Thesis advisor: Willaim A. Gamson / What are the class culture differences among US progressive social movement groups? This mixed-methods study finds that activists speak and act differently depending on their class background, current class and upward, downward or steady class trajectory, confirming previous research on cultural capital and conditioned class predispositions. In 2007-8, 34 meetings of 25 groups in four movement traditions were observed in five states; 364 demographic surveys were collected; and 61 interviews were conducted. I compared activists' approaches to six frequently mentioned group problems. * Lifelong-working-class activists, usually drawn in through preexisting affiliations, relied on recruitment incentives such as food and one-on-one relationships. Both disempowered neophytes and experienced powerhouses believed in strength in numbers, had positive attitudes towards trustworthy leaders, and stressed loyalty and unity. * Lifelong-professional-middle-class (PMC) activists, usually individually committed to a cause prior to joining, relied on shared ideas to recruit. They focused more on internal organizational development and had negative attitudes towards leadership. Subsets of PMC activists behaved differently: lower professionals communicated tentatively and avoided conflict, while upper-middle-class people were more assertive and polished. * Upwardly mobile straddlers tended to promote their moral certainties within groups. A subset, uprooted from their working-class backgrounds but not assimilated into professional circles, sometimes pushed self-righteously and brought discord into groups. * Voluntarily downwardly mobile activists, mostly young white anarchists, drew the strongest ideological boundaries and had the most distinct movement culture. Mistrustful of new people and sometimes seeing persuasion as coercive, they had the weakest recruitment and group cohesion methods. Analysis of class speech differences found that working-class activists spoke more often but more briefly in meetings, preferred more concrete speech, and used more teasing and self-deprecating humor. The professional-middle-class (in background and/or current class) spoke longer but less often, preferred more abstract vocabulary, and used less negative humor. Group styles were formed by the interplay of members' predominant class trajectories and groups' movement traditions. Better understanding these class culture differences would enable activists to strengthen cross-class alliances to build more powerful social movements. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

Esta tese estuda personagens femininas consideradas populares em duas telenovelas de João Emanuel Carneiro, dirigidas por Amora Mautner, Avenida Brasil (2012) e A Regra do Jogo (2015/2016). Ambas foram exibidas na Rede Globo no horário das 21 horas. Consideramos como populares as personagens que representam mulheres da classe-que-vive-do-trabalho (ANTUNES, 2001), ou seja, que vendem seu trabalho de forma direta ou indireta, e que apresentam o habitus e o capital cultural (BOURDIEU, 2007) da classe popular. O objetivo foi analisar como essas personagens são construídas em termos discursivos e televisuais, face a um discurso circulante (CHARAUDEAU, 2012) a respeito da mulher popular no Brasil. Frente a esse objetivo, o trabalho organizou-se sobre dois grandes eixos: (1) a história e a formação de um discurso sobre a mulher pobre e urbana no país (SOIHET, 2015; FONSECA; 2015; RAGO, 2015), apoiando-nos também no conceito de representação de Hall (2016); (2) a construção da personagem de ficção televisiva, as particularidades das personagens de telenovela e a realização de uma tipologia da personagem feminina popular nas tramas estudadas. As análises consistiram no levantamento das principais características físicas, psicológica e sociais das personagens, na realização de tipologias e no estudo de cada uma delas, 28 no total, com base no plano do conteúdo e no plano da expressão e suas respectivas formas e substâncias, de acordo com a teoria de Hjelmslev (GREIMAS, 1973; FONTANILLE, 2008; VOLLI, 2007). O foco da análise recaiu sobre a construção de um discurso televisual o qual se corporifica por meio de questões formativas e estéticas não apenas do meio televisivo, mas também de matrizes culturais e formatos industriais que compõem a tecnicidade do mapa das mediações de Martín- Barbero (2009) e parte da midiatização. A metodologia empregou ferramentas da análise do discurso, dos estudos de linguagem de Bakhtin (1999; 2003; 2010) e da semiótica para abarcar a complexidade da construção de personagens nessas telenovelas como forma e produto cultural. Ao longo da análise, observou-se