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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Behaviorální finance - implikace pro investory / Behavioral finance - implications for investors

Stupavský, Michal January 2010 (has links)
Degree thesis deals with behavioral finance with a focus on behavior and psychology of an individual investor. The first part is devoted to the prospect theory that is a descriptive model of behavior of economic agents under the conditions of uncertainty and stands in a stark contrast with the traditional normative expected utility theory. The second part is devoted to the group of behavioral biases that are distortions of human thinking and judgment documented by cognitive psychology. These biases are difficult to eliminate and lead to a biased perception, inaccurate judgments and illogical interpretations. The third and final part is devoted to a questionnaire survey whose goal was to find out whether financial market participants behave according to the axioms of the expected utility theory or whether they systemically deviate from the axioms of this normative theory. The second goal of the survey was to confirm or disprove inferences of academic studies about existence of behavioral biases.
52

[en] FINANCIAL BEHAVIOURS: AN APPLICATION OF THE PROSPECT THEORY IN DECISION-MAKING BY INVESTORS IN BRAZIL / [pt] FINANÇAS COMPORTAMENTAIS: UMA APLICAÇÃO DA TEORIA DO PROSPECTO NA TOMADA DE DECISÃO DE INVESTIDORES NO BRASIL

FLAVIA MONTARROYOS CORTES 10 March 2009 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho tem o objetivo de aplicar os conceitos das Finanças Comportamentais (FC) através da Teoria do Prospecto na tomada de decisões de investidores no Brasil. Os primeiros estudos publicados sobre o tema são datados de 1979, feitos por Daniel Kahneman e Amos Tversky. As Finanças comportamentais surgem para contestar a Hipótese dos Mercados Eficientes (HME), na qual os investidores são completamente racionais e que, no processo de tomada de decisão, são capazes de analisar a totalidade dos dados disponí­veis e que todos os agentes do mercado possuem o mesmo número de informações. Este novo modelo incorpora aspectos da psicologia e da sociologia na busca de uma maior compreensão do processo decisório no mercado financeiro. O presente estudo replicou o questionário do artigo seminal de Kahneman e Tversky (1979) em 40 pessoas que trabalham ou já trabalharam no mercado financeiro. Para análise destes dados foram realizadas comparações com os resultados encontrados por Kahneman e Tversky (1979), Cruz, Kimura e Krauter (2003) e Rogers, Securato, Ribeiro e Araújo (2007). A amostra estudada indica que os decisores tendem a serem avessos ao risco no campo dos ganhos e propensos aos riscos no campo das perdas. / [en] The present study aims to apply the concepts of Behavioral Finance (BF) using the Prospect Theory in decision-making by investors in Brazil. The first published studies on the topic are from 1979, by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. The Behavioral Finance emerged to contest the Efficient Capital Market (EFM) Theory, where investors are thought to act rationally in the process of decision-making, taking into account all available data, and financial agents share the same information. This new model intertwines psychological and sociological aspects seeking a greater understanding in financial decision-making. The present study applied the same questionnaire used by Kahneman & Tversky (1979) in their seminal paper to 40 subjects, working on or retired from the financial market. In the data analysis, results were compared to those of Kahneman & Tversky (1979); Cruz, Kimura & Krauter (2003); and Rogers, Securato, Ribeiro & Araújo (2007). From our analysis we find that investors run from taking risks while generating gains and are prone to assume those risks while losing capital.
53

[en] BEHAVIORAL FINANCE: NAIVE DIVERSIFICATION IN DEFINED CONTRIBUTION SAVINGS PLANS IN BRAZIL / [pt] FINANÇAS COMPORTAMENTAIS: DIVERSIFICAÇÃO INGÊNUA EM PLANOS DE PREVIDÊNCIA DE CONTRIBUIÇÃO DEFINIDA NO BRASIL

