Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 308-322.

A resina bulk fill vem ampliando as indicações dos compósitos na qual permite a inserção em incrementos com espessura de até 5mm. A interface adesiva é a principal responsável pela durabilidade de restaurações estéticas. Objetivo: Avaliar a integridade da interface dente/restauração, e a resistência adesiva da dentina após a ciclagem mecânica de dentes restaurados com a resina bulk fill. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados 40 prémolares superiores birradiculares que receberam um preparo MOD com término cervical mesial em esmalte e o término distal em dentina e foram divididos em 2 grupos: 1 incremento de resina e 2 incrementos de resina, e, dois subgrupos: com e sem ciclagem mecânica (n=10). Em seguida, os espécimes foram restaurados, analisados inicialmente em microscopia confocal a laser e posteriormente levados para ciclagem mecânica onde foram realizados 300.000 ciclos na frequência de 1Hz e carga de 80N. Após a ciclagem mecânica, os espécimes foram novamente avaliados em microscopia confocal a laser para avaliação da qualidade da interface, e foi realizado o teste de microtração na dentina das paredes proximais e pulpar dos dentes com ciclagem e sem ciclagem. Posteriormente, foi realizada a análise do padrão de fratura em microscopia confocal a laser. Os valores obtidos na mensuração de gaps foram analisados estatisticamente através da ANOVA seguido de Holm-Sidak; e os valores obtidos na microtração foram analisados estatisticamente através da ANOVA seguido de Tukey. Resultados: Observou-se que o fator incremento promoveu diferença estatística significante tanto em esmalte como em dentina antes e após a ciclagem (p<0,05). A ciclagem promoveu fendas tanto para esmalte como para dentina (p<0,05). Para resistência adesiva não foi observada diferença entre os grupos de 1 e 2 incrementos antes e após a ciclagem (p>0,05), nem na dentina em suas diferentes porções ao comparar os incrementos (p>0,05), mas foi possível observar diferença significante antes e após a ciclagem nas diferentes regiões de dentina (p<0,05). Conclusão: Previamente à ciclagem mecânica, o fator incremento não afetou a interface, a resistência adesiva e os términos cervicais proximais. Posteriormente à ciclagem, a qualidade da interface foi afetada negativamente, o término cervical em dentina apresentou fendas maiores, mas a resistência adesiva se manteve. A ciclagem mecânica influenciou o aumento da quantidade de gaps e trincas e prejudicou a adesão, principalmente na dentina da região distal. / The bulk fill resin extended the composites indications in which it allows the insertion in increments with thickness of up to 5mm. The adhesive interface is the main responsible for the durability of aesthetic restorations. Objective: To evaluate the integrity of the tooth/ restoration interface and dentin adhesive resistance after mechanical cycling of restored teeth with bulk fill resin. Materials and Methods: 40 upper biradicular premolars were selected for the study and received a MOD preparation with mesial cervical terminus in enamel and the distal cervical terminus in dentin and were divided into 2 groups: resin in 1 increment and resin in 2 increments, and 2 subgroups: with and without mechanical cycling (n = 10). Afterwards, the specimens were restored, initially analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and submitted to mechanical cycling with 300,000 cycles, 1Hz frequency and 80N load. After the mechanical cycling, the specimens were evaluated again in confocal laser scanning microscopy to evaluate the interface quality, and microtensile test was performed on the dentin of the proximal walls and pulp of the teeth cycled or not. Later, the analysis of the fracture pattern was performed in confocal laser scanning microscopy. The values obtained in the measurement of gaps were analyzed by ANOVA following test Holm-Sidak and microtensile were analyzed by ANOVA following test Tukey. Results: The increment factor promoted a significant statistically difference for enamel (p <0.05) and dentin (p <0.05) after cycling. The cycling promoted significant cracks for enamel (p <0.05) and dentin (p <0.05). No difference in adhesive resistance was observed between the groups of resin in 1 and 2 increments, before and after cycling. There was no difference in dentin adhesive resistance in the different portions when the increments were compared, but it was possible to observe a significant difference (p <0.05) in the different regions of dentin (p <0.05). Conclusion: Previously to mechanical cycling, the increment factor did not affect the interface, the adhesive resistance and proximal cervical terminus. After the cycling, the interface quality was adversely affected, the cervical terminus in dentin presented higher cracks, but the adhesive resistance remained. Mechanical cycling influenced in the increase of gaps and cracks number and impaired the adhesion, mainly in the dentin of the distal region.

abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as a potential ingredient for grain boundary passivation of multicrystalline silicon. Sulfur is already established as a good surface passivation material for crystalline silicon (c-Si). Sulfur can be used both from solution and hydrogen sulfide gas. For multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells, increasing efficiency is a major challenge because passivation of mc-Si wafers is more difficult due to its randomly orientated crystal grains and the principal source of recombination is contributed by the defects in the bulk of the wafer and surface. In this work, a new technique for grain boundary passivation for multicrystalline silicon using hydrogen sulfide has been developed which is accompanied by a compatible Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) surface passivation. Minority carrier lifetime measurement of the passivated samples has been performed and the analysis shows that success has been achieved in terms of passivation and compared to already existing hydrogen passivation, hydrogen sulfide passivation is actually better. Also the surface passivation by Al2O3 helps to increase the lifetime even more after post-annealing and this helps to attain stability for the bulk passivated samples. Minority carrier lifetime is directly related to the internal quantum efficiency of solar cells. Incorporation of this technique in making mc-Si solar cells is supposed to result in higher efficiency cells. Additional research is required in this field for the use of this technique in commercial solar cells. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2014

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-06-25T18:13:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Lyvia Karla Cerci Ferreira Bertacchini.pdf: 1676300 bytes, checksum: a3dc364eb9c66a1393c6417ee5dfd749 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T18:13:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Lyvia Karla Cerci Ferreira Bertacchini.pdf: 1676300 bytes, checksum: a3dc364eb9c66a1393c6417ee5dfd749 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-10 / Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Estado do Paraná (FA) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this research was to compare the behavior of different thicknesses of bulk fill composite resins by analyzing the microhardness at the top and bottom of specimens (SP), the effect of aging with acid solution (ethanol / water) and fluorescence evaluation. 135 SP were fabricated with thicknesses of 2, 3 and 4 mm subdivided into 5 groups (n = 27): Z35; Aura; Tetric; SureFil; Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF). Each SP was photoactivated by LED light for 20 seconds. The microhardness test was performed after 24 hours and 30 days (ethanol / water solution) on both top and bottom surfaces. Fluorescence analysis was performed with the aid of a dark chamber by three calibrators: low, medium and high. The microhardness data were submitted to the factorial ANOVA test for Repeated Measures, followed by the LSD-Fisher follow-up test. Fluorescence by the LSD-Fisher Test. After 24h the microhardness was higher at the top in the thickness of 2mm: TETRIC and FBF, 3mm: Z350, TETRIC and FBF, 4mm: Z350, AURA, TETRIC and FBF. After aging the highest values in the bottom: 2mm: TETRIC and FBF, 3mm: AURA and TETRIC, in the 4mm: AURA was significantly higher than the first average. (p <0.05). It was possible to close that the larger the thickness, the greater the difference of the microhardness between the top and bottom surfaces. With regard to fluorescence, TETRIC (BF) was the only composite resin that did not have significantly altered values with increasing thickness. Aging in ethanol / water solution increased the microhardness values of some TETRIC, FBF and AURA composite resins. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de comparar o comportamento de diferentes espessuras de incrementos das resinas compostas tipo bulk fill, por meio da análise da microdureza no topo e na base de corpos-de-prova (CP), efeito do envelhecimento com solução ácida (etanol/água) e a avaliação da fluorescência Foram confeccionados 135 CP com espessuras de 2, 3, e 4mm subdivididos em 5 grupos (n=27): resina Z350;Aura bulk fill (AURA); Tetric bulk fill (TETRIC); SureFil bulk fill (SDR). ; Filtek bulk fill (FBF). Cada CP foi fotoativado por aparelho de luz Led durante 20 segundos. O teste de microdureza foi realizado após 24 horas e 30 dias (solução etanol/água) tanto na superfície do topo como na base. A análise da fluorescência foi realizada com auxílio de uma câmara escura por três avaliadores calibrados como: baixa, média e alta. Os dados de microdureza foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA fatorial para Medidas Repetidas, seguido pelo teste de acompanhamento de LSD-Fisher. A fluorescência pelo teste Teste LSD-Fisher. Após 24hs a microdureza foi maior no topo na espessura de 2mm: TBF e FBF, 3mm: Z350, TBF e FBF, 4mm: Z350, ABF, TBF e FBF. Após o envelhecimento os maiores valores na base: 2mm: TBF e FBF, 3mm: ABF e TBF, na de 4mm: ABF foi significativamente maior do que a média inicial. (p<0,05). Foi possível concluir que quanto maior a espessura, maior a diferença da microdureza entre a superfície de topo e base. Com relação a fluorescência a TBF foi a única resina composta que não teve os valores alterados de forma significativa com o aumento da espessura. O envelhecimento em solução etanol/água aumentou os valores de microdureza de algumas resinas compostas TBF, FBF e ABF.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-06-25T20:29:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Emerson Delazari Donini.pdf: 1027762 bytes, checksum: 9ec4a6537f9edea3f41fdaf4d3b4ce16 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T20:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Emerson Delazari Donini.pdf: 1027762 bytes, checksum: 9ec4a6537f9edea3f41fdaf4d3b4ce16 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Repairing on composite resin restorations can be a conservative alternative to remedy restoration failures as it preserves parts of the tooth that would normally be removed during a complete exchange. The objective of this work was to evaluate the bond strength of post-repair and aging composite resins in different solutions (distilled water, 75% water-alcohol and 0.02N nitric acid). Five composite resins were used, being a conventional resin (Z350) and four bulk fill Filtek Bulk fill (FBF), Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (FBFF), Surefill SDR Flow (SURE) and Opus Bulk Fill Flow (OPUS). Specimens 2x2x5 mm were prepared in prefabricated silicone molds and aged for 30 days, after which the resins were treated with a surface treatment and soon after the repair, becoming a CP with 2x2x10mm. The repairs were performed in the same silicone mold by combining all the resins in the sample, forming 75 groups (n = 10), and immersed again for 30 days in the evaluated solutions. After, the CPs were submitted to the tensile test with the machine DL-200 MF - Emic DL line. The mean values obtained for each CP were submitted to the Kruskall-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post-test (p <0.05). According to the experimental methodology for Z350 aged in distilled water, the repairs made with the Z350 itself (5.82 + 2.10) and the FBFF (5.88+3.06) showed no statistical differences. For the repairs between FBF (7.44 + 1.68) and OPUS (7.25 + 2.85) there were no statistically significant differences, however, they were higher than SURE (3.59 + 1.57). In 75% water/alcohol solution, all repairs made on the Z350 base were statistically similar. For the 0.02N nitric acid solution and for the Z350 base, the repairs with FBFF (4.37+1.08) and SURE (4.44+1.29) showed no differences between themselves and with FBF (3,37+0.54) and OPUS (5.43+1.21), but were higher than those with Z350 (2.27 + 0.61). When the base was FBF and the solution to distilled water, repairs with FBF (4.90 + 1.98), FBFF (5.50 + 1.56) and SURE (6.08 + 2.01) did not show Differences. Repairs with OPUS were higher (7.32 + 1.74) compared to Z350 (3.82 + 1.85). FBF as a base in the 75% water / alcohol solution and 0.02N nitric acid the repairs showed no differences between them. For the FBFF base in the distilled water, the repair with the same FBFF (7.64 + 2.86) showed no differences with the other resins. (3,63 + 2,86), SURE (7,25 + 3,03), and OPUS (6,83 + 2,40) compared to the bulk fill flow resins, FBFF (7,64 + 2,86). Which did not show significant differences