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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
491

Short-Term Reduction of Peak Loads in Commercial Buildings in a Hot and Dry Climate

January 2012 (has links)
abstract: A major problem faced by electric utilities is the need to meet electric loads during certain times of peak demand. One of the widely adopted and promising programs is demand response (DR) where building owners are encouraged, by way of financial incentives, to reduce their electric loads during a few hours of the day when the electric utility is likely to encounter peak loads. In this thesis, we investigate the effect of various DR measures and their resulting indoor occupant comfort implications, on two prototype commercial buildings in the hot and dry climate of Phoenix, AZ. The focus of this study is commercial buildings during peak hours and peak days. Two types of office buildings are modeled using a detailed building energy simulation program (EnergyPlus V6.0.0): medium size office building (53,600 sq. ft.) and large size office building (498,600 sq. ft.). The two prototype buildings selected are those advocated by the Department of Energy and adopted by ASHRAE in the framework of ongoing work on ASHRAE standard 90.1 which reflect 80% of the commercial buildings in the US. After due diligence, the peak time window is selected to be 12:00-18:00 PM (6 hour window). The days when utility companies require demand reduction mostly fall during hot summer days. Therefore, two days, the summer high-peak (15th July) and the mid-peak (29th June) days are selected to perform our investigations. The impact of building thermal mass as well as several other measures such as reducing lighting levels, increasing thermostat set points, adjusting supply air temperature, resetting chilled water temperature are studied using the EnergyPlus building energy simulation program. Subsequently the simulation results are summarized in tabular form so as to provide practical guidance and recommendations of which DR measures are appropriate for different levels of DR reductions and the associated percentage values of people dissatisfied (PPD). This type of tabular recommendations is of direct usefulness to the building owners and operators contemplating DR response. The methodology can be extended to other building types and climates as needed. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Architecture 2012
492

Influência dos elementos de envoltória no desempenho termo-energético de edifícios institucionais no clima tropical semiárido / Influence of envelope elements in the thermal-energetic performance of institutional buildings in tropical semi-arid climate

Oliveira, Paolo Américo de 20 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-18T21:56:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PaoloAO__DISSERT.pdf: 5028596 bytes, checksum: e28e8ffe1e8897fdbb8ccc57c9112816 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T21:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaoloAO__DISSERT.pdf: 5028596 bytes, checksum: e28e8ffe1e8897fdbb8ccc57c9112816 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Energy efficiency in buildings is related to the accommodation of the building to the local climate. Studies on the bioclimatic architecture and energy efficiency of buildings in the Brazilian semiarid tropical climate are still rare. With an implementation of instruments establishing differentiated architectural recommendations, according to the climatic situation, the planning and building more suitable for optimal use of electricity buildings is necessary. This study analyzes the influence of the architectural variables in the electricity consumption of institutional buildings located on the campus UFERSA, Mossoró/RN, whose climate is tropical semi-arid. For this, data were collected through architectural projects and surveys in the buildings. Information registered were related to: morphological characterization of buildings, identification of characteristics such as number of floors, arrangement and use of environments, cardinal orientation of facades, arrangement of transparent elements such as windows and doors and the thermal properties of the materials in constructive systems used. For the evaluation of thermal and energetic performance of the identified parameters was used EnergyPlus, that estimates the electricity consumption of land throughout the year using similar models simulating the target buildings in this study. From this procedure, it was found that the architectural variables directly influence the energy consumption of buildings and a list of recommendations was proposed to be followed so that the future constructions of buildings in semiarid tropical climate be more thermal and energetic efficient / A eficiência energética em edifícios está relacionada à adequação da edificação ao clima no qual está situado. Estudos direcionados à arquitetura bioclimática e à eficiência energética de edifícios em clima tropical semiárido brasileiro ainda são escassos. Com a implantação de instrumentos que estabelecem recomendações arquitetônicas diferenciadas de acordo com a situação climática, se faz necessária à disseminação de informações estratégicas para o planejamento e produção de edifícios mais adequados ao uso otimizado da eletricidade. Desse modo, este estudo propõe uma análise da influência das variáveis arquitetônicas no consumo de energia elétrica de edificações institucionais situadas na UFERSA, Campus de Mossoró/RN, cujo clima é tropical semiárido. Para tanto, foram coletados dados por meio dos projetos arquitetônicos destas edificações e em vistorias in loco. As informações registradas foram relativas à: caracterização morfológica dos edifícios, identificação de características como o número de pavimentos, disposição e uso dos ambientes, orientação cardeal das fachadas, disposição de elementos transparentes como janelas e portas e as propriedades térmicas dos materiais que compõem os sistemas construtivos utilizados. Para avaliação de desempenho termo-energético destes parâmetros, foi utilizado o programa EnergyPlus, que simula o consumo de eletricidade predial ao longo do ano, baseado em modelos similares aos edifícios alvos deste estudo. A partir destes procedimentos, identificou-se que as variáveis arquitetônicas estudadas influenciaram diretamente o consumo de energia elétrica de edificações e foi proposta uma listagem de recomendações a serem seguidas para que as futuras construções de edifícios em clima tropical semiárido sejam termicamente mais eficientes / 2017-04-18
493