BERNARDO QUEIMA ALVES DOS SANTOS 28 February 2008 (has links)
[pt] Os estudos realizados no campo das finanças comportamentais demonstram que as decisões financeiras dos indivíduos não são elaboradas num contexto plenamente racional. Esta afirmação diverge dos modelos clássicos financeiros que utilizam a premissa de um agente econômico plenamente racional, o qual toma suas decisões de acordo com a curva de utilidade, buscando maximizar seu bem estar. Finanças comportamentais incorporam psicologia e sociologia para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o processo decisório dos indivíduos. Diversos trabalhos realizados neste campo de pesquisa evidenciam que as decisões financeiras também são construídas por agentes que possuem: otimismo demasiado, excesso de autoconfiança, aversão à perda e outros vieses comportamentais enraizados em nossa cultura. As grandes mudanças demográficas ocorridas nos últimos anos, destaque para a ampliação da expectativa de vida dos indivíduos, tem exercido uma enorme pressão sobre as estruturas previdenciárias. A principal tendência mundial para responder a estas mudanças demográficas tem sido a alteração de planos de beneficio definido para planos de contribuição definida. Esta modificação tem resultado num incremento de responsabilidade aos participantes, e uma das principais obrigações é a decisão de alocação dos seus investimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho é pesquisar os aspectos comportamentais destes indivíduos na tarefa de escolher os seus investimentos. A ocorrência de uma diversificação ingênua dos investimentos em previdência pode significar sérias dificuldades na aposentadoria dos participantes. Para verificar a ocorrência da diversificação ingênua na escolha de um plano de previdência foram encaminhados quatro questionários para grupos de indivíduos. Os testes realizados sobre as respostas evidenciaram a ocorrência de diversificação ingênua e também a utilização da estratégia 1/n, que significa a divisão dos investimentos em partes parecidas de acordo com o número de opções disponíveis. / [en] Behavioral finance researches indicate that individual financial decisions are not made based on a completely rational context. This assumption disagrees from the classical economic models that believe in a rational financial agent, which takes its decisions according to the utility curve to maximize its wealth. Behavioral finance incorporates psychology and sociology to better understand the individual process of decision. Different studies done in this field of research became evident that these kinds of decision are built up by agents that have excessively optimism, high self-confidence, aversion to losses and other aspects that are deep-rooted in our culture. Huge demographic changes in the past few years, specially the increase in life expectancy, impacted the pension plan structures. The main global trend to address these changes has been the movement to migrate from the defined benefit saving plans to defined contribution saving plans. As a result of this trend, we can observe an increase in the participants` responsibilities, with emphasis to the decision about the asset allocation. The objective of this research is to analyze the behavioral aspects of the individuals related to the task of asset allocation. The occurrence of a naïve diversification of investments in defined contribution saving plans can hardly affect the individual retirement. To verify this assumption, four different questionnaires were sent to different groups of individuals. Post Tests were ran to evince the occurrence of a naïve diversification of investments, as well as the use of 1/n strategy - divide savings in similar parts according to the amount of available options of investments.
54

Homo investor : um ensaio sobre a concepção de racionalidade dos agentes em teorias de investimento

