Bibliographic identification METLICKÁ, Martina. Testing dyspraxia of children and adolescents dancing acrobatic rock'n'roll and of children and adolescents with specific abnormalities. Prague: Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of rehabilitation and sports medicine, 2015. 91p. Supervisor MUDr. Josef Kraus, CSc. Abstract The theoretical part of this thesis briefly summarizes the findings of developmental dyspraxia and briefly characterizes different diseases encountered by tested subjects from a test sample of children with specific abnormalities, neurofibromatosis type 1 and Asperger's syndrome, and explores their relationship with developmental dyspraxia. The possibility of using dance therapy is also mentioned. The practical part is focused on evaluating the level of motor skills of children with specific abnormalities and children's rock and roll dancers using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2. Another objective is to determine whether the level of motor skills correlates with the level of attention tested by the Test of attention d2. The final goal is to assess the degree of physical activity of rock and roll dancers using the accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X. We confirm the presence of motor difficulties of children with specific abnormalities, however we did not confirm...

Bibliographical identification Title of Bachelor work: The size and differences in physical activity in the weekly mode in adolescent soccer players on performance level Place of work: UK FTVS Author: Bc. Michal Hojdar Field of study: Physical education and sport Head of work: Mgr. Jakub Kokštejn, Ph.D. Defence year: 2015 Generalization: This thesis is focused on the analysis of physical activity weekly regimen of adolescent soccer players at performance level who practice regular physical activity. The primary objective is to determine the differences in the size of physical activities in the category of younger and older adolescents, and then compare the results obtained with each other and with health recommendations for these ages. Younger adolescents consist of U16 and U17 players in age from 15 to 17 years. Older adolescents include soccer players U19 aged between 17 and 19 years. Research is aimed to the players of football club FC MAS Táborsko. To determine the size and composition of physical activity was used accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X. Obtained data are processed in the program ActiLife Lifestyle Monitor Software. To ensure that the measured values are relevant and comparable, were used statistical methods of calculations, such as arithmetic mean and standard deviation. For clarity and ease of...

Des capteurs MEMS variés peuvent être fabriqués dans une technologie CMOS standard associée à une ou plusieurs étapes de gravure supplémentaires. Dans ce contexte, le micro-usinage du substrat par la face avant permet la fabrication de capteurs résistifs bas coût, basés sur des effets piezorésistifs ou thermiques, mais non optimaux en terme de bruit et de consommation. Cependant, au lieu d'envisager une optimisation technologique du procédé, ce travail s'est plutôt concentré sur le design du capteur et de son interface électronique afin d'améliorer les performances ci-dessus. L'objet de cette thèse est un accéléromètre convectif 3 axes basé sur une topologie initialement prévue pour des mesures suivant 2 axes, dans le plan de la puce, et utilisant une mesure de température différentielle. La mesure de l'accélération dans la direction perpendiculaire au plan de la puce, sans ajouter de structure supplémentaire, est donc étudiée ainsi que l'interface électronique associée. L'originalité de la mesure suivant ce 3ème axe réside dans la mesure de la température de mode commun de la structure existante. Cette étude est réalisée par l'intermédiaire de modélisations multi-physiques et électriques du capteur, de la conception et de la simulation de l'interface électronique et enfin de la caractérisation d'un prototype complet. / In the field of MEMS, various sensors can be manufactured using a standard CMOS technology and subsequent etching techniques. In this context, The Front-Side Bulk Micromachining (FSBM) approach allows the fabrication of low-cost resistive transducers based on either piezoresistive or thermal effects. Nevertheless, such fabrication method leads to non-optimized devices in terms of noise and power consumption. Instead of constraining fabrication technology, and in order to keep fabrication costs as low as possible, this work focuses on sensor design and electronic interfaces to address both issues. In this thesis, the device under study is a 3-axis CMOS thermal accelerometer. The sensor is based on a topology that was primarily introduced for 2-axis measurements only (in-plane acceleration, xy), using differential voltage across sensing thermistors. This work addresses the overall sensing performance by using dedicated front-end electronic and also investigates an opportunity to measure out-of-plane acceleration without the requirement of an additional device. The third axis (z) is provided by measuring a shift in the common-mode temperature, which is clearly an original approach. The study is carried out by means of both physical and electrical modeling of the transducer, electronic design and simulation, and prototype characterization.