que a caracterização espaço-temporal das personagens mostrava-se como elemento-chave para sua construção e, recorrendo ao conceito de cronotopo (Bakhtin, 2010), foram encontrados nas personagens quatro tipos: o cronotopo de aventura, o idílico, o da terceira na vida privada e o trivial. As personagens foram divididas em trabalhadoras e emergentes sociais e nas seguintes tipologias: matriarca, mantenedora, periguete, femme fatale arrivista, melhores amigas, mentoras, camaleão, nêmesis, vilãs, heroína, mulher valente, mocinha melodramática e religiosas. Uma mesma personagem ocupou mais de uma classificação. / This thesis studies female characters considered popular in two telenovelas by João Emanuel Carneiro, directed by Amora Mautner, Avenida Brasil (2012) and A Regra do Jogo (2015/2016). Both were shown on Rede Globo at 9 pm. We consider as popular the characters that represent women of the working class (ANTUNES, 2001), that is, that sell their work directly or indirectly, and that present the habitus and the cultural capital (BOURDIEU, 2007) of the popular class. The objective was to analyze how these characters are constructed in discursive and televisual terms, in the face of a circulating discourse (CHARAUDEAU, 2012) regarding popular women in Brazil. In the face of this objective, the work was organized on two main axes: (1) the history and the formation of a discourse on poor and urban women in the country (SOIHET, 2015, FONSECA, 2015, RAGO, 2015) also in Hall\'s concept of representation (2016); (2) the construction of the character of television fiction, the particularities of telenovela characters and the realization of a typology of the popular female character in the plots studied. The analyzes consisted in the survey of the main physical, psychological and social characteristics of the characters, in the accomplishment of typologies and in the study of each of them, 28 in total, based on the content plane and the plane of expression and their respective forms and substances, according to the theory of Hjelmslev (GREIMAS, 1973; FONTANILLE, 2008; VOLLI, 2007). The focus of the analysis was on the construction of a televisual discourse which is embodied through formative and aesthetic questions not only of the television medium, but also of cultural matrices and industrial formats that compose the technicality of Martín-Barbero\'s mediation map (2009) and part of the mediatization. The methodology employed tools of discourse analysis, Bakhtin\'s language studies (1999; 2003; 2010) and semiotics to encompass the complexity of character building in these telenovelas as a form and cultural product. Throughout the analysis, it was observed that the space-time characterization of the characters was shown as a key element for its construction and, using the concept of chronotope (Bakhtin, 2010), were found four types in the characters: the adventure chronotope, the idyllic, the third in private life and the trivial. The characters were divided into workers and emerging social and in the following typologies: matriarch, maintainer, periguete, femme fatale upstart, best friends, mentors, chameleon, nemesis, villains, heroine, brave woman, melodramatic and religious girl. The same character held more than one classification

Thesis advisor: Shawn McGuffey / Historically, the U.S. has been among the top nation-states of global refugee resettlement, and it continues to be, despite recent domestic political rhetoric against this policy. The U.S. welfare state provides resources to contracted nonprofit immigrant-serving organizations to carry out the U.S. resettlement policy. However, scholars under-examine front-line welfare policy practices with refugees. This area is critical to examine in this historical moment, because scholars argue the rise of neoliberalism has negatively affected the nonprofit human service sector’s capacity to provide social rights to the most vulnerable (Hasenfeld and Garrow 2012). Drawing on participant-observation at a northeastern resettlement organization and 50 semi-structured interviews with front-line bureaucrats and refugees between 2010-2015, I examine how bureaucrats perceive and shape refugees’ initial processes of resettling in the U.S., and how refugees also view this experience. My dissertation found competing restrictive and inclusionary perceptions of and practices with Iraqi, Darfurian, and Bhutanese refugees, which calls into question how, and why, welfare subjects with legal refugee status, are perceived distinctly by their social locations in the shrinking and stigmatized U.S. welfare context. Additionally, my dissertation illuminates how refugees evaluate their resettlement experiences and belonging in