Marks, Larisse 05 June 2017 (has links)
Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-08-01T15:45:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Larisse Marks_.pdf: 481719 bytes, checksum: 366e532986d2f832cc60a6d0418acc24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T15:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Larisse Marks_.pdf: 481719 bytes, checksum: 366e532986d2f832cc60a6d0418acc24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-05 / Nenhuma / Diante da importância do investimento para o crescimento da Economia e de sua frequente presença na vida dos agentes econômicos, diversas concepções teóricas dedicam-se ao entendimento da tomada de decisão. Contudo, não há uma conformidade sobre as explicações dos modelos de investimento e do real processo decisório, assim como não há no tocante ao postulado de racionalidade empregado. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar qual ou quais percepções de racionalidade respaldam a teoria de investimento de Fisher, de Keynes, das teorias derivadas do modelo keynesiano (Pós-keynesiana, Neokeynesiana e Nova Economia Keynesiana), de Kalecki e nas Finanças Comportamentais. Para tanto, há uma discussão crítica sobre a compreensão de investimento ao longo da história econômica, apreciando exclusivamente os conteúdos pertinentes a racionalidade. Um dos principais resultados deste estudo foi a constatação de que as teorias que rejeitam a concepção de um ser completamente racional não adotam a ideia um indivíduo inteiramente irracional; a sua discordância é relativa ao grau de racionalidade empregado nos modelos. / Given the importance of investment for growth of the Economy and it’s continuing presence in the lives of economic agents, several theoretical conceptions are dedicated to the understanding of decision-making. However, there is no agreement on the explanations of the investment models and the real decision-making process, just as there is no agreement in the postulate of rationality too. The purpose of this study is to identify which perceptions of rationality support the investment theories of Fisher, Keynes, theories derived from Keynes (Post-Keynesian, Neo Keynesian and New Keynesian), Kalecki and Behavioral Finance, through a dialectical discussion about the understanding of investment throughout economic history, by assessing exclusively the contents pertinent to rationality. One of the main results of this study is that theories that reject the conception of a completely rational being do not adopt the idea of a totally irrational individual; their disagreement is relative to the degree of rationality employed in the models.
55

Um modelo fuzzy comportamental para análise de sobre-reação e sub-reação no mercado de ações. / Sem título

Aguiar, Renato Aparecido 12 November 2007 (has links)
Neste trabalho é proposto um novo modelo para análise empírica de sobre-reação e sub-reação no mercado de ações. O modelo proposto é baseado em uma técnica de classificação de padrão fuzzy, que permite estabelecer uma relação com as heurísticas de representatividade e ancoramento, oriundas da teoria de finanças comportamentais. O modelo é usado para classificar ações com base nos índices financeiros de companhias abertas. Resultados numéricos ilustram o procedimento de análise para ações do setor de petróleo/petroquímica e do setor têxtil do mercado brasileiro, com indicadores financeiros relativos ao período de 1994 a 2005. / In this work a new model for empirical analysis of stock market overreaction and underreaction is proposed. Such model is based on a fuzzy pattern classification technique, which is strongly connected to the representativeness and anchoring heuristics from behavioral finance. The proposed model is used for stock classification by exploring financial ratios of public companies. Numerical results illustrate the analysis procedure in the cases of the petroleum/petrochemical and textile stocks from the Brazilian market, with financial ratios ranging from 1994 to 2005.
56

Impact des chocs exogènes sur les marchés financiers : Approche empirique et expérimentale / Impact of exogeneous shocks on the financial markets : Empirical and experimental approach