Estratégias de agrupamento de consumidores residenciais para o melhoramento de ações de eficiência energética.

SILVA, Harllan Andryê Bezerra. 29 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-29T18:46:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HARLLAN ANDRYÊ BEZERRA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 2631344 bytes, checksum: beb0769167a696c9f8afd54cf5b99127 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T18:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HARLLAN ANDRYÊ BEZERRA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGCC) 2017.pdf: 2631344 bytes, checksum: beb0769167a696c9f8afd54cf5b99127 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-12 / O consumo de energia elétrica vem crescendo a cada dia. Precisamos utilizar a energia elétrica de forma consciente, pois os recursos naturais que são utilizados para a geração de energia podem acabar devido ao seu uso ineficiente. O crescimento populacional das últimas décadas, o aparecimento de mais aparelhos eletrônicos e eletrodomésticos geram um consumo excessivo de energia. Devido ao crescimento no consumo de energia elétrica é necessária a implantação de programas de eficiência energética, que se dá através da introdução de novas tecnologias, incentivo à mudança de hábito do próprio consumidor e uso racional de energia elétrica. O foco deste trabalho é no setor residencial, que é o segundo maior consumidor de energia elétrica no Brasil, e como há consumidores que compartilham características e padrões de carga semelhantes, isso possibilita o uso de agrupamento de dados. Pensando nisso é proposto o uso de agrupamento para auxiliar programas de eficiência energética na análise dos dados dos consumidores e na criação de grupos representativos de uma população. A criação de grupos ajuda a concessionária de energia a fornecer ofertas comerciais ou recomendações específicas para grupos específicos, diminuir a complexidade das análises que teriam que ser feitas em uma população e obter relacionamentos personalizados, mais eficazes e equitativos entre os fornecedores de energia e seus clientes. O agrupamento irá proporcionar a aplicação de soluções que ajudem o consumidor a utilizar energia elétrica de forma eficiente, a partir do momento em que ele recebe informações sobre seu consumo e como ele poderá utilizar essas informações, sabendo o que elas irão proporcionar como resultado. Este trabalho iniciou-se com a investigação de medidas de dissimilaridade para representar a semelhança entre perfis de consumo de energia elétrica (um dos fatores utilizados para os agrupamentos) e entre as três medidas utilizadas a distância Euclidiana se destacou com os melhores resultados nos experimentos feitos, seja variando a quantidade de observações das séries ou a base de dados. Após isso foram feitos agrupamentos utilizando 4 fatores extraídos da base de dados e assim criados 15 cenários de agrupamentos a partir da combinação desses fatores. Por meio dos resultados desses agrupamentos foi possível reduzir a quantidade de cenários por serem semelhantes e também escolher os cenários (fatores) mais relevantes a serem considerados quando se quer criar grupos de consumidores residenciais. / The consumption of electric energy has been increasing every day. We need to use electric power in a conscious way, because the natural resources that are used for the generation of energy can end up due to its inefficient use. The population growth of the last decades, the appearance of more electronic devices and appliances generate an excessive consumption of energy. Due to the growth in the consumption of electric energy, it is necessary to implement energy efficiency programs, which are carried out through the introduction of new technologies, an incentive to change the consumer’s habit and rational use of electric energy. The focus of this work is on the residential sector, which is the second largest consumer of electricity in Brazil, and since there are consumers who share similar characteristics and load patterns, this allows the use of data grouping. Thinking about that, the use of clustering to support energy efficiency programs in the analysis of consumer data and in the creation of representative groups of a population is proposed. Groups creation helps the utility to provide commercial offers or specific recommendations for specific groups, reduce the complexity of the analyzes that would have to be done in a population, and get personalized, more effective and equitable relationships between energy suppliers and their customers. The clustering will provide the application of solutions that help the consumer to use electricity efficiently, from the moment he receives information about his consumption and how he can use that information, knowing what they will provide as a result. This work began with the investigation of measures of dissimilarity to represent the similarity between profiles of electric energy consumption (one of the factors used for the clustering) and among the three measures used the Euclidean distance stood out with the best results in the experiments made, either by varying the number of observations of the series or the database. After that, clusters were made using 4 factors extracted from the database and thus 15 clustering scenarios were created from the combination of these factors. Through the results of these clustering it was possible to reduce the number of scenarios to be similar and also to choose the most relevant scenarios to consider when creating groups of residential consumers.
494