the U.S. I present my research in three articles: My first article, Rights and Responsibilities: Bureaucrats’ Competing Frames about U.S. Resettlement Objectives for Refugees, examines the salient frames that bureaucrats used to describe the objectives of U.S. resettlement for refugees. I found two competing frameworks informed their perceptions: market citizenship responsibilities and human rights. By this, I mean local level bureaucrats discussed their role to provide services either geared at making refugees responsible on a path to self-sufficiency, or to provide them with human rights. While I found the responsibilities frame was more dominant, contrary to past findings (Clevenger et al. 2014; Nawyn 2007), frame usage differed depending on one’s professional status and level of experience. Experienced (paid) bureaucrats tended to emphasize the responsibilities frame as most important for assisting refugees with becoming self-sufficient in American society. In contrast, less experienced, temporary (unpaid) bureaucrats generally emphasized the rights frame as most important to assist refugees with gaining membership in the U.S. These insights expand recent immigrant welfare scholarship by illuminating how different local level bureaucratic roles, in contrast to organizational (Nawyn 2010) or city level differences (Clevenger et al. 2014), correlate with distinct frames about refugees. Finally, I discuss how frame usage informs competing notions of the street-level politics of refugee belonging in American society. My second article, Refugees Will Be Poor! Managing Diverging Mobility Transitions to the American Welfare Class, explores how local level bureaucrats evaluate Iraqi and Bhutanese refugees’ “deservingness” of resettlement benefits in the U.S., based on their compliance with self-sufficiency resettlement goals. I argue that bureaucrats divide refugees into “deserving” and “undeserving” poor categories using ethnic and social class distinctions. Specifically, I examined how bureaucrats made decisions to discipline refugees to adhere to a self-sufficiency path. Consequently, these decisions revealed their distinct perceptions of refugee deservingness. Contrary to past scholarship that found race as most salient in informing welfare disciplinary practices and notions of deservingness (Schram 2005; Soss, Fording and Schram 2008), I found bureaucrats used refugees’ ethnicity as a marker for class origins to make decisions to discipline them. They identified Iraqis as having professional class origins; thus, they experienced “unwanted” downward mobility in the U.S. welfare class. In contrast, they viewed Bhutanese as having low class origins; thus, they experienced “desired” upward mobility in the same welfare class. As a result, bureaucrats thought more discipline was needed with Iraqis, compared to the Bhutanese because of their distinct behavioral reactions to their respective mobility shifts. Thus, bureaucrats marked Iraqis as “undeserving” and Bhutanese as “deserving” in their processes of resettling in the U.S. My third article, Waiting for Mobility: Refugee Incorporation as a Process of Temporal Belonging, examines Iraqi and Darfurian refugees’ sense of belonging, on their path toward social mobility in the U.S. I found Iraqis perceived waiting as a lasting obstacle on a generally blocked mobility path; consequently, they felt a sense of enduring social insecurity and a lack of belonging. In contrast, Darfurians perceived waiting as a temporary obstacle to achievable mobility; thus, they felt a sense of belonging, despite feeling a temporary state of social insecurity. Refugees who reconstructed a generally secure past professional class origin (Iraqis), compared to their insecure U.S. class location, expressed more frustration about waiting for mobility. In contrast, refugees who reconstructed a more politically and economically insecure past origin (Darfurians), compared to their secure conditions in the U.S., expressed positive hope for mobility. Bridging welfare theories of waiting (Auyero 2011; Reid 2013) with theories of belonging (Nawyn 2011; Yuval-Davis 2006), I build an immigrant incorporation process theory of temporal belonging to illuminate how refugees’ perceptions of waiting for mobility inform their feelings of belonging in the U.S. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