La plupart des capteurs inertiels MEMS commerciaux comportent une masse d’épreuve et des moyens de transductions issus d’une même couche de silicium. Il en découle des compromis forts, notamment pour la détection capacitive : une couche épaisse permet d’augmenter la masse et donc de réduire le bruit brownien; inversement, une couche fine permet de réduire la taille des entrefers entre les électrodes, d’obtenir une variation de capacité plus importante, et donc de réduire la contribution du bruit électronique. Plusieurs composants MEMS multicouches ont déjà été réalisés et rapportés dans la littérature, mais aucun n’a cherché à augmenter la densité capacitive tout en réduisant le bruit thermomécanique. Pourtant, la disparition du compromis lié au procédé monocouche permet d’atteindre les hautes performances nécessaires aux applications émergeantes, en conservant la surface d’un capteur grand public.Cette thèse présente des accéléromètres multicouches à détection dans le plan et hors plan. Le procédé de fabrication combine une couche épaisse, dédiée à la réalisation de grandes masses d’épreuve, et une couche fine, permettant d’obtenir de fortes densités capacitives. Ces deux avantages, combinés à une détection par variation de surface, permettent d’obtenir une résolution de l’ordre du µg/rtHz, une grande gamme dynamique, tout en conservant une taille réduite. Le dimensionnement des capteurs a cherché à maximiser la gamme dynamique et minimiser le bruit en partant d’une taille fixée. D’abord analytique, il a été validé par des simulations par éléments finis.Le procédé de fabrication VLSI a été appliqué à des plaques 200mm. Plusieurs points critiques ont été rencontrés, notamment la surgravure des fonds de tranchée (notching). Combinée à la disparité de vitesse de gravure, elle a entrainé la destruction de beaucoup de capteurs hors plan. Ce problème a été résolu en amincissant la couche épaisse, entrainant une légère perte de performances.Les capteurs ont été caractérisés sur plaque (capacité statique, fréquence de résonance), puis au niveau puce (sensibilité, niveau de bruit, gamme dynamique). Ces dernières mesures ont nécessité le développement d’une électronique dédiée, à partir de composants discrets.Les accéléromètres dans le plan présentent une capacité statique et une fréquence de résonance très proches de la théorie. Ils atteignent une résolution de 8µg/rtHz pour une gamme dynamique de l’ordre de 160g. Cette dynamique de 145dB est fournie par un composant de seulement 0.24mm² ; elle est 100 fois plus élevée que la dynamique d’un composant grand public de même taille. De plus, la bande passante est importante et le capteur est lu en boucle ouverte.Les accéléromètres hors-plan présentent une forte fréquence de résonance, au-delà de 8kHz. La masse sismique plus fine, combinée à des ressorts plus larges, explique ce décalage par rapport au dimensionnement initial. Malgré la réduction de sensibilité induite, les capteurs présentent une résolution de 50 à 80µg/rtHz. L’encombrement est faible (jusqu’à 0.22mm²) et la gamme dynamique a été évaluée à plus de 200g. Dans le futur, des corrections de design et des améliorations dans le procédé de fabrication permettront d’utiliser l’épaisseur initialement prévue, afin d’harmoniser les performances avec celles de l’accéléromètre dans le plan et d’obtenir un accéléromètre 3-axes hautes performances.Ce type de capteurs pourrait jouer un grand rôle dans les applications émergentes en fournissant une bonne stabilité, un faible bruit et une grande gamme dynamique, tout en conservant l’empreinte d’un capteur grand-public.Ce nouveau procédé de fabrication montre donc déjà un gros potentiel à travers les premiers composants réalisés, mais ouvre également de nouvelles possibilités en termes de design. Dans le futur, il pourrait servir de plateforme technologique pour les capteurs inertiels, notamment les gyromètres, mais aussi pour les actionneurs, comme les micro-miroirs. / In the vast majority of commercial MEMS inertial sensors, both seismic mass and sensing elements are patterned in the same silicon layer. This sets stringent design trade-offs, in particular for a capacitive sensor: a large silicon thickness increases seismic mass and decreases the Brownian noise floor. A low silicon thickness on the other hand, allows smaller gaps between electrodes, higher capacitance variation and lower electrical noise floor. For this reason, several examples of multi-layer MEMS devices were presented in the past. Yet, increasing capacitance density while reducing mechanical noise floor has not been achieved so far. Breaking the single-layer trade-off could enable new emerging applications that require high-performance sensors within a consumer size.In this work, multi-layer, in-plane and out-of-plane accelerometer are presented. Thanks to the multi-layer process the devices can feature a thick layer for large inertial mass, as well as a thin layer for high capacitive density. These aspects, together with surface-variation detection, allow to obtain µg/√Hz resolution and large full-scale while keeping compact size.The sensors are designed through analytical modeling and finite elements method simulations in order to reach the highest dynamic range with the lowest noise at given footprint.Few critical aspects were encountered during the fabrication of the sensors, especially for out-of-plane accelerometers. The notching of the thick-layer etching coupled to the strong lag effect caused most of the z-axis sensors to fail. This forced a reduction of the process thickness and relative loss of performance for this type of sensors.The characterization of the sensors is performed both at wafer-level (static capacitance, resonance frequency) and at die level (scale factor, noise-floor, full-scale). The die-level measurements are carried out with a dedicated electronic circuit implemented with discrete components, developed during this work.In-plane accelerometers showed static capacitance and resonance frequency in line with theory. They achieved resolution smaller than 8 µg/rtHz and full scale in the order of 160g. These aspects together lead to a dynamic range of more than 145dB (BW=1Hz) for a device with a footprint of only 0.24 mm². This it more than 100 times larger than the DR of consumer device of similar size. These results are achieved while keeping a large bandwidth and working with an open-loop readout.Out-of-plane sensors showed resonance frequency higher than expected due to fabrication tolerances. The devices had both smaller mass and thicker springs explaining the observed mechanical behavior. Despite the loss of scale factor due to the larger resonance frequency, these sensors achieved resolution ranging from 50-80 µg/rtHz. Again, such performance was obtained while keeping large resonance frequency (>8 kHz), small footprint (down to 0.22 mm²) and a potential full-scale of more than 200g. In the future, design corrections and process improvement could lead to device with thicker inertial layer, aligning the performance of out-of-plane sensors to those of in-plane ones and leading to a high-performance 3-axis accelerometer.This type of sensor could address the demand of emerging applications for high-stability, low-noise and large DR accelerometers within consumer footprint.Finally, the proposed technology offers a fabrication platform for inertial MEMS sensors and actuators. New design possibilities and great potentialities have been demonstrated with the first fabricated accelerometers. In the future this new concept could be applied to several other types of MEMS, like gyroscope or micro-mirrors.

Vários tipos de sensores têm sido explorados na construção de mecanismos para capturar, por exemplo, movimentos dos olhos, da cabeça, ou do tórax do usuário. A construção de dispositivos de interação baseados em tais sensores demandam conhecimentos especializados. O trabalho aqui reportado teve como objetivo desenvolver uma arquitetura de componentes de hardware e software que fornece, como dados de entrada para aplicações computacionais, eventos capturados de sensores tais como os que detectam inclinação, rotação e aceleração. A pesquisa envolveu a concepção e a implementação de uma arquitetura em camadas que possui, em sua base, uma camada de hardware composta por um conjunto de sensores e circuitos apropriados que mensuram eventos físicos e, nas demais camadas, componentes de software que permitem associar uma semântica de dados de entrada para aplicações aos dados primitivos provenientes dos sensores e das camadas intermediárias. Como resultado, a arquitetura disponibiliza os dados dos sensores como eventos em alto nível, que podem ser associados a operações de interação usuário-computador típicas de um mouse, de um teclado ou de um joystick, por exemplo. A implementação de um dispositivo de interação baseado em sensores é facilitada, por um lado, pelo fato de o tratamento de erros associado ao uso de sensores poder ter sido realizado nas camadas inferiores e, por outro, pelo fato de os dados serem apresentados em um alto nível de abstração que não exige conhecimento específico sobre o uso do hardware associado. Como estudo de caso, criouse um dispositivo de interação que permite interações típicas de um mouse, e que pode ser usado por usuários tetraplégicos, que possuam controle fino dos movimentos da cabeça e ausência de deficiências visuais / Some types of sensors have been explored in the construction of mechanisms to capture, for example, movements of the eyes, the head, or the thorax of the user. The construction of devices of interaction based in such sensors demand specialized knowledge. The work reported here had as objective to develop an architecture of components of the hardware and software that it supplies, as given of entrance for computational applications, captured events of sensors such as the ones that detect inclination, rotation and acceleration. The research involved the conception and the implementation of a in layers architecture that it possesss, in its base, a composed layer of the hardware for a set of sensors and appropriate circuits that measure physical events and, in the too much layers, software components that allow to associate a semantics of data of entrance for applications to the primitive data proceeding from the sensors and the intermediate layers. As result, the architecture makes available the data of the sensors as events in high level, that can be associates the operations of typical interaction one user-computer mouse, of a keyboard or one joystick, for example. The implementation of a device of interaction based on sensors is facilitated, on the other hand, for the fact of the treatment of errors associated to the use of sensors to be able to have been carried through in inferior layers e, for another one, the fact of the data to be presented in one high level of abstraction that does not demand specific knowledge on the use of the associated hardware. As case study, an interaction device was created that allows typical interactions of one mouse, and that it can be used for tetraplegic users, who possess fine control of the movements of the head and absence of visual deficiencies

A demanda crescente por petróleo impulsiona a exploração marítima desta riqueza para águas cada vez mais profundas. O aumento da lâmina dágua exige novas soluções de engenharia principalmente no que se refere à operação de unidades flutuantes de produção. Dentre os desafios impostos pelos novos ambientes de prospecção, destaca-se o processo de ancoragem, neste texto explorado sob a ótica da chamada estaca-torpedo. Embora já tenha sido empregada com sucesso na ancoragem de risers e FPSOs, esta solução encontra-se em constante desenvolvimento, sendo a principal fonte de informação acerca dos lançamentos da estaca-torpedo proveniente de uma unidade de medição inercial (UMI). A presente pesquisa baseou-se no estudo desta UMI e teve como objetivos principais verificar seu desempenho e compreender a empregabilidade deste tipo de monitoração em operações submarinas de maneira mais ampla. Além do estudo detalhado dos sensores, foi dada especial atenção aos algoritmos empregados no tratamento dos sinais provenientes da UMI. Foram estudadas técnicas de correção do sinal, quantificação de ruído, desafios inerentes aos sistemas do tipo strapdown e o processo de integração. Como resultado final foi desenvolvido um algoritmo baseado em quatérnios, alternativo ao atualmente empregado para o processamento dos sinais provenientes da UMI que equipa a estaca-torpedo. / The increasing demand on crude oils constantly pushes the offshore exploitation to deeper waters. As the water depth grows, new engineering challenges arise, especially concerning to the operation of floating production units. Among all the technical issues inherent to the new prospection environment, the mooring system is a significant topic and the development of the torpedo-pile takes place at this scenario. This mooring system has already been successfully applied in anchoring risers and FPSOs; nevertheless, it is in constant study and improvement. The major source of information about the torpedo-pile deployment comes from an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The research presented here is based on this IMU and had as main objective verify its performance and also comprehend the applicability of such kind of unit in other subsea processes. Along with the detailed sensors study, it was given special attention to the algorithms used to process the signals from the IMU. Signal correction techniques and noise quantification were investigated as long as challenges intrinsically related to strapdown navigation systems and the integration process. In the end, an alternative data processing algorithm based on quaternions was produced, to be employed in torpedo-pile launching together with its IMU.

