Introdução: As neoplasias são responsáveis por uma série de alterações nutricionais, evidenciando a importância da avaliação de crianças e adolescentes ao diagnóstico de câncer para estabelecer metas para recuperar ou manter o adequado estado nutricional durante o período da internação hospitalar. Os fatores socioeconômicos, além de estarem relacionados com as condições de saúde comprometendo o estado nutricional dos pacientes, também colaboram para a desigualdade no acesso aos centros especializados influenciando nas taxas de morbimortalidade do câncer infantil. Objetivo: Descrever o estado nutricional e o perfil socioeconômico de crianças e adolescentes com neoplasia maligna em dois centros hospitalares universitários públicos de Porto Alegre/RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal incluindo 102 pacientes ao diagnóstico ou recidiva de neoplasia, com idade entre zero e 19 anos, internados no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e hospitais integrantes do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. O estado nutricional foi avaliado com base nos critérios preconizados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde 2006/2007, considerando os parâmetros antropométricos estatura/idade, índice de massa corporal/idade, circunferência braquial/idade e dobra cutânea triciptal/idade. A avaliação socioeconômica foi realizada a partir do questionário de classificação econômica, da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa, e por uma ficha sociodemográfica composta por perguntas elaboradas com base no Censo Demográfico 2010. Ambos os instrumentos foram respondidos pelos pais ou responsáveis. Resultados: A mediana de idade da amostra foi de 6,9 (0 a 18,9) anos, predominando o sexo masculino (53,9%) e cor/raça branca (70,6%). Os diagnósticos mais freqüentes foram leucemias (42,2%) e linfomas (15,7%). A maioria dos pacientes era procedente da zona urbana (80,4%) e em mais da metade dos casos o nível de escolaridade predominante dos pais foi o Ensino Fundamental. Em relação ao estado nutricional, 5,9% estavam desnutridos, 7,8% em risco para baixo peso, 59,8% eutróficos, 10,8% em risco para sobrepeso, 6,9% estavam com sobrepeso e 8,8% obesos. Quanto à classe econômica, 3,9%, pertenciam à classe A, 24,5% à classe B, 52% à classe C e 19,6% às classes D e E. Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre estado nutricional e classe econômica. Conclusão: Os achados indicam a necessidade de realizar uma abordagem nutricional precoce e ativa, diante do elevado número de pacientes, tanto com excesso, como deficiência de peso. / Introduction: Neoplasms are responsible for a number of nutritional changes, highlighting the importance of evaluation children and adolescents who are diagnosed with cancer to establish goals to regain or maintain adequate nutritional status during the hospitalization period. Besides being related to health conditions affecting patient nutritional status, socioeconomic factors also collaborate to inequality in access to specialized centers, which influences the morbidity and mortality rates of childhood cancer. Objective: This study aims to describe the nutritional status and the socioeconomic profile of children and adolescents with neoplasm in two public university hospitals centers in Porto Alegre/RS. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 102 patients with the diagnosis or cancer relapse, aged zero to 19 years, admitted at the Hospital de Clinicas of Porto Alegre and hospitals that are members of the Conceição Hospital Group. Nutritional status was evaluated and classified according to the World Health Organization 2006/2007 criteria, considering the anthropometric parameters height/age, body mass index/age, arm circumference/age and triceps skinfold/age. The socioeconomic evaluation was performed by the economic classification questionnaire, the Brazilian Association of Research Companies, and by a sociodemographic record consisting of questions elaborated based on Census 2010. Both instruments were answered by parents or guardians. Results: The median age of the sample was 6.9 (0 to 18.9) years, the predominating male (53.9%) and race/ethnicity white (70.6%). The most frequent diagnoses were leukemia (42.2%) and lymphomas (15.7%). Most patients came from the urban area (80.4%) and the level of parental education was the Elementary School in over half of the cases. Regarding nutritional status, 5.9% were malnourished, 7.8% at risk for low weight, 59.8% normal weight, 10.8% at risk for overweight, 6.9% were overweight and 8.8% were obese. As for the economic class, 3.9%, belonged to the Class A, 24.5% to Class B, 52% to Class C and 19.6% to D-E classes. No significant association between nutritional status and economic class was found. Conclusion: Given the high frequency of deficit or excess weight in children and adolescents, the findings indicate that the establishment of an early nutritional approach in routine care of patients who are exposed to anticancer treatment is essential.