A pesquisa partiu da seguinte pergunta: quais as repercussões sobre a situação escolar das crianças das camadas populares do aumento das camadas médias na escola pública? Para respondê-la realizamos um estudo etnográfico em uma escola do município de Ribeirão Preto na qual esse fenômeno estava presente. Foram realizadas observações em sala de aula e em outros espaços da escola, além de entrevistas com diretores, orientadores, professores, pais e alunos. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo foram surpreendentes, pois revelaram que a relação entre usuários de camadas médias e a escola pública é muito mais complexa do que supúnhamos. Levadas por dificuldades econômicas, algumas famílias das camadas médias transferem os filhos da rede particular para a pública. Numa tentativa de pôr a escola pública em moldes que não afetem o seu prestígio, alguns pais participam da APM e do Conselho de Escola. Imersos no preconceito social contra os pobres, desejam excluir alunos pobres vistos como mais ameaçadores. Mas a equipe dirigente e o corpo docente não permitem, utilizando a defesa de tais alunos como forma de se contrapor aos pais na disputa pelo poder que se instala. Diante desta resistência, os pais deixam de participar de tais órgãos, mas procuram exercer pressão direta no fazer dos professores. As crianças, imersas neste universo de conflito e preconceito, reproduzem a discriminação na relação com os colegas. / The research has arisen from the following question: \"what are the repercussions on lower class children due to the increase of middle class students in public schools?\" In order to answer that question, we have carried out an ethnological study in a school in the city of Ribeirão Preto where this phenomena was evident. Not only observations (inside the classroom and in other areas in the school) were made, but also interviews with directors, advisers, teachers, parents and pupils. The results of the field research were stunning since they show that the relation between students from the middle class and the public school is much more complex than we would imagine. Due to economic problems, some families, which belong to the middle class, transfer their children from private schools to public ones. Some parents end up joining an APM (an association of parents and teachers) and the School Council so that they can \"control\" the public school in such a way that it does not affect their prestige. As parents are immersed in social prejudice against the poor, they want to exclude poor students once they are seen as the most threatening ones. However, the directors and the teaching faculty do not allow that to happen - they defend poor students as a way of opposing to parents in the fight for power. Having to face this opposition, parents normally give up taking part of school groups but, on the other hand, they put pressure on what teachers are doing. The children, immersed in this universe of conflict and prejudice, propagate discrimination in the relation with their colleagues.

O presente trabalho toma por objeto a operacionalização do conceito de classes por meio da definição de variáveis para classificação da população em grupos sociais. O estudo apóia-se no arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Epidemiologia Crítica que fundamenta-se numa compreensão de saúde e doença que coloca no centro da explicação dos determinantes da saúde, o trabalho - a produção capitalista e, a ele subordinado, a vida - o consumo sob o comando do processo de acumulação capitalista. Esta investigação pretende averiguar a capacidade das variáveis de trabalho e vida - reprodução social de mostrar as diferenças de reprodução social das famílias e apoiar a operacionalização do conceito de classe na contemporaneidade. Tem por objetivos específicos: a) levantar por meio de inquérito domiciliar variáveis de reprodução social de famílias que vivem em diferentes espaços sociais de uma cidade da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo; b) analisar o comportamento dessas variáveis de reprodução social quanto à sua capacidade para formar grupos com semelhantes formas de trabalhar e de viver; c) construir um índice de reprodução social capaz de mostrar as diferenças de reprodução social entre as famílias no micro espaço. Partiu-se de arcabouço proposto na literatura, para criar grupos sociais homogêneos, definindo-se um conjunto de 37 variáveis de formas de trabalhar e de viver, que foram coletadas em uma amostra de 589 famílias de Santo André. A amostra foi definida proporcionalmente de acordo com quatro grupos sociais de Santo André - grupo central, quase central, quase periférico e periférico - divididos a priori por meio de estudo anterior. Dessa forma, a totalidade das famílias divididas em grupos sociais foi entrevistada por meio de questionário com variáveis de produção e de consumo. Tais variáveis submetidas à análise estatística demonstraram que, desse conjunto, a dimensão da produção foi definida pela condição de atividade do chefe de família, qualificação da ocupação