Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexanders-Universität Erlangen, 1905. / Also issued in: Humboldt-Gymnasium Berlin. Wissenschaftliche Beilage zum Jahresbericht ; Programm nr. 61. Vita. Bibliography: p. [1].

Thesis--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. [130]-131).

[pt] Nietzsche e Heidegger delineiam os caminhos que se entrecortam dando origem ao nosso horizonte de questões: É ainda possível um pensamento que resista ao mesmo tempo à tentação de uma fundamentação absoluta, mas também ao furor desenfreado da maquinação calculadora? É ainda possível um pensamento que se coloque em condições de compreender e também de se posicionar criticamente tanto em relação aos fundamentalismos nostálgicos, quanto em relação à pura efetividade e produtividade que a tecnociência nos impõe? É possível, afinal, distanciar-se da metafísica tradicional sem recair na ingenuidade anti-metafísica de uma superação definitiva e segura? É ainda possível uma outra metafísica? Partindo desse universo inicial de questões procuramos apontar que a metafísica da vontade, ao menos tal como desenvolvida por Nietzsche e pela psicanálise, traz ao primeiro plano uma dimensão estranha à tradição metafísica ocidental: a dimensão pulsional, este terceiro historicamente excluído entre matéria e espírito, corpo e mente, unidade e multiplicidade, mesmidade e diferença, configurando uma outra metafísica nem redutível à metafísica tradicional, nem simplesmente antimetafísica. / [en] Nietzsche and Heidegger determinate the paths that intersect here giving birth to our horizon of questions: Is it possible a thought that resists the temptation of an absolute basis, but also to unbridled fury calculator machination? It is also possible that a thought is put in a position to understand and also to position itself critically in relation to both nostalgic fundamentalisms, and to pure effectiveness and productivity that technoscience imposes on us? It is possible, after all, to distance itself from traditional metaphysics without falling back into naivety anti-metaphysical definitive and safe overcome? Is it still possible to conceive any kind of other metaphysics? From this initial universe of questions we seek to point out that the metaphysics of the will, at least as developed by Nietzsche and psychoanalysis, brings to the fore a dimension strange to the Western metaphysical tradition: the instinctual dimension, this third historically excluded between matter and spirit, body and mind, unity and multiplicity, sameness and difference, setting another metaphysical not reducible to traditional metaphysics, nor simply anti-metaphysical.

[pt] A responsabilidade no sistema filosófico de Schopenhauer tem como objetivo tentar definir o conceito de responsabilidade seguindo um caminho a partir do qual apresentamos alguns usos deste conceito ao longo de textos por nós selecionados de Schopenhauer. Uma vez que a sua filosofia tem como estilo, como marca, uma relação íntima entre metafísica, teoria do conhecimento, estética e ética, pareceu-nos imprudente analisar a responsabilidade na ética ignorando os outros três temas, como por exemplo, as condições formais do conhecimento do sujeito, o princípio de razão suficiente, a lei da motivação, a crítica a um dever moral, a contemplação estética e a do asceta, os graus de objetivação e as Idéias. A questão do sofrimento, sem dúvida perpassa a obra de Schopenhauer, e esta dissertação também. A responsabilidade parece-nos estar diretamente ligada à dor: afirmar ou negar a vontade de viver. / [en] The main objective of Responsibility in the philosophical system of Schopenhauer is trying to define the concept of responsibility by presenting some of the uses of this concept in selected texts by Schopenhauer. Since the his philosophy`s style and defining character is the relationship between metaphysics, theory of knowledge, aesthetics and ethic, we find it imprudent to analyze responsibility based solely on ethics and leaving aside the other three themes such as the formal conditions of the subject`s knowledge, the principle of sufficient reason, the law of motivation, the criticism of moral duty, aesthetics and ascetic contemplation, objectification degrees and Ideas. There is no doubt that the issue of suffering permeates all the works by Schopenhauer, and the same is true of this dissertation. Responsibility seems to us to be directly related to pain, affirming or denying the will to live.