AbstractThe fashion industry is today one of the most interesting, exciting and fast-moving industriesin the world. On the streets we can see people wearing all kind of brands, both fast fashionbrands and luxury brands. Some people mix different brands, while some people stick toeither fast fashion or luxury brands. Today people wear different brands to express theirpersonal style but also social and class relationships.The purpose of this study is to find out why some consumers prefer to purchase luxury brandsinstead of fast fashion and what added value is given to them so they choose luxury. It alsodeals with what kind of people purchase luxury brands and if there are any differences. Tosucceed with this study I have therefore made a qualitative study where interviews were madewith several store managers at luxury brand stores in central Stockholm and observations.I found from this research that the consumers of luxury brands purchase luxury because of thequality that they receive and the service. The consumers are very quality conscious andbelieve it is more sustainable to purchase something that has good quality than buyingsomething that is cheap with poor quality. They also choose luxury brands because ofexpertise from the personnel, and personal contact between the store assistants and theconsumer. Consumers purchase a whole concept when they choose luxury. They chooseluxury because of the experience they receive that cannot be given at fast fashion stores.I also found from this research that there is a mixture of consumers who purchase luxurybrands. There is all kind of consumers, everything from upper class, brat wannabes, andmiddle class, younger consumers to old grand parents. Some purchase luxury brands for thequality and some for the status it gives them.Besides of why consumers choose luxury brands and what consumers who actually purchase Ifound that consumer of luxury brands have changed in the past ten years. It used to be onlyupper class but more and more luxury brands have widen their target group by offeringproducts that are less expensive so more people can afford it, but still in the frame of what isluxury.Key definitions: Fast fashion, luxury brands, upper class, brat wannabes, and social class. / Program: Magisterutbildning i fashion management med inriktning modemarknadsföring

A presente pesquisa analisa as transformações nas famílias brasileiras do ponto de vista dos diferenciais entre classes e da autonomia feminina no período de 1976 a 2012. Elegeu-se analisar aspectos da formação de família, reprodução, socialização dos filhos e divisão do trabalho (doméstico e remunerado). Na primeira parte, apresenta-se o objeto da pesquisa, seu referencial teórico e histórico. O capítulo 1 apresenta o problema de pesquisa, situando-o no quadro geral das mudanças na condição das mulheres nas famílias no Ocidente e em face das hipóteses de classe presentes nas pesquisas de gênero e família no Brasil. O capítulo 2 apresenta o referencial teórico empregado, considerando a relação entre vida familiar e as estratificações de classe e gênero, e a mudança social como transformação no equilíbrio de poder. O capítulo 3 oferece evidências históricas da diversidade e das mudanças, na longa duração, das práticas familiares e dos rótulos a elas associados, aprofundando-se, a seguir, a experiência de modernização do contexto de 1976 a 2012, escolhido para a análise de dados. Na parte dois investigam-se as transformações nas dimensões centrais da vida familiar, relativas à conjugalidade, reprodução e socialização de filhos. Destacam-se o controle da fecundidade pela contracepção, o adiamento da união e da maternidade, as mudanças no equilíbrio de poder nos casais, e a superação e até inversão das desigualdades educacionais das filhas comparadas aos filhos. Abordam-se também aspectos persistentes de desigualdades em cada uma dessas esferas, como a violência entre parceiros íntimos, a maternidade na adolescência e as dificuldades no processo de autonomização dos jovens. Na terceira parte, indaga-se sobre a construção da autonomia econômica das mulheres na intersecção entre as dimensões do trabalho doméstico e remunerado. No capítulo 7, após constatar a tendência geral e as variações por classe no crescimento da participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho, nota-se que o engajamento feminino ainda é afetado pelas características familiares. Constata-se também o crescimento da presença de renda de trabalho ou de outra fonte, o que leva a considerar o debate em torno das políticas sociais que concedem titularidade às mulheres. No capítulo 8, analisa-se a divisão do trabalho doméstico e de cuidado, aspecto no qual as desigualdades de gênero seguem expressivas não apenas na geração adulta, mas também entre os filhos, o que conduz à discussão dos limites das mudanças na estratificação de gênero e das propostas em torno da conciliação entre trabalho e família e do direito ao cuidado. Na conclusão, destaca-se que, a despeito das variações por classe no ritmo e grau das mudanças, as mulheres brasileiras, no período 1976-2012, movem-se em direção a um melhor equilíbrio de gênero nas relações familiares. Também são problematizados os limites das mudanças e algumas de suas implicações para as dinâmicas de classe e gênero, indicando ainda algumas direções para pesquisas futuras.