e curso preparatório para o trabalho. Já a dimensão do consumo foi definida pelas variáveis propriedade da residência, número de cômodos para dormir, acesso a serviço público de esgoto, legalidade do acesso à água e luz, pagamento de IPTU e culto como atividade de lazer. A partir dessas variáveis capazes de classificar as famílias foram então gerados quatro novos grupos e construído o Índice de Reprodução Social - IRS que se mostra um importante instrumento capaz de mostrar as diferenças de reprodução social de modo a possibilitar o mapeamento dos perfis de reprodução social no micro espaço que, em conjunto com os perfis de saúde-doença, proporciona a construção dos perfis epidemiológicos que embasem tanto o planejamento no âmbito do serviço de saúde quanto o planejamento de políticas públicas voltadas para os determinantes sociais do processo saúde-doença. / This work takes as its object of study the operationalization of the concept of classes by defining cutoff variables for classifying the population in social groups. The study is based upon theoretical and methodological of critical epidemiology is based on an understanding of health and illness by focusing the explanation of health determinants, work - the capitalist production - and subordinated to it, life - consumption under the command of the capitalist accumulation process. This research aims to assess the overall potential of work-life variables - social reproduction - to show class inequalities and support the operationalization of the concept of classes in contemporary society. Its specific objectives: a) take a household poll on the variables of social reproduction of families living in different social spaces in a city in the metropolitan region, b) analyze the behavior of these social reproduction variables on their ability to form groups with similar forms of working and living; c) construct a social reproduction index able to show the differences of social reproduction among families in micro space. It started from the framework proposed in the literature to form homogenous social groups, defining a set of 34 variables on the ways of working and living, which were collected in a sample of 589 families from Santo André. The sample was proportionally defined according to four social groups from Santo André - the central group, almost central, peripheral and almost peripheral - a priori divided by the previous study. Thus, all the families divided into social groups were interviewed using a questionnaire with variables of production and consumption. These variables were subjected to statistical analysis which showed that in this scenario, the dimension of the forms of work was defined by the activity status of the household head, occupation qualification, and preparatory courses for the job. The dimension of the forms of living was defined by the variables: residence ownership, access to public sewage service, legal access to water and light, church services as a leisure activity, payment of property taxes and number of rooms for sleeping. Then, we generated four new groups. Based on these powerful variables to characterize the groups, we were able to build the Social Reproduction Index - SRI - able to show the social reproduction differences among families in the micro-space of the area covered by a Basic Health Unit. It has to be noticed that the variables were not analyzed from their behavior in the four isolated groups, but from the relationship among them and the way this relationship is given in each group. The SRI seems to be a powerful tool for the classification of families in order to enable the mapping of social reproduction profiles in micro space that along with profiles of health and disease provides the construction of the epidemiological profiles able to bolster both the planning within the health service and the planning of public policies aimed to the social determinants of health-disease process.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-04T19:10:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ppgcom - maria beatriz portelinha.pdf: 1579910 bytes, checksum: f9e9693605864fac4e3b48ab0d8a1adb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-04T19:11:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ppgcom - maria beatriz portelinha.pdf: 1579910 bytes, checksum: f9e9693605864fac4e3b48ab0d8a1adb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-04T19:11:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ppgcom - maria beatriz portelinha.pdf: 1579910 bytes, checksum: f9e9693605864fac4e3b48ab0d8a1adb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T19:11:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ppgcom - maria beatriz portelinha.pdf: 