Middleware adaptativo para sistemas embarcados e de tempo-real / Adaptive middleware for real-time embedded systems

Silva Júnior, Elias Teodoro da January 2008 (has links)
Um dos principais desafios no desenvolvimento de ferramentas e metodologias para sistemas multiprocessados, embarcados e de tempo-real é o reuso de software já desenvolvido, mantendo baixa utilização de recursos como memória, energia e desempenho de CPU, e ainda atendendo às restrições temporais. O presente trabalho procura atacar este problema no nível do middleware, comumente utilizado como forma de integrar componentes de software reusáveis, diminuindo o tempo e o esforço desprendido no desenvolvimento de aplicações e serviços com alta qualidade. Este trabalho especifica e implementa um middleware para uma plataforma MPSoC voltada para sistemas embarcados e de tempo-real, permitindo adaptações durante o projeto e/ou execução da aplicação, a fim de otimizar o uso dos recursos e atender às restrições de projeto. Ao projetista da aplicação é permitido reusar os serviços do middleware e da plataforma em diferentes aplicações. Igualmente, aplicações escritas sobre o middleware podem ser portadas para outras plataformas onde o middleware possa ser executado. O middleware proposto oferece serviços implementados em hardware e encapsulamento da comunicação hardware-software na própria aplicação. Além disso, são oferecidos meios para gerenciamento de requisitos não funcionais de energia e tempo-real, como deadline e tempo de execução. / One of the main challenges in the development of tools and methodologies for a multiprocessor real-time embedded system is to reuse already developed software, but at the same time obtaining low memory footprint, low energy consumption, and minimal area, obviously addressing the real-time constraints. This work aims at facing these problems at the middleware level, frequently used to integrate components of reusable software, accelerating development cycle and reducing the effort to develop applications and services with high quality. The present work specifies and implements a middleware for an MPSoC platform oriented to real-time and embedded systems, providing adaptations at development and execution time, in order to optimize resources usage and fulfill design restrictions. The designer can reuse middleware services and the platform as well, when developing different applications. Likewise, applications developed under the middleware can be ported to run in other platforms where the middleware was ported to. The proposed middleware offers hardware implemented services and encapsulates hardware-software communication in the application. Moreover, it permits to specify non-functional requirements of energy and real-time, as deadline and execution time.
495

Análise do uso de estratégias para a melhoria de eficiência energética e do conforto térmico em edificações com sistemas de automação predial-residencial

