Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2005. / Not embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 57-63.

Durante o século XX, o Brasil procurou reduzir ou eliminar a discriminação contra a população negra por meio de legislações punitivas com a finalidade de coibir a discriminação direta. O Estatuto da Igualdade Racial (Lei n.º 12.288/10) inova o ordenamento jurídico trazendo, explicitamente, a modalidade da discriminação indireta, que tem como um dos seus fundamentos a discriminação/racismo institucional. Pretendemos investigar a discriminação contra os negros, no contexto da segurança pública, sob a perspectiva desta modalidade de discriminação (institucional). A linha condutora de nossa pesquisa tem como eixo central a íntima ligação entre Democracia e Direitos Humanos, o que significa dizer que, nos regimes democráticos, é obrigação do Estado garantir a segurança pública com o devido respeito aos direitos humanos e o pleno exercício da cidadania. A partir destas premissas, passaremos a investigar quem são as maiores vítimas de um padrão de violência praticado por agentes responsáveis pela segurança pública e que atinge os cidadãos comuns. Segundo as estatísticas, os negros são vítimas costumeiras de perseguição, tortura e morte, além de mais numerosos na população carcerária. O racismo institucional na segurança pública é discutido, num primeiro momento, levando-se em consideração aspectos jurídicos, históricos e sociológicos relevantes para a compreensão da violência policial incidente sobre a população negra (crime, criminologia, segurança pública, polícia e sua relação com a questão racial no Brasil) e, num segundo momento, a partir de uma perspectiva jurídica, como uma forma de discriminação indireta. / During the twentieth century, Brazil sought to reduce or eliminate discrimination against the black population through punitive legislation in order to inhibit direct discrimination. The statute of Racial Equality (Law n.º 12.288/10) innovates the Law bringing the explicit form of indirect discrimination, which is a foundation of discrimination/ institutional racism. We intend to investigate discrimination against blacks in the context of public safety, from the perspective of this type of discrimination (institutional). The guiding principle of our research is the central axis of the intimate connection between Democracy and Human Rights, which means that, in a democracy regime, is the states obligation to ensure public safety with total respect for human rights and full citizenship. From this premises, we will investigate who is the biggest victims of a pattern are of violence committed by officials responsible for public safety and that affects ordinary citizens. According to statistics, blacks are usual victims of persecution, torture and death, and they are the bigger population in prison. Institutional racism in public safety is discussed at first, acknowledging account legal, historical and sociological studies important to the understanding of police violence incident on the black population (crime, criminology, public safety, police and its relationship to the racism in Brazil), and, second, from a legal perspective, as a form of indirect discrimination.

Este trabalho estuda a desjudicialização da execução por quantia enquanto técnica de aceleração do processo, de modo a avaliar sua possibilidade e funcionalidade para a melhora da atual crise de sobrecarga enfrentada pelo Poder Judiciário. O trabalho apoiou-se principalmente em revisão bibliográfica, análise de dados estatísticos e em pesquisa de campo realizada junto a um cartório judicial. Está dividido em três capítulos, dispostos da seguinte forma. O primeiro capítulo desenvolve o conceito de desjudicialização da execução para, em seguida, analisar o histórico e momento atual das codificações brasileiras de processo civil, identificando, em cada caso, movimentos de desjudicialização. Posteriormente, pontua os principais aspectos do devido processo legal atual que têm relevância para o estudo da desjudicialização. Após, analisa os dados estatísticos acerca da sobrecarga do Poder Judiciário, dando ênfase ao impacto dos processos executivos nos gabinetes e cartórios judiciais. O segundo capítulo estuda procedimentos executivos esparsos do ordenamento brasileiro que também fazem uso da desjudicialização, bem como a utilização da técnica em ordenamentos estrangeiros. O terceiro e último capítulo analisa, primeiramente, de modo geral e abstrato, qual a viabilidade de se utilizar as diversas formas de desjudicialização à luz dos aspectos relevantes do devido processo legal destacados no primeiro capítulo. Finalmente, com base no diagnóstico de sobrecarga do Poder Judiciário do primeiro capítulo, aponta as características e os principais elementos para se aplicar a desjudicialização de forma mais incisiva no procedimento geral de execução por quantia, de modo a contribuir com a melhora da crise de morosidade enfrentada pelo Poder Judiciário. De forma conclusiva, pode-se dizer que a desjudicialização é técnica compatível com o devido processo legal e que uma iniciativa desjudicializada que crie uma alternativa para os cartórios judiciais pode ser um primeiro passo para que, dentre outras melhorias, seja possível um progressivo alívio no fluxo de processos levados ao Judiciário / This study analyzes the possibility and functionality of the de-judicialization of debt enforcement as a technique to accelerate the procedure, with the purpose of reducing the overload of court cases faced by the judiciary system. The study relied on extensive review of the literature, statistical data analysis and field research carried out in a notary public office. The text is divided into three chapters. The first one develops the concept of de-judicialization of the enforcement, with the subsequent analysis of the Brazilian codifications of the civil process through the history to the present, identifying, in each case, movements of de-judicialization. It also presents the main aspects of the present due process of law, that are relevant for the study of the de-judicialization and analyses statistical data on the court system overload, emphasizing the impact of the executive proceedings on chambers and notary public offices. The second chapter presents Brazilian sparse executive proceedings that also make use of de-judicialization, as well as the use of the technique abroad. The third chapter analyses, first, in a general and abstract point of view, the viability of using the different forms of de-judicialization, as per relevant aspects of the due process of law referenced in the first chapter. Finally, based on the diagnose of overload of the court system presented in the first chapter, it`s appointed characteristics and main elements for the implementation of de-judicialization in a more effective way in the general proceeding of debt enforcement, as a way to reduce the lengthy of the Brazilian courts. Conclusively we can say that de-judicialization, is a technique that meets the due process requirements and represents a de-judicialized initiative that provides an alternative for the notary public offices, which may become a first step, among others, to a progressive relief in the flow of cases brought to the judiciary system.