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Clenio Faria Marcelino.pdf: 549832 bytes, checksum: 93a9e888827b5566726ff168fdfffbe9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-06 / Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie / This research, in its historical-theological approach, analyzes sexual pedagogy in Brazilian Protestantism through the published literature on this topic for church members. Two objectives were set for this study: a) Explain how sexuality has been represented in the patristic and classical theology of Protestantism; b) Investigate how sexuality has been represented in the published literature and academic research on the topic in the Brazilian Protestantism, especially in the so-called sexual pedagogy of Protestantism. As theoretical frameworks, the author used Prócoro Velasques Filho (O Comportamento Protestante), Robinson Cavalcanti (Uma Bênção Chamada Sexo, Libertação e Sexualidade) and Antônio Máspoli de Araújo Gomes (As Representações Sociais do Corpo e da Sexualidade no Protestantismo Brasileiro). The researcher worked through the method of literary bibliographical research. / A presente pesquisa, numa abordagem histórico-teológica, analisa a pedagogia sexual no protestantismo brasileiro por meio da literatura publicada sobre este tema para o consumo dos membros de igreja. Foram traçados dois objetivos para este trabalho: a) Explicitar como a sexualidade foi representada na patrística e na teologia clássica do Protestantismo; b) Investigar como a sexualidade tem sido representada na produção editorial e acadêmica sobre o tema no Protestantismo brasileiro, especialmente na chamada pedagogia sexual do Protestantismo. Prócoro Velasques Filho (O Comportamento Protestante), Robinson Cavalcanti (Uma Bênção Chamada Sexo, Libertação e Sexualidade) e Antônio Máspoli de Araújo Gomes (As Representações Sociais do Corpo e da Sexualidade no Protestantismo Brasileiro) foram utilizados como referenciais teóricos. O pesquisador trabalhou através do método de pesquisa bibliográfico literário.

Introduction: Research suggests that patients with head and neck cancer from poorer backgrounds are more likely to have recurrences or die earlier than similar patients from affluent backgrounds. Survival is influenced by tumour characteristics on presentation and a range of individual factors such as socioeconomic status and comorbidity. Deprived patients of more advanced age have a higher likelihood of having comorbidity; this may be due to high-risk lifestyle behaviours such as smoking and drinking. Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that survival will be lower in these deprived patients which can be attributed to comorbidity compared to index diseases such as the head and neck cancer itself. Survival rates for head and neck cancer patients are approximately 50% in the first five years in Scotland. This is dependent on a range of individual and tumour-related factors such as head and neck cancer sub-type and stage at diagnosis. The risk of head and neck cancer developing in deprived patients has been likened to that of developing head and neck cancer in heavy smokers. While the relationship between deprivation and comorbidity in head and neck cancer has been established, how both factors affect survival is yet to be explored. Reviewing these two factors individually has demonstrated the need to assess how both interact with each other in determining clinical presentation and survival. Aim: The aims of this thesis are:- 1. To investigate the roles and interrelationship between comorbidity and deprivation on the survival of HNC patients. 2. To investigate whether there are differences in HNC presentation based on comorbidity and deprivation. 3. To ascertain whether patients from deprived backgrounds with comorbidity present with more advanced cancers. Methods: In order to answer the research questions, this project began by describing the index disease, HNC and how comorbidity and deprivation are placed within the epidemiology of this disease using systematic review methods. The rationale for embarking upon this study was highlighted. Data linkage of administrative datasets We used anonymised patient data that was accessed through an encrypted repository held by the Health Informatics Centre. The data that was used in the retrospective cohort analysis was obtained from a prospective dataset collected by the Fife Head and Neck cancer Specialist Nurse (Fife data) and a retrospective case note review from the Tayside oncology records held by the Ear Nose and Throat Department and the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery team. Thereafter we matched the patient data with that from routine medical datasets such the Scottish Morbidity Records, SMR01- inpatient discharges and SMR06 – Cancer Registry data. We conducted survival analysis methods with the intent of assessing the impact of both comorbidity and deprivation in determining survival. Results: The systematic review found that worsening levels of comorbidity were linked to reduced survival whereas patients with low incomes and poor educational attainment also had poor survival outcomes. Being young and having severe comorbidity appeared to also be associated with poorer survival. In the retrospective cohort analysis, the level of association between risk of death with comorbidity and deprivation could not be clearly ascertained in the patients from Fife. The Tayside data to a larger extent supported the systematic review findings particularly for the comorbidity measures with clearly defined measures of association for the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation income and education domains. Conclusions: This thesis was able to use evidence triangulation by way of a systematic review of the literature followed by a retrospective cohort analysis to investigate what influence on prognosis both comorbidity and deprivation posed in patients with head and neck cancer. There was substantiation of both factors interacting with head and neck cancer to cause a significantly reduced impact on survival. The inherent difficulties of measuring socioeconomic status and comorbidity encountered in this thesis may go some way towards illustrating the complexity and multifaceted nature of both comorbidity and socioeconomic status; particularly the quite complex interplay between socioeconomic status, comorbidity, stage at diagnosis, and access to care in head and neck cancer, and these factors’ ultimate impact on survival. We found that socioeconomic status i.e. deprivation, comorbidity, stage at diagnosis, access to care, and survival are all potentially causally related. Future work directed at using administrative data linked to medical records would not be sufficient; there is need for epidemiological and clinical studies to unravel the survival disadvantage. To this end clinical cohorts could be nested within larger registry based studies which would allow for uniform interventions based on clinical practice guidelines, uniform SES measurement and ascertainment of comorbidity using a head and neck cancer comorbidity index, i.e. the Washington University Head and Neck Cancer Index.