1579910 bytes, checksum: f9e9693605864fac4e3b48ab0d8a1adb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / The subject of this thesis is the meaning attributions to popular classes’ everyday food consumption. The consumption, as a social and cultural phenomenon, allows us to investigate society’s ways of life and the meaning attributions given by its members to everyday life. As food consumption, specifically, the meanings are constantly built and materialized into practices, whether due the physical needs or the desire of doing so. By associating food consumption to social classes, specific eating manners become noticeable within each social group having its own eating habitus, revealing traces of their social dynamic. The meanings attributed to consumption are built by the collective, in a way that the culture and socialization manners affect the individual’s ways of thinking, felling and acting, affecting also their lifestyle and their identity formation. The consumption preferences and taste, influenced by the habitus and the individual’s lifestyle, are objects of negotiation between individual’s perceptions and collective knowledge, as a negotiation between individual and society. From that, our aim in this study is to think the relations between food consumptions and the meanings built in its practices, investigating its relation with identity construction in a media society. We base our study in theories of authors who articulate the consumption to social relations as Bourdieu, Barros and Rocha, García Canclini, Martín-Barbero, Slater, Landowski, Barbosa and Fischler, to verify the meaning attributions about food consumption and how they are related to the everyday life of popular classes. By means of in-depth interviews with decision makers from families of those classes we investigated the eating consumption and media practices of those individuals, verifying how it relates to their lifestyles. Synthetically, we noticed that the eating consumption practices are related to the demands of their everyday practices and their cultural and social identities. The association between feeding and social class reveled different manners of food preparation, behavior, purchasing strategies and food preferences, with social condition stablishing itself as a category that guides their actions. / O tema desta pesquisa é atribuição de sentidos ao consumo cotidiano de alimentos pelas classes populares. O consumo, como um fenômeno social e cultural, permite-nos investigar os modos de vida de uma sociedade e os sentidos por ela atribuídos ao seu cotidiano. No consumo de alimentos, mais especificamente, os sentidos são constantemente construídos e materializados em práticas, seja pela necessidade fisiológica desse consumo ou pelo desejo de realizá-lo. Ao associar o consumo de alimentos a diferentes classes sociais, modos específicos de alimentação se tornam visíveis com cada grupo social possuindo um habitus alimentar próprio e revelando traços de sua dinâmica social. Os significados atribuídos ao consumo são construídos na coletividade, de modo que a cultura e os modos de socialização influenciam nos modos de pensar, sentir e agir dos indivíduos, influenciando em seu estilo de vida e na constituição de suas identidades. As preferências de consumo e o gosto, influenciados pelo habitus e pelo estilo de vida dos indivíduos, são objetos da negociação entre as percepções individuais e os saberes coletivos, sendo uma negociação entre o indivíduo e a sociedade. A partir disso, o objetivo do estudo é pensar as relações entre o consumo de alimentos e os sentidos construídos em suas práticas, investigando sua relação com o processo de construção identitária de indivíduos em meio a uma sociedade midiática. Apoiamo-nos nas teorias de autores que articulam o consumo às relações sociais, como Bourdieu, Barros e Rocha, García Canclini, Martín-Barbero, Slater, Landowski, Barbosa e Fischler, para verificar as atribuições de sentido no consumo de alimentos e como estes se relacionam ao cotidiano das classes populares. Por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com decisoras de compra de famílias dessas classes, investigamos as práticas de consumo alimentares e midiáticas desses indivíduos, verificando como estas se relacionam a seus modos de vida. Sinteticamente, verificamos que as práticas de consumo alimentares de nossas entrevistadas estão relacionadas às demandas práticas cotidianas e a suas identidades culturais e sociais. A alimentação associada a classe social revelou diferentes modos de preparo, comportamento, estratégias de compra e preferência por alimentos específicos, com a condição social estabelecendo-se como uma categoria que orienta suas ações.