Bousselmi, Wael 16 November 2018 (has links)
Ce travail de recherche s’évertue à mieux comprendre les effets d’un ou plusieurs chocs exogènes dans un marché financier. Plus précisément, nous tentons d’étudier l’impact d’un choc informationnel sur les comportements des prix des actifs, les bulles spéculatives, la volatilité des prix, le volume de transactions et les prévisions des analystes. Ainsi, pour ce faire,nous décomposons la problématique en trois articles. Le premier article présente une analyse empirique qui teste les effets d’un choc exogène attendu - l’annonce du Brexit - sur la performance à court terme et à long terme des entreprises britanniques et européennes cotées en bourse. Nos résultats montrent que l’annonce du Brexit impacte négativement la performance à long terme des firmes britanniques et des firmes européennes puisque celles-ci font la plupart de leurs activités commerciales avec la zone britannique. Dans le deuxième essai,nous testons les effets d’un choc exogène attendu et inattendu de la valeur fondamentale dans un marché expérimental. Nos résultats montrent que les chocs ont un effet négatif sur la déviation des prix par rapport à la valeur fondamentale et un effet positif sur l’hétérogénéité des croyances quel que soit le type de choc, attendu ou inattendu, et quelle que soit sa direction,à la hausse ou à la baisse. Le troisième article se concentre sur les effets de multiples chocs inattendus dans un marché expérimental. Nos principaux résultats sont les suivants : les multiples chocs à la baisse réduisent le volume de transactions et la volatilité des prix tandis que les multiples chocs à la hausse n’ont pas d’effet sur le volume de transactions et augmentent la volatilité des prix. Enfin, nous observons, seulement dans les marchés sans chocs, un lien positif entre le volume de transactions et l’hétérogénéité des croyances. / This thesis investigates the effects of one or multiples exogeneous shocks in stock market. More precisely, we are interested in the impact of a news shock on the behaviour of stock prices,bubbles, price volatility, transactions volume and analyst’s forecasts. To tackle this question,we depicted the subject in three axes. The first essay presents an empirical analysis that tests the effects of an expected shock - the Brexit vote announcement - on the long-run market performance of British listed firms and European listed firms. Our results show that the Brexit announcement affected negatively the long-run market performance over a 12 months’ horizon of UK firms in any of their business activities and European non-British firms having most oftheir business activities within the British area. In the second paper, we investigate experimentally the effects of expected and unexpected shock on an asset’s fundamental value.Our findings show that shocks have a negative effect on the price deviation from the fundamental value and a positive effect on the differences of opinion regardless of the type ofshocks - expected or unexpected - and regardless of the direction - upward or downward. The third paper focuses on the effects of unexpected multiple shocks in an experimental market.Our main findings are as follows: Multiple downward shocks reduce transactions volume andprice volatility, while multiple upward shocks have no effect on trading volume and increase price volatility. Finally, we observe, only in markets without shocks, a positive link between the volume of transactions and the differences of opinion.
57

Behavioral Finance - Prospect Theory a vliv typu vysokoškolského vzdělání na čtyřdílné chování / Behavioral Finance - Prospect Theory and impact of type of college education on the four-fold pattern

Karamonová, Petra January 2011 (has links)
Thesis deals with Prospect Theory and with its findings when making decisions under risk which is called four-fold pattern. In theoretical part is shortly mentioned the field of Behavioral finance and further described original Prospect Theory and also its modified version called Cumulative Prospect Theory. The main goal of the practical part is to confirm on the basis of questionnaire between different kinds of college graduates the four-fold pattern, identify between 3 segments differences and make the final conclusion whether the type of college education has an impact on four-fold pattern.
58

Tomada de decisão, heurísticas e vieses na análise das demonstrações contábeis / Decision making, Heuristics and biases in financial dtatement analysis

Roberto Bomgiovani Cazzari 22 December 2016 (has links)
Essa tese foi desenvolvida com vistas a responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa:as heurísticas e os vieses influenciam o processo decisório dos indivíduos quando confrontados com demonstrações financeiras e contábeis publicadas pelas empresas? Baseando-se na Prospect Theory de Kahneman e Tversky, buscou-se verificar como as heurísticas da ancoragem, representatividade e disponibilidade geravam vieses e influenciavam o modo como os usuários tomam suas decisões utilizando informações de cunho contábil e financeiro. Para tanto, foram submetidos questionários contendo situações de decisão junto aos estudantes de graduação da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade de São Paulo e aos analistas profissionais de uma grande instituição financeira brasileira. 369 estudantes e 55 analistas responderam o questionário proposto. Para evitar com que os resultados pudessem não ser confiáveis, nenhum dos respondentes sabiam que o questionário buscava identificar vieses no processo de tomada de decisão. Para os colaboradores, foi exposto que a pesquisa versava sobre o processo de tomada de decisão com base na divulgação de informações contábeis e financeiras, sem fazer qualquer menção ao estudo das finanças comportamentais ou vieses. Os resultados obtidos divergiram quando foram comparados os dois públicos estudados nessa tese: analistas de mercado de capitais e estudantes de uma das melhores faculdades de negócio do Brasil. Os resultados sugeriram que o uso da heurística da ancoragem não se mostrou significativa nem para os analistas e nem para os estudantes. Entretanto, o uso da heurística da disponibilidade se mostrou estatisticamente significativa, assim como a presença da noção de correlação ilusória e o efeito isolamento. Por sua vez, o efeito reflexão e a não observação da regressão à média foram percebidos somente na amostra composta pelos analistas profissionais da instituição financeira. Finalmente, o uso da heurística da representatividade só teve efeito estatístico na presença dos alunos. / This thesis has been developed in order to answer the following research problem: the heuristics and biases influence the decision-making process of individuals when faced with financial and accounting statements published by the companies? Based on the Prospect Theory of Kahneman and Tversky, this research sought to determine how the heuristics of anchoring and adjustment, representativeness and availability generated biases and influenced how users make decisions using accounting and financial nature information. To this end, questionnaires containing decision situations were submitted to undergraduate students of the School of Economics, Business and Accounting of the University of São Paulo and the professional analysts of a large Brazilian financial institution. 369 students and 55 analysts answered the proposed questionnaire. To avoid that the results could not be trusted, none of the respondents knew that the questionnaire sought to identify biases in the decision-making process. It was explained that the survey questionnaire was about the decision-making process based on the disclosure of accounting and financial information, without making any mention of the study of behavioral biases. The results diverged when both public studied were compared in this thesis: capital market analysts and students of one of the best business schools in Brazil. The results suggested that the use of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic was not significant neither for the analysts and neither for the students. However, the use of the availability heuristic was statistically significant, as the presence of the concept of illusory correlation and the isolation effect. In turn, the reflection effect and no observation of regression to the mean were perceived only in the sample of the professional analysts of the financial institution. Finally, the use of the representativeness heuristic only had statistical effect in the student\'s sample.
59