Esta pesquisa observacional transversal visou investigar, numa dicotomia socioeconômica, o impacto das condições de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida de adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos da cidade de Bauru, interior do estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, foi realizado levantamento epidemiológico das condições de saúde bucal de adolescentes escolares de 15 a 19 anos matriculados nas escolas estaduais do Parque Santa Edwirges (PSE), Escola Estadual Parque Santa Edwirges e Escola Estadual Vereador Antônio Ferreira de Menezes, e do Jardim Estoril (JE), Escola Estadual Professor Christino Cabral, do município de Bauru, estado de São Paulo. Investigou-se o impacto das condições de saúde bucal sobre a qualidade de vida por meio do uso do questionário Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Realizou-se a classificação socioeconômica das famílias dos sujeitos de pesquisa, e então se relacionou as condições de saúde bucal com a qualidade de vida (OHIP-14). Foi realizada calibração (Kappa>0,80) para estes índices. O estudo piloto permitiu determinar a amostra total de 297 sujeitos de pesquisa com base no índice CPOD e seu desvio padrão. A amostra efetivamente examinada foi de 332 adolescentes voluntários do Parque Santa Edwirges e do Jardim Estoril. Os índices utilizados foram CPOD, índice periodontal comunitário (CPI), perda de inserção periodontal (PIP), índice de estética dentária (DAI) e índice de Dean para Fluorose. Para comparação destes índices de saúde bucal nas duas populações foi realizado o teste de Mann-Whitney. Para verificar a correlação destes índices com o resultado do OHIP-14 foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. E para relacionar os índices de saúde bucal juntos com o OHIP-14 foi realizada regressão linear multivariada. No JE as famílias dos sujeitos de pesquisa eram de nível socioeconômico maior que no PSE (p=0,000). No PSE a fluorose foi prevalente em 21,08% e no JE 14,29%. O sangramento após sondagem ocorreu em 74,05% no PSE e em 46,26% no JE. A prevalência de ausência de perda de inserção periodontal no JE foi nula e no PSE 5,95%. Oclusão normal foi prevalente em 29,73% no PSE e em 42,18% no JE. Em todos estes índices a diferença foi estatisticamente significante (p<0,050). O componente cariado do CPOD foi mais alto no PSE (p=0,000) e o restaurado maior no JE (p=0,000). A diferença no índice CPOD não foi significante (p=0,837) entre estas populações. Os índices CPOD, DAI, CPI e PIP juntos foram mais altos no PSE (p<0,050) e a regressão linear múltipla com o OHIP-14 apresentou-se significante somente neste bairro e na média geral (p<0,001), demonstrando a efetividade do impacto negativo das condições de saúde bucal no bairro de classe mais baixa. / This cross-sectional observational study investigated, in a socioeconomic dichotomy, the impact of oral health conditions on quality of life of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in the city of Bauru, Brazilian state São Paulo. An epidemiological survey of oral health condition ran with 15 to 19 years old adolescent students enrolled in the public schools at Parque Santa Edwirges (PSE), Parque Santa Edwirges and Vereador Antonio Ferreira de Menezes, and at Jardim Estoril (JE), Professor Christino Cabral. It was investigated the impact of oral health on quality of life through the use of the questionnaire \"Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The socioeconomic classification of the families of research subjects and the correlation of oral health condition with the quality of life (OHIP-14) was done. Calibration was performed (Kappa> 0.80) for these indices. A pilot study determined the total sample of 297 study subjects based on the DMFT Index and its standard deviation. The sample actually examined was 332 volunteers from the Parque Santa Edwirges and Jardim Estoril. The indices used were DMFT, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Periodontal Attachment Loss (PIP), Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and Dean\'s index for fluorosis. The comparison of rates of oral health conditions between both populations was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. To verify the correlation of these indices with the results of OHIP-14 it was used the coefficient of correlation of Spearman. And to relate the rates of oral health with the OHIP-14 was performed multiple linear regression. In JE the families of the study subjects were of higher socioeconomic level than in the PSE (p=0.000). In PSE the dental fluorosis was prevalent in 21.08% and in JE 14.29%. Bleeding after probing occurred in 74.05% in the PSE and in JE 46.26%. The prevalence of periodontal attachment loss in JE was null and was 5.95% in the PSE subjects. Normal occlusion was prevalent in 29.73% in the PSE and 42.18% in JE. In all these indices the difference was statistically significant (p <0.050). The decayed component of DMFT was higher in the PSE (p = 0.000) and higher in the restored component in JE (p = 0.000). The difference in the DMFT index was not significant (p = 0.837) in these populations. The DMFT, DAI, CPI and PIP together were higher in the PSE (p<0,050) and multiple linear regression presented was significant only in this neighborhood and in the overall average (p<0,001), demonstrating the effectiveness of the negative impact of oral health conditions in the neighborhood of lower socioeconomic class subjects.