Pesquisas que tratam do acesso e da permanência de estudantes provenientes das camadas populares na Educação Superior têm surgido, no Brasil, principalmente a partir da década de 1990. Tais estudos investigam os processos que permitem a esses estudantes o ingresso no ensino superior, através, sobretudo, da discussão sobre as práticas familiares de escolarização. Partindo das contribuições desses trabalhos, o objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar a trajetória escolar e a experiência universitária de estudantes de cursos superiores de alta seletividade provenientes das camadas populares, bem como discutir os sentidos, atribuídos por eles próprios, do ingresso e da permanência no Ensino Superior público. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, que versaram sobre a vida escolar dos estudantes, com cinco alunos dos cursos mais concorridos de um dos campi da Universidade de São Paulo localizado no interior do Estado. Os relatos dos estudantes permitem compreender que, se por um lado, suas trajetórias são marcadas por esforço, solidão e situações de desenraizamento e humilhação, por outro, a entrada na universidade pública traz possibilidades que transformam inteiramente suas perspectivas de vida, não sendo o sofrimento a tônica de seus discursos. Além disso, destaca-se a forte presença do trabalho em suas trajetórias de vida, bem como suas percepções sobre a contribuição da escola para seus percursos. / Studies looking at ingress and completion of college courses by students from low-income classes in Brazil have emerged, mainly from the 1990s on. Such studies have investigated the processes that allow those students enter a higher education institution largely by discussing familiar schooling practices. Based on contributions by those studies, this research aimed to assess the educational paths and experiences of students from low-income classes enrolled in highly selective schools as well as discuss the significance attributed by themselves to their ingress and completion of higher education in Public Universities. In order to reach the studys goal, in depth interviews that focused school convivial life were carried out with five students in the most wanted careers of one of the campi of the University of São Paulo. The students reports show that their pathways have been marked by hard work, loneliness, and uprooting events and humiliation. On the other hand, entering a public university led to opportunities that completely changed their lifers prospects, with suffering not as part of their discourse. Furthermore, hard work outstood in their lifes pathways as well as their perceptions on schools contribution to their trajectories.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edith Ferreira de Souza Oliveira.pdf: 486090 bytes, checksum: b14317e523703d26121918727e0dd76e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The ageing process is not only about genetics, it is also related to a life-style. It is a victory built throughout life. The genetics may postpone life, however, it does not guarantee quality of life. The goals of this study were to verify the reactions and attitudes of subjects aged over 50 years old related to body changes during the aging process. Prior to setting these goals, the assessment of the methodological procedure was carried out with two questionnaires: (1) the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for social classes classification and (2) a questionnaire with open and closed questions conducted by the investigator to obtain the collection of dates. We studied 83 subjects, 57 women and 26 men. Regarding the research data, health and appearance were factors of concern in all social classes. Nevertheless, the male group put in second plan a main factor such as the health worrying. Both factors had similar level of concern for the female group. Regardless of gender, we found some differences concerning social classes layers. Overall, the signs of aging were early perceived in the E social class, followed by C and D social classes. The ageing process in the social classes A1, A2, B1 and B2 were further perceived. In summary the main reactions and attitudes expressed by individuals in the process of aging have led us to conclude that men and women have different perceptions about ageing, as well as different social classes / O envelhecimento sadio não é só uma questão de genética ou sorte. É uma conquista construída ao longo da vida. A genética pode ampliar as fronteiras da idade, mas não garante qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar as reações e atitudes de indivíduos com idade superior a 50 anos, frente às modificações que o corpo apresenta durante o processo de envelhecimento. A metodologia utilizada a partir do objetivo acima explicitado levou em conta o instrumento de trabalho. Um questionário modelo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para classificação das classes sociais e um roteiro com questões abertas e fechadas elaboradas pela pesquisadora para obtenção da coleta de dados qualitativos. Participaram desta pesquisa 83 indivíduos (57 mulheres e 26 homens). Observou-se que a saúde e aparência foram fatores de preocupação em todas as classes sociais, considerando-se que o sexo masculino teve como principal fator preocupante a saúde ficando a aparência