No description available.

This thesis examines privatization of local level corrections in southern California.

In the past twenty years boot camps have been evaluated for effectiveness on reducing recidivism, crowding, and costs to the Departments of Corrections. Program and offender characteristics have been studied. This analysis intends to determine how well studied boot camps are, why there is so much disagreement in the findings, and what impact, if any, boot camp programming has had in corrections.

Abstract Mounting public protests, increasing expensive payouts, and shootings of unarmed victims by police is a call to reexamine options to problem solving, service recovery, and preventing police misconduct as it pertains to the use of force. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the correlation between early intervention system data (a) use of force, citizens' complaints (race and gender), and use of force violations (race, gender, and years of service for officers). The disruptive theoretical framework provided an innovative lens to examine police misconduct of a large midwestern large law enforcement agency. This secondary data study did not find significant relationships between stated variables using chi-square analyses. Although consistent with other studies, males were found likely victims of excessive use of force (X2 = 114.093, p =.000) using multiple regression. By expanding the characteristics of basic variables based on a (use of force) continuum model, the data can be treated as a disruptor with potential to reach maintenance or high productivity and sustainability. The fields of healthcare and education have made strides using this model, and this model may also add to the existing knowledge to create greater transparency, service recovery, and policy modification needed to reduce the use of force police misconduct. As society changes with varying political mandates, public opinions and technological communications, it is apparent that law enforcement must also continually improve efforts to enhance accountability and transparency relating to the use of force

Mass shootings have been a persistent issue in the United States, and the underlying factors that continue to influence this crime are not yet evident. This study explored the effects of social media as an influence on mass shootings in the United States. Its purpose was to address the role of social media in spreading opinionated ideologies. The research question addressed the role of social media in influencing the actions of perpetrators of mass shootings in the United States. The study framework was based on the social-ecological model to facilitate classification of the susceptibilities of social media users to adverse ideologies; 7 experts on mass shootings were interviewed in the study. Findings revealed that social media tend to influence mass shooting in 4 capacities: as enablers of the conceptualization process of the crime until the final act of mass violence; as facilitators of the individual or personal agenda of the mass shooter; as platforms that harness emerging technology for knowledge building during the planning phase and create operational efficiency for the final act; and as coordinators of group or symphonic terrorism. Government authorities in charge of combating mass shootings perform their tasks through actionable intelligence, legislation and policy, training of police and other first responders, mechanical barriers or deterrents, and brainstorming for new techniques and strategies. They are, however, constrained by considerable odds, which often come conjointly with their methods of crime resolution and strategies. Predictive technologies, as vehicles to fight or prevent mass shootings, have limiting influences on government action, particularly relating to the First and Fourth Amendments and the culture of hate that is nurtured and sustained through social media.

abstract: This dissertation examines the San Diego border region to understand migrant construction worker’s mobility, autonomy, and labor power. San Diego County is enclosed by a network of internal immigration checkpoints and roving patrol operations that constrain migrant worker’s labor power to the territorial boundaries of the county. The project uses ‘differential mobility’ as a strategic concept to highlight the ways in which borders differentiate, sort, and rank among noncitizen migrant construction workers to meet local labor demands. The project reveals worker’s collective struggle to evade and cross border enforcement operations to maintain consistent employment across a border region that is marked by internal immigration checkpoints, roving patrol stops, and state surveillance measures. In addition, the project examines migrant men’s emerging workplace narratives about the body and penetration that symbolize workers’ understanding of social domination in a global economy. These expressions open up a critical space from which migrant men begin to critique a global economy that drives men northbound for employment and southbound for retirement—inhibiting a future that is neither entirely in the United States or Mexico. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Justice Studies 2020

Die Dissertation erläutert, wie ein Anonymisierungsdienst zu gestalten ist, so daß er für den durchschnittlichen Internetnutzer benutzbar ist. Ein Schwerpunkt dabei war die Berücksichtigung einer möglichst holistischen Sichtweise auf das Gesamtsystem "Anonymisierungsdienst". Es geht daher um die ingenieurmäßige Berücksichtigung der vielschichtigen Anforderungen der einzelnen Interessengruppen. Einige dieser Anforderungen ergeben sich aus einem der zentralen Widersprüche: auf der einen Seite die Notwendigkeit von Datenschutz und Privatheit für den Einzelnen, auf der anderen Seite die ebenso notwendige Überwachbarkeit und Zurechenbarkeit, etwa für die Strafverfolgung. Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem Aufzeigen und Entwickeln von technischen Möglichkeiten, die zur Lösung dieses Widerspruches herangezogen werden können.