between them. For the 75% water / alcohol solution there were no significant differences between the repairs compared to each other. For the 0.02N nitric acid solution, there were no statistically significant differences when comparing the Z350, FBFF and OPUS resins with each other. The results were higher for SURE (9.93+3.91) when compared to FBF (5.67+1.83) both as repair. For the SURE base in the distilled water solution, there were no significant differences between all the repairs. In the 75% water / alcohol solution, for repairs with Z350 (1.55+067), FBF (2.24+1.09), SURE (2.37+0.85) and OPUS (2.13+0.75) were not different from each other, but were better than the FBFF (2.76+0.73), and the FBF (2.24+1.09) was not different when compared to the others. In the 0.02N nitric acid solution, all repairs were statistically similar to each other. For OPUS as a base, in the distilled water solution, repairs with SURE (3.20+0.67) and OPUS (4.09+1.12) were similar to each other. The Z350 (2.83+1.36) and FBF (2.73+0.94) showed no significant differences among themselves, but compared to the FBFF resin (5.04+1.27) had worse results than this. In 75% water/ethanol solution and nitric acid there were no statistically significant differences between the resins used in the repair. According to the results obtained, it was possible to verify that, in the majority of the comparisons made among the composite resins evaluated in this study, the nanoparticulate resin presented the worst values of bond strength when used as repair. On the other hand, the bulk fill composites presented the best behavior when used as repair. / Os reparos em restaurações em resina composta podem ser uma alternativa conservadora para solucionar falhas de adaptação das mesmas, pois preserva partes do dente que normalmente seriam removidas durante uma troca completa. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de união das resinas compostas pós-reparo e envelhecimento em diferentes soluções (água destilada, água/álcool 75% e ácido nítrico 0,02N). Foram utilizadas cinco resinas compostas, sendo uma resina nanoparticulada (Z350) e quatro resinas bulk fill (Filtek Bulk fill (FBF), Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (FBFF), Surefill SDR Flow (SURE) e Opus Bulk Fill Flow (OPUS)). Foram confeccionados corpos de prova (CP) de 2x2x5 mm em molde de silicone pré-fabricado e envelhecidas por 30 dias, após esse período as resinas receberam o tratamento de superfície e logo após o reparo, tornando-se um CP com 2x2x10mm. Os reparos foram realizados no mesmo molde de silicone através da combinação entre todas as resinas da amostra, formando 75 grupos (n=10), sendo imersas novamente por 30 dias nas soluções avaliadas. Após, os CP foram submetidos ao teste de tração com a máquina DL-200 MF – Emic linha DL. Os valores médios obtidos para cada CP foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskall Wallis, seguido do pós-teste de Dunn, (p < 0,05). De acordo com a metodologia experimental para a base de Z350 envelhecida em água destilada, os reparos feitos com a própria Z350 (5,82+2,10) e com a FBFF (5,88+3,06) não houve diferenças estatísticas significantes. Para os reparos entre a FBF (7,44+1,68) e OPUS (7,25+2,85) não houve diferenças estatísticas significantes, porém elas foram superiores à SURE (3,59+1,57). Na solução água/álcool 75%, todos os reparos feitos na base Z350 mostraram-se semelhantes estatisticamente. Para a solução de ácido nítrico 0,02N e para a base de Z350, os reparos com a FBFF (4,37 +1.08) e SURE (4,44+1,29) não mostraram diferenças entre si e com as FBF (3,37+0,54) e OPUS (5,43+1,21), mas foram superiores aos reparos com a Z350 (2,27+0,61). Quando a base foi a FBF e a solução a água destilada, os reparos com FBF (4,90+1,98), FBFF (5,50+1,56) e SURE (6,08+2,01) não mostraram diferenças às demais. Reparos com a OPUS (7,32+1,74) foram superiores, comparados à Z350 (3,82+1,85). FBF como base na solução de água/álcool 75% e ácido nítrico 0,02N os reparos não mostraram diferenças entre si. Para a base de FBFF na água destilada, o reparo com a mesma FBFF (7,64+2,86) não mostrou diferenças com as demais resinas. Z350 (3,53+1,55) quando comparada às resinas bulk fill flow, FBFF (7,64+2,86), SURE (7,25+3,03) e OPUS (6,83+2,40), não mostraram diferenças significantes entre