em segundo plano. Para o sexo feminino os dois fatores, saúde e aparência, tiveram nível de preocupação igual. Verificou-se que entre as classes sociais que perceberam mais precocemente os sinais de envelhecimento foi a classe social E, seguido das classes C e D, ressalta-se aqui que o envelhecimento nas classes sociais A1, A2, B1, e B2 foram percebidos mais tardiamente. As principais reações e atitudes manifestadas pelos indivíduos dentro do processo de envelhecimento levaram-nos a concluir que, homens e mulheres têm percepções diferentes sobre o envelhecimento, bem como para as diferentes classes sociais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaime de Oliveira Soares.pdf: 443262 bytes, checksum: 328172ed74888e67570fd3f3bb4d7473 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-13 / This research has as discusses the role that the people exercise in the formation of political identities and the construction of political speeches by political movements in Latin America: who are the people in contemporary mass society? What is the weight of its role in social and political events of national social formations in recent history? This study therefore aims to partially reconstruct the main path along the "theory of populism" in the work of academic researcher and teacher, born in Argentina and settled in England, Ernesto Laclau, with the aim of studying its core elements, besides presenting its ruptures and continuities front of historical events. Another objective, also sought, is to present part of the debate of ideas involving currently such a theory within the social sciences, presenting some of his interlocutors. We believe that these objectives are critical to the future that we can produce policy analysis about the political movements in countries (national social formations) in Latin America / Esta pesquisa tem como problemática o papel que o povo exerce no processo de formação das identidades políticas e na construção de discursos políticos por movimentos políticos na América Latina: quem é o povo na sociedade de massas contemporânea? Qual é o peso de seu papel nos acontecimentos sociais e políticos das formações sociais nacionais na história recente? O presente trabalho, portanto, tem por objetivo principal reconstruir parcialmente o longo trajeto da teoria do populismo na obra acadêmica do pesquisador e professor, nascido na Argentina e radicado na Inglaterra, Ernesto Laclau, com o intuito de estudar alguns seus elementos centrais, além de apresentar suas rupturas e continuidades frente aos acontecimentos históricos. Como objetivo específico, também almejado, pretende apresentar parte do debate de ideias que envolve, atualmente, tal teoria dentro das nas ciências sociais, apresentando alguns de seus interlocutores. Pensa-se que tais objetivos são fundamentais para que se consiga futuramente produzir análises políticas acerca das movimentações políticas nos países (as formações sociais nacionais) da America Latina

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaime de Oliveira Soares.pdf: 443262 bytes, checksum: 328172ed74888e67570fd3f3bb4d7473 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-13 / This research has as discusses the role that the people exercise in the formation of political identities and the construction of political speeches by political movements in Latin America: who are the people in contemporary mass society? What is the weight of its role in social and political events of national social formations in recent history? This study therefore aims to partially reconstruct the main path along the "theory of populism" in the work of academic researcher and teacher, born in Argentina and settled in England, Ernesto Laclau, with the aim of studying its core elements, besides presenting its ruptures and continuities front of historical events. Another objective, also sought, is to present part of the debate of ideas involving currently such a theory within the social sciences, presenting some of his interlocutors. We believe that these objectives are critical to the future that we can produce policy analysis about the political movements in countries (national social formations) in Latin America / Esta pesquisa tem como problemática o papel que o povo exerce no processo de formação das identidades políticas e na construção de discursos políticos por movimentos políticos na América Latina: quem é o povo na sociedade de massas contemporânea? Qual é o peso de seu papel nos acontecimentos sociais e políticos das formações sociais nacionais na história recente? O presente trabalho, portanto, tem por objetivo principal reconstruir parcialmente o longo trajeto da teoria do populismo na obra acadêmica do pesquisador e professor, nascido na Argentina e radicado na Inglaterra, Ernesto Laclau, com o intuito de estudar alguns seus elementos centrais, além de apresentar suas rupturas e continuidades frente aos acontecimentos históricos. Como objetivo específico, também almejado, pretende apresentar parte do debate de ideias que envolve, atualmente, tal teoria dentro das nas ciências sociais, apresentando alguns de seus interlocutores. Pensa-se que tais objetivos são fundamentais para que se consiga futuramente produzir análises políticas acerca das movimentações políticas nos países (as formações sociais nacionais) da America Latina