Excerpt from Introduction" Social class is one of the fundamental analytical categories for studying southern cultures. Exploring southern society as the context for cultural life is an enduring concern of scholars from such disciplines as sociology, social history, anthropology, social psychology, and political science, among others, and this volume shows the vital public policy connections to scholarly issues of social class.

The following work is a collection of short stories, each of which is set in Southeastern North Carolina in a particular medium-sized town. The stories are concerned with the idea of place and with what it is like to have lived all of one’s life in one setting. Thus, the characters here range from childhood to old age, they are from various social classes, and they occupy varying roles in both traditional and non-traditional families. The concern of this collection is how people of all stripes occupy a single place for generations, and more specifically what the nature of community is.

The aims of this essay were to investigate whether it was possible to read out the social class of the parents in judgments from the District Court concerning 2Åò LVU, the law of special provisions due to care for children, and whether the results was considered legally secure or if the outcome was affected by the parents' social class. We chose to use a content analysis where we analyzed 25 court judgments with help of the concepts social class, discrimination and legal certainty. This meant that we worked on the basis of a deductive analysis method in order to be able to summarize and interpret our results. What emerged in our result was that the incidence of social class in the verdict was very small. What could have been decisive was whether the parents' professions had been clearly presented in the judgment, which they were in very few cases. Therefore, we chose not only to use the parent's work as a marker for social class but also added categories such as everyday life/ routines, violence, housing, the parents childhood/mental health and social network. However, these categories were not able to individually answer our question. Hence, we instead chose to make a comparison between the categories. What the result showed us was that people with an ethnicity, other than Swedish, tended to get forcible custody of their children due to child abuse more often than parents without another ethnicity than Swedish.

This study investigated a little known topic: the experiences of working-class, white male, professors, who have attained tenure. Academics who have immigrated from working class backgrounds have reported experiences of navigating culturally confusing interactions within their professional settings, even years after their class migrations. Working-class, white, male, tenured academics were selected for the present study in order to ascertain findings intended to contribute to understandings of their pre-tenure experiences, and strategies that they believed were most significant for tenure attainment. Ethnographic research methods were employed in this study. Research questions guiding the study were: "What do first-generation, white male college professors identify as the key factors which helped them achieve tenure?" and, "To what extent did their class background help or hinder the process?" The data analysis chapter divides participants' experiences into three themes; Theme 1 addresses some of the formal and informal social contexts of the tenure process. Themes 2 and 3 focus on the participants' psychological and social challenges and successes that were also part of the process. This study analyzed data regarding social contexts that participants believed were relevant to their tenure attainment. Participants experienced academic culture in ways connected to important issues of diversity and exclusion found in the literature on the experiences of other, more traditionally recognized marginalized groups in American higher education. Seemingly routine work related events often transpired according to unwritten social rules informed by academic culture. Most participants reported significant cultural outsider experiences, and although they experienced cultural based success challenges, they gradually developed strategies that incorporated working-class background experiences into their pre-tenure period experiences in ways that they believed constituted unique professional strengths. Findings were generalized in four statements: most participants experienced social class-related struggles toward gaining tenure attainment; most participants had entered academia without adequate cultural knowledge; most participants experienced academic work and social related practices as contentious with their working-class sensibilities; and most participants gradually developed internal truces between their past and present cultural orientations toward their eventual goal of tenure attainment. Directions for future study and concluding thoughts are included.