Vizzotto, Marcos Rodrigues January 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta para melhoria da eficiência energética e do conforto térmico em edificações com sistemas de automação predial-residencial. O desenvolvimento da proposta do trabalho foi dividido em três etapas: na primeira etapa foi realizada uma análise inicial do desempenho de uma sala de aula automatizada, com relação ao consumo de energia elétrica do sistema de climatização e o conforto térmico dos usuários, em 4 cenários típicos de uso da sala. Esta análise indicou claras possibilidades de melhorias no sistema de automação, de forma a aumentar o conforto térmico e reduzir-se o consumo de energia. Numa segunda etapa da proposta foi aplicada uma estratégia de alteração dos horários de funcionamento do sistema de climatização com o objetivo de melhorar o conforto térmico dos usuários. Para validação das estratégias propostas foi desenvolvido, utilizando-se o software EnergyPlus, um modelo computacional para simulação da variação de temperatura da sala. Com a análise comparativa de simulações observou-se que alterando o horário de funcionamento do sistema de climatização foi possível manter a sala 100% do tempo na faixa de conforto térmico durante as aulas, porém com um aumento no consumo de energia. Em função disto, numa terceira etapa da proposta foi aplicada uma estratégia para ajustar o valor de setpoint de resfriamento do sistema de climatização integrado ao sistema de automação da sala com o objetivo de melhorar a eficiência energética. O algoritmo foi inicialmente desenvolvido com o software Matlab e foi co-simulado com o modelo computacional utilizando a ferramenta MLE+. Com a análise comparativa de simulações e co-simulações observou-se que houve uma redução no consumo de energia de cerca de17% na sala numa comparação com os cenários validados na primeira etapa. Os conceitos desenvolvidos foram então aplicados no projeto de uma nova edificação, no qual uma redução no consumo de energia em torno de 6%. / The present paper presents a proposal of improvement of energy efficiency and thermal comfort in buildings with home and building automation. The development of the proposal of the paper was divided into three stages: At the first stage it was realized an initial analysis of the performance of an automated room in relation to the consumption of electrical energy by the air conditioning system and the thermal comfort of the users in four typical scenarios of the room use. This analysis indicated clear possibilities of improvement on the automation system in terms of improving thermal comfort and decreasing energy consumption. At the second stage of the proposal it was applied a strategy of alteration of the operation times of the air conditioning system with the objective of improving the thermal comfort of the users. To validate the strategies proposed it was developed, using the EnergyPlus software, a computational model to simulate the variations in temperature in the room. With the comparative analysis of the simulations it was observed that altering the operation times of the air conditioning system it was possible to maintain the room in the thermal comfort zone 100% of the time, however, with an increase in energy consumption. Therefore, at the third stage of the proposal it was applied a strategy to adjust the cooling set point of the air conditioning system integrated to the automation system with the objective of improving energy efficiency. The algorithm was developed initially with the Matlab software and it was co-simulated with the computational model utilizing the MLE+ tool. With the comparative analysis of simulations and co-simulations it was observed that there was a reduction of around 17% in the consumption of energy in the room compared with the scenarios validated at the first stage. The concepts developed were then applied on the project of a new building, in which the reduction of energy consumption was around 6%.
496

Planning of Mobile Edge Computing Resources in 5G Based on Uplink Energy Efficiency

Singh, Navjot 19 November 2018 (has links)
Increasing number of devices demand for low latency and high-speed data transmission require that the computation resources to be closer to users. The emerging Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) technology aims to bring the advantages of cloud computing which are computation, storage and networking capabilities in close proximity of user. MEC servers are also integrated with cloud servers which give them flexibility of reaching vast computational power whenever needed. In this thesis, leveraging the idea of Mobile Edge Computing, we propose algorithms for cost-efficient and energy-efficient the placement of Mobile Edge nodes. We focus on uplink energy-efficiency which is essential for certain applications including augmented reality and connected vehicles, as well as extending battery life of user equipment that is favorable for all applications. The experimental results show that our proposed schemes significantly reduce the uplink energy of devices and minimizes the number of edge nodes required in the network.
497

EFFICIENT CAMERA SELECTION FOR MAXIMIZED TARGET COVERAGE IN UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SENSOR NETWORKS

Albuali, Abdullah Abdulrahman 01 December 2014 (has links)
In Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UWASNs), cameras have recently been deployed for enhanced monitoring. However, their use has faced several obstacles. Since video capturing and processing consume significant amounts of camera battery power, they are kept in sleep mode and activated only when ultrasonic sensors detect a target. The present study proposes a camera relocation structure in UWASNs to maximize the coverage of detected targets with the least possible vertical camera movement. This approach determines the coverage of each acoustic sensor in advance by getting the most applicable cameras in terms of orientation and frustum of camera in 3-D that are covered by such sensors. Whenever a target is exposed, this information is then used and shared with other sensors that detected the same target. Compared to a flooding-based approach, experiment results indicate that this proposed solution can quickly capture the detected targets with the least camera movement.
498

A Design Approach to Achieving the Passive House Standard in a Home Energy Retrofit

Hogan, Matthew Bryan, 1982- 06 1900 (has links)
xiv, 92 p. : ill. (some col.) / Passive House is a voluntary, performance-based energy standard for buildings. Passive Houses use on average 90% less energy for space conditioning than code-designed houses; Passive House therefore offers an ambitious performance target for home energy retrofits. Retrofits built to the Passive House standard in Europe have demonstrated a high level of energy performance. In the U.S., few Passive House retrofits exist to date; for this reason, design and cost information for such retrofits is lacking. This study establishes an exemplar through designing the Passive House retrofit of an older home in Eugene, Oregon. The retrofit's cost-effectiveness was examined by comparing projected "business as usual" (BAU) life cycle costs to those associated with retrofit. While the BAU scenario resulted in the lowest cost over a 30-year life cycle, the difference is relatively small; minor adjustments to key variables make the retrofit financially viable. / Committee in charge: Dr. Alison G. Kwok, Chairperson; Peter Keyes, Member; Jan Fillinger, Member
499

