first digestive neoplasia in this species. Little is known about the pathogenesis of indolent T-LPD in both species.We therefore analyzed digestive samples of 22 cats diagnosed with T-LGIL and therefore, we performed an extensive clinical, paraclinical, histopathological and molecular characterization. Our data indicate that T-LGIL displays similar features as human GI TLPD and hence, may be considered as a relevant animal model for the human disease. We also showed that JAK/STAT pathway was deregulated in T-LGIL and could represent a potential therapeutictarget for both species.In the second part of the work, we aimed to identify biomarkers that can discriminate T-LGIL from its main differential diagnosis, i.e. lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis. We detected specific histological and immunohistochemical features. However, microbiota profiles were similar between both groups.Altogether, these results prompted us to propose a new lymphomagenesis model based on a continuum between inflammatory bowel disease and clonal emergence of small T-cell lymphocytes within the intestinal mucosa. Further studies including virome sequencing, whole genome sequencing and RNA-sequencing are ongoing to better define specific oncogenic somatic events involved in T-LGIL pathogenesis.

Especially during the last century the health of school children has been a problem of deep concern. Many physical examinations have been given by numerous organizations with the intention of discovering organic disorders that might be detrimental to a child's normal social life. As a result of such study, humanity has generally come to recognize the social and economic costs of ill-health and has embarked on remedial and preventive campaigns to improve the well-being of children. Foundations have been endowed. Free clinics have been established to serve those families whos incomes prohibit them from securing medical services otherwise; county, city and school nurses and doctors have been employed in districts throughout the country to render treatment and give advice. Health educational campaigns have been conducted and organized health units and agencies have been instituted. Of late, socialized medicine has gained in populatrity as a means of enabling certain unfortunate persons to benefit from expert services. All of these efforts which have been directed mainly in the interests of school children have brought to light many interesting facts relevant to physcial conditions that threaten good health. Few doubt the value of knowing what evil effects diseased tonsils or teeth, diseased heart, curvature of the spine, defective feet, or other physical disorders may have upon the health of the child. Nor do most people question the importance of having these physical handicaps removed or corrected so that one may come nearer functioning to his normal capacity. It is generally recognized today that not only the welfare of the individual but the future of civilization depends greatly upon the health of its citizens. Purposes of this study are threefold: (1) to ascertain certain existing social, economic and educational conditions found among seventh and eighth grade children of Brigham City grouped according to physical rating; (2) to compare the groups with respect of these certain conditions; and (3) where it seems justified, to compare the findings in this project with those disclosed by other research studies. Inasmuch as this is relatively a new field of research many of the comparisions with outside studies are indirect rather than of direct significance.