Ger puck och boll börsen mer än noll? : - en kvantitativ studie av sportevent i Sverige

Littzell, Tom, Kivijärvi, Johannes January 2019 (has links)
Denna uppsats undersöker om svenska investerares sentiment påverkas av resultatet i mästerskapsmatcher spelade av herrlandslagen i ishockey och fotboll. Genom att utföra en eventstudie under perioden 1988 till 2018 där den abnorma avkastningen på den svenska börsen observeras efter att en match spelats går det att se hur Sveriges aktiemarknad reagerar på olika resultat. Tidigare forskning på internationell nivå finner samband mellan den inhemska aktiemarknadens utveckling och landslags sportsliga framgång. Studiens utgångspunkt är att marknaden är effektiv på lång sikt men kan uppvisa irrationellt beteende som förklaras av investerares psykologiska fallgropar. Resultaten i uppsatsen går emot tidigare forskning på området, förluster följs av positiv avkastning och vinster av negativ avkastning. Inga resultat i studien är signifikanta vilket leder till att marknadens anses vara rationell och nyttomaximerande i enlighet med effektiva marknadshypotesen. Avsaknaden av signifikanta resultat kan bero på ett flertal olika saker, som exempelvis lågt urval av studerade matcher, låg grad av patriotiska värderingar i Sverige, liten emotionell anknytning till sportevent eller en stor andel utländska investerare.
60

The impact of psychological biases on accounting choices: from evidence of managerial sentiment and asymmetric timely loss recognition

Nguyen, Nhat (Nate) Q 01 August 2019 (has links)
Psychological biases in the form of sentiment can affect various economic decisions including accounting choices. Broadly defined, the term sentiment refers to unjustified beliefs about the future cash flow prospects of the firm (Baker and Wurgler 2006). Asymmetric timely loss recognition (ATLR) is particularly prone to managerial sentiment because the decision to recognize economic gains and losses is based, in part, on managers’ beliefs about the likelihood of future economic events affecting the firms. In this study, I examine the effect of psychological biases about future performance on current accounting choices via the effect of market-level managerial sentiment on ATLR. I find that ATLR decreases with managerial sentiment and that periods of high managerial sentiment are associated with lower concurrent write-offs but higher subsequent write-offs. This study enhances the implications of sentiment on firms’ accounting choices by identifying a time-varying macroeconomic determinant of ATLR that is based on psychological biases about future performance.

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