Möjligheter till energieffektivisering genom ökad värmeåtervinning på ett massabruk : Pinchanalys av sulfatmassabruket i Olshammar / Possibilities for higher energy efficiency through increased heat recovery at a pulp mill : Pinch analysis of the kraft pulp mill in Olshammar

Danielsson, Elisabet January 2018 (has links)
Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att undersöka möjligheter för energieffektivisering i form av ökad värmeåtervinning hos Ahlström-Munksjö Aspa Bruk AB med målet att föreslå åtgärder som minskar behovet av färskånga till uppvärmning i processerna. Detta har gjorts med hjälp av en pinchanalys där de externa behoven, pinchöverträdelser och effektiviseringsmöjligheter har identifierats och analyserats för att avgöra hur effektiv värmeväxlingen på Aspa Bruk är. Strömdata har samlats in på plats på bruket främst genom givare som loggar data kontinuerligt men även genom mätningar, miljöbesiktningsrapporter och antaganden.  Ur pinchanalysen framkom det att de externa värmebehoven potentiellt skulle kunna reduceras med ca 19,2 MW, vid ett så energieffektivt system som möjligt, jämfört med dagens behov av färskånga som ligger på 71,5 MW. I praktiken är det dock inte möjligt att genomföra åtgärder för att minska det externa värmebehovet fullständigt till följd av tekniska- och ekonomiska begränsningar. Pinchöverträdelser står för ca 7,7 MW av de ca 19,2 MW och återfinns i sekundärvärmesystemet då det råder överskott av värme i varmvatten- och hetvattenproduktionen.  De åtgärdsförslag som läggs fram bygger på att effektivisera energianvändningen och avlägsna pinchöverträdelser med åtgärder som anses genomförbara. Tre åtgärder presenteras:  Använda värmeenergin från rökgaserna från sodapannan för att förvärma förbränningsluften till sodapannan och därmed ersätta delar av färskångan som används till detta. Öka andelen flashånga från tank 2 till förbasningsfickan där flisen förvärms innan kokaren istället för terpentinkondensorn. Detta skulle medföra en reducering av färskånga till förvärmningen av flisen.  Eliminera 3 bars ångan till hetvattentanken och kompensera med ett ökat varmvattenflöde genom ett ökat intag av råvatten som ska bli varmvatten.  Totalt skulle dessa åtgärder potentiellt kunna minska förbrukningen av färskånga med ca 12,5 MW. Potentiellt skulle även mer ånga kunna sparas om rökgaserna från sodapannan tilläts kondensera. Åtgärdsförslag nummer 3 är den som bidrar mest till reduceringen av färskånga på Ahlstrom-Munksjö Aspa Bruk AB. / The purpose of this master’s thesis is to investigate opportunities for a higher energy efficiency in terms of increased heat recovery at Ahlstrom-Munksjö Aspa Bruk AB with the goal of suggesting actions that reduces the need for live steam in process heating. In order to do this a pinch analysis was conducted where the utility consumptions, pinch violations and opportunities for increased energy efficiency were identified and analyzed in order to determine how efficient the heat exchange at Aspa Bruk is. Stream data was gathered at the mill mainly through continuously logging sensor data but also through measurements, environmental inspection reports and assumptions.       From the pinch analysis it was discovered that the external hot utility potentially could be reduced by approximately 19,2 MW given that the system would be as energy efficient as possible, compared to the current need of live steam that is 71,5 MW. However, in reality it is not possible to accomplish this reduction due to technical and economic limitations. Pinch violations stand for about 7,7 MW of the 19,2 MW and are located in the secondary heat system since there is an excess of heat in the warm water- and hot water production.  The actions suggested are based on increasing the efficiency of the energy consumption and removing pinch violations and are also considered feasible. Three suggestions are presented:  Recover the heat in the fumes from the recovery boiler and use it to preheat the combustion air in to the recovery boiler and thereby replace some of the live steam used for this.  Increase the amount of flash steam from tank 2 to the preheating of the woodchips before the boiler by reducing flash steam to the turpentine condenser. This would lead to a reduction in live steam used to preheat the woodchips. Eliminate the 3-bar live steam to the hot water tank and compensate it by increasing the amount of cold water that is going to become warm water.  In total, these proposed arrangements will potentially lead to a reduction in the use of live steam of approximately 12,5 MW. Potentially even more live steam can be saved if the fumes from the recovery boiler are allowed to condense. Number 3 amongst the proposed actions is the one that has the biggest influence on the reduction of live steam at Ahlstrom-Munksjö Aspa Bruk AB.
500

Adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm to global radio resources optimization in H-CRAN / Algoritmo de Monte Carlo adaptativo para otimização dos recursos de radio em H-CRAN

Schimuneck, Matias Artur Klafke January 2017 (has links)
Até 2020 espera-se que as redes celulares aumentam em dez vezes a área de cobertura, suporte cem vezes mais equipamentos de usuários e eleve a capacidade da taxa de dados em mil vezes, comparada as redes celulares atuais. A densa implantação de pequenas células é considerada uma solução promissora para alcançar essas melhorias, uma vez que aproximar as antenas dos usuários proporciona maiores taxas de dados, devido à qualidade do sinal em curtas distâncias. No entanto, operar um grande número de antenas pode aumentar significativamente o consumo de energia da infraestrutura de rede. Além disso, a grande inserção de novos rádios pode ocasionar maior interferência espectral entre as células. Nesse cenário, a gestão dos recursos de rádio é essencial devido ao impacto na qualidade do serviço prestado aos usuários. Por exemplo, baixas potências de transmissão podem deixar usuários sem conexão, enquanto altas potências elevam a possibilidade de ocorrência de interferência. Além disso, a reutilização não planejada dos recursos de rádio causa a ocorrência de interferência, resultando em baixa capacidade de transmissão, enquanto a subutilização de recursos limita a capacidade total de transmissão de dados. Uma solução para controlar a potência de transmissão, atribuir os recursos de rádio e garantir o serviço aos usuários é essencial. Nesta dissertação, é proposto um algoritmo adaptativo de Monte Carlo para realizar alocação global de recursos de forma eficiente em termos de energia, para arquiteturas Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Network (H-CRAN), projetadas como futuras redes de quinta geração (5G). Uma solução eficiente para a alocação de recursos em cenários de alta e baixa densidade é proposta. Nossas contribuições são triplas: (i) proposta de uma abordagem global para o problema de atribuição de recursos de rádio na arquitetura HCRAN, cujo caráter estocástico garante uma amostragem geral de espaço de solução; (ii) uma comparação crítica entre nossa solução global e um modelo local; (iii) a demonstração de que, para cenários de alta densidade, a Eficiência Energética não é uma medida adequada para alocação eficiente, considerando a capacidade de transmissão, justiça e total de usuários atendidos. Além disso, a proposta é comparada em relação a três algoritmos de alocação de recursos de última geração para redes 5G. / Up until 2020 it is expected that cellular networks must raise the coverage area in 10-fold, support a 100-fold more user equipments, and increase the data rate capacity by a 1000-fold in comparison with current cellular networks. The dense deployment of small cells is considered a promising solution to reach such aggressive improvements, once it moves the antennas closer to the users, achieving higher data rates due to the signal quality at short distances. However, operating a massive number of antennas can significantly increase the energy consumption of the network infrastructure. Furthermore, the large insertion of new radios brings greater spectral interference between the cells. In this scenery, the optimal management of radio resources turn an exaction due to the impact on the quality of service provided to the users. For example, low transmission powers can leave users without connection, while high transmission powers can contribute to inter radios interference. Furthermore, the interference can be raised on the unplanned reuse of the radio resources, resulting in low data transmission per radio resource, as the under-reuse of radio resources limits the overall data transmission capacity. A solution to control the transmission power, assign the spectral radio resources, and ensure the service to the users is essential. In this thesis, we propose an Adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm to perform global energy efficient resource allocation for Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Network (HCRAN) architectures, which are forecast as future fifth-generation (5G) networks. We argue that our global proposal offers an efficient solution to the resource allocation for both high and low density scenarios. Our contributions are threefold: (i) the proposal of a global approach to the radio resource assignment problem in H-CRAN architecture, whose stochastic character ensures an overall solution space sampling; (ii) a critical comparison between our global solution and a local model; (iii) the demonstration that, for high density scenarios, Energy Efficiency is not a well suited metric for efficient allocation, considering data rate capacity, fairness, and served users. Moreover, we compare our proposal against three state-of-the-art resource allocation algorithms for 5G networks.

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