Introdução: A tolerância ao exercício e os níveis de atividade física tendem a ser reduzidos em pacientes com fibrose cística (FC). Estudos trazem que o nível de atividade física pode estar associado com melhor estado nutricional e com um maiordeclínio da função pulmonar. Com a evolução da doença,o declínio da função pulmonar associado a distúrbios metabólicos e desnutrição, provocam alterações na mecânica respiratória, distúrbios musculoesqueléticos e deformidades torácicas, trazendo prejuízos na qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre gravidade funcional pulmonar, nível de atividade física e variáveis de avaliação postural em adultos com FC. Secundariamente, verificar a correlação entre os parâmetros de atividade física observados pelo acelerômetro e pelo questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ) e, verificar a correlação entre os parâmetros de atividade física observados pelos dois instrumentos com a distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (DTC6M) e os parâmetros de avaliação postural.Métodos: Estudo de caráter transversal, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Para a verificação de parâmetros de função pulmonar foi utilizado o exame de espirometria, para a verificação do nível de atividade física foi utilizado o questionário IPAQ e um acelerômetro, para avaliação postural foi utilizada a fotogrametria com auxílio do Software de avaliação postural (SAPO) e, para comparações complementares foi utilizado o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M). Resultados: Participaram do estudo 28 indivíduos adultos com FC, idade média de 25,1 anos e VEF1 (%) com média de 47,1. O VEF1 se associou com os parâmetros obtidos pelo acelerômetro, avaliação postural e TC6M, porém, não houve associação com os dados obtidos pelo IPAQ. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que o declínio da função pulmonar dos pacientes adultos com FC está associado com maior cifose torácica, menor tempo em atividade física moderada e vigorosa e menor distância percorrida no TC6M. O acelerômetro demonstrou-se ser o melhor instrumento para avaliação da atividade física neste público. / Introduction: Exercise tolerance and levels of physical activity tend to be reduced in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Studies suggest that the level of physical activity may be associated with better nutritional status and with larger decline in lung function. With the evolution of the disease, the decline of lung function associated with metabolic disorders and malnutrition, causes alterations in respiratory mechanics, musculoskeletal disorders and thoracic deformities, bringing injury to the individual’s quality of life.Objective: To verify the association between pulmonary functional severity, physical activity level and postural evaluation variables in adults with CF. Secondly, to verify the correlation between the physical activity parameters observed by the accelerometer and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and to verify the correlation between the parameters of physical activity observed by the two instruments with the six-minute walking distance (6MWD) and the parameters of postural evaluation. Methods:Cross-sectional study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre.The spirometry test was used to verify pulmonary function parameters. The IPAQ questionnaire and an accelerometer were used to assess the level of physical activity, for postural evaluation the photogrammetry was used with the aid of the Postural Evaluation Software (SAPO) and, for further comparisons, the six-minute walk test (6MWT) was used. Results: 28 adult subjects with CF, mean age of 25.1 years and FEV1 (%) with a mean of 47.1 participated in the study. FEV1 was associated with the parameters obtained by the accelerometer, postural evaluation and 6MWT, but there was no association with the data obtained by IPAQ. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the decline in lung function in adult patients with CF is associated with higher thoracic kyphosis, shorter time in moderate and vigorous physical activity, and shorter distance walked on 6MWT. The accelerometer has been shown to be the best instrument for assessing physical activity in this public.

This present study was intended to identify the reliability and validity of the Vert™ device when compared to a Switch mat. Vert is a wireless device intended to measure jump count and jump height through an application on a smartphone or tablet and the Switch mat provides jump height using wireless sensors. Jump height is an important factor in many sports such as volleyball and basketball and it is important to have devices that coaches and trainers can use for testing that they can rely on. If this device is found to be valid and reliable, coaches and trainers could potentially use it in more practical settings such as practice and games due to the portability and small size. This study consisted of 6 subjects who volunteered. The switch mat was connected to the device to display the jump height immediately after the jump. The Vert sensor was clipped onto the subject’s hip near the center of mass and the jump count and height were then displayed on an app. The subjects completed a series of warm-ups followed by 3 sets of 5 repetition countermovement jumps while using both devices to collect the data. The total 15 jump heights from these 3 sets of 5 were then analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis as well as a paired sample T-test. The jump height recorded from the Vert was consistently about 10 cm off from the jump height of the switch mat, which for a volleyball player, could be the difference between blocking and missing the ball. The results of this study showed that the Vert device is reliable but not practically valid. If technical improvements were made to the device to correct the height components the device could potentially be used in place of a force plate or switch mat when conducting athlete testing but the device is not currently valid for practical use.

Childhood obesity and physical inactivity are serious threats to the health and wellness of our schoolchildren. Research has shown that play and physical activity are important in development, behaviour and academic achievement. Through the efforts of coordinated school health program and a Physical Education for Progress grant, a county school system in a southern state was able to construct multiple innovative playground systems at schools and combine them with various academic units in a cross-curricular effort to address the wellness needs of students. Exploratory research using pedometers, accelerometers and an observation method examined physical activity intensity levels during cross-curricular sessions. Results indicated that this type of physical activity might be a viable supplement to daily school-based physical activity needs.

<p>Rotundus AB är ett världsledande företag inom området för sfäriska robotar som håller på att utveckla den markbundna farkosten GroundBot(tm). För att detektera robotens translations- och rotationsrörelser används accelerometrar och hastighetsgyron. Dessutom används sensorerna för tröghetsnavigering när GPS-täckning saknas.</p><p>Målet med projektet innebär att ta fram en metod för att utvärdera precisionen hos sensorer för robotens tröghetsnavigeringsenhet. Metoden koncentrerar sig på fyra av sensorernas felkällor: Skalfaktor, bias, slumpvandring och biasinstabilitet.</p><p>För att beräkna skalfaktorn och biasen används linjära minsta kvadratmetoden där utsignalen från sensorn anpassas mot ett teoretiskt värde. Slumpvandringen och biasinstabiliteten utvärderas med Allans varians.</p>