[pt] O objetivo da dissertação é caracterizar o pensamento a partir da exigência de uma consideração da estética, isto é, do mundo sensível, no contexto de esgotamento da compreensão metafísica que a opunha ao supra-sensível. Em outras palavras, trata-se de formular a questão sobre o acesso do pensamento à realidade sem recorrer aos parâmetros transcendentes tradicionais que, embora garantissem orientação, também submetiam o mundo sensível a regras prévias estranhas a ele. No contexto do pensamento moderno, essa possibilidade ganhou corpo, talvez pela primeira vez, na reflexão de Kant sobre o belo. Nela, a experiência estética tornou-se livre dos interesses cognitivos ou morais que a submetiam a um regime conceitual ou racional. Isso significou a abertura para uma maneira desinteressada de pensar, a partir da qual não mais se pergunta a verdade sobre uma coisa, mas sim a verdade da coisa. Ou seja, ao invés de subsumir um particular a uma regra universal prévia, o pensamento desinteressado precisa achar a universalidade daquele particular na sua singularidade, precisa achar a verdade que mora na coisa, e não fora dela. Sob a égide dessa questão, buscou-se detalhar a interpretação do desinteresse, o que levou não só ao exame de sua presença no pensamento de Kant, mas também no de Schopenhauer e Nietzsche, além de referências a autores contemporâneos, explícitas e implícitas, especialmente Martin Heidegger, Walter Benjamin e Hannah Arendt. / [en] The objective in this dissertation is to characterize thought from the requirement of a consideration of aesthetic, that is, of the sensible world, in the context of exhaustion of the Metaphysical understanding that opposed it to the non-sensible. In other words, it intends to formulate the question of the access of thought to reality without resorting to traditional transcendental parameters that, while providing orientation, also subjugated the sensible world to previous rules alien to it. In the context of modern thought, this possibility took form, perhaps for the first time, in the reflections of Kant on beauty. In it, the aesthetic experience was freeed from the cognitives or moral interests that submitted it to conceptual or rational constraints. This meant opening the way for a disinterested approach to thinking, in which one does not ask the truth about a thing, but the truth of the thing. Instead of subordinating the particular to a previous universal rule, disinterested thought seeks to find the universality of that particular in its own singularity. It needs to find the truth that dwells within the thing, and does not stand outside of it. Against the background of this question, this dissertation details the interpretation of disinterestedness, that not only led to the examination of its position in the thought of Kant, but also in that of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, in addition to the references, explicit and implicit, to contemporary authors, especially Martin Heidegger, Walter Benjamin and Hannah Arendt.

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The subject of this thesis is the ethics of German 19th century philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. The study examines Schopenhauer’s ethics and investigates his criticism of the ethics of his older German colleague Immanuel Kant. By arguing that all true morally acceptable and good actions originate from compassion, Schopenhauer distinguishes his view from the deontological ethics held by Kant. The study focuses on Schopenhauer’s view on the basis of morals. Its purpose is to consider an ethical perspective that interconnect moral considerations with human empathy. By comparing the arguments presented by these two philosophers one can get a clearer view of the extent to which Schopenhauer’s criticism of Kant’s ethics is justified. In the analysis, five major parts of Schopenhauer’s criticism are identified and studied one by one. The findings suggest that Schopenhauer’s ethics and the ethics of Kant can be represented as two different ethical paradigms.

7 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to clear up the role of human in Schopenhauer's philosophical thinking. This goal could have been achieved only by clarifying the world's metaphysical substance. This substance proved to be the cruel will that manifests itself through the platonic ideas. It was shown that each human being is part of this eternal substance. Intellect, as explained in the thesis, is primarily mere instrument of the will designed to deliver motives. For this reason, the majority of people in different ways continually keep satisfying thein needs, therefore almost everyone enjoys the opinion of will affirmation. People constantly succumb to disilusion, which proved to be egoism. Therefore, what appears to be the greatest good for most of us is actually only good for the evil substance. Blind will plays with us so fraudulent and truly perverse game that most of us can never win. However, I have pointed out that there were some individuals who had been endowed by excessively developed intellect power. Only this paradoxically almost unnaturally developed power of intellect can lead to knowledge that the blind will in its game with people plays unfairly. I also presented three groups of people who are capable of that kind of knowledge. The first group are genius people who can plunge into a...

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-12-22T14:47:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3952698 bytes, checksum: f54753dd1c6cca9dc04122e71944b318 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T14:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3952698 bytes, checksum: f54753dd1c6cca9dc04122e71944b318 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / It is presented an enlargement of the notion field of information representation in the context of Information Science, bringing the trace of epistemic trajectory, from Classical Antiquity and its western linear thought, passing by its heritages, until the perceived connections between Information Science and the thought of Arthur Schopenhauer. The thesis that it would be found such resource to the bases of this enlargement in the thought of Schopenhauer, which defends the comparison and reflection between the philosophic aspects of the thought of the author and the theoretical bases of Information Representation in the ambit of Information Science, in Brazil, it indicated, from the reflections and arguments enrolled, that there are relevant elements in the thought of Schopenhauer, in which there are points of theoretical convergence that can ground these debates in the ambit of Information Science, mainly in the Theory of Knowledge developed by Schopenhauer, especially in its notion of conceptual spheres. / Apresenta-se um alargamento do campo nocional da representação da informação no contexto da Ciência da Informação, trazendo-se o traço do caminhar epistêmico, desde a antiguidade clássica e seu pensamento ocidental linear, passando por suas heranças, até as conexões percebidas entre a Ciência da Informação e o pensamento de Arthur Schopenhauer. A tese de que seria encontrado tal recurso para as bases desse alargamento no pensamento de Schopenhauer, e que defende o cotejamento e reflexão entre os aspectos filosóficos do pensamento do autor e as bases teóricas da representação da informação no seio da Ciência da Informação, no Brasil, indicou, diante das reflexões e argumentos arrolados, que existem relevantes elementos no pensamento schopenhaueriano, nos quais há pontos de convergência teórica e que podem fundamentar estes debates no âmbito da Ciência da Informação, sobretudo em sua Teoria do Conhecimento, especialmente na sua noção de esferas conceituais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivna 2014docx.pdf: 727686 bytes, checksum: a425a1fcb71cc2b58960eb09fefef5d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research conducts a study about evil based on the book Quincas Borba, by Machado de Assis, under the theological and philosophical viewpoint as the subject has raised several questions in both fields of knowledge. At one time, we intend to indicate that it is possible that a literary work may inspire a theological and philosophical thought without being necessary to prove the religious faith or to unveil a philosophical theory established by the writer. For that purpose, we suggest as authors the theologians Andrés Torres Queiruga, Juan Antonio Estrada, and Ivone Gebara, as well as the philosophers Paul Ric ur, Blaise Pascal and Arthur Schopenhauer. At the same time, we emphasize the Book of Ecclesiastes, of which the carioca writer was a constant reader. Therefore we aim at highlighting and understanding more deeply in the above mentioned book the presence of evil in its most varied aspects in human relations. / A presente pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre o mal a partir da leitura da obra Quincas Borba, de Machado de Assis, tendo como referência um viés da teologia e da filosofia uma vez que este problema historicamente suscitou questionamentos em ambos os campos do conhecimento. Concomitantemente, pretendemos apontar para a possibilidade de uma obra literária fazer surgir uma reflexão teológica e filosófica, sem contanto, ser necessário provar a religiosidade do escritor ou desvelar uma doutrina filosófica criada pelo mesmo. Para tanto, propomos como autores de base os teólogos Andrés Torres Queiruga, Juan Antonio Estrada, e a teóloga Ivone Gebara, e os filósofos Paul Ric ur, Blaise Pascal e Arthur Schopenhauer. Ao mesmo tempo, damos uma relevância ao livro do Eclesiastes, do qual o escritor carioca era leitor assíduo. Com isso, pretendemos evidenciar e compreender mais profundamente na já mencionada obra machadiana a presença do mal em suas mais facetadas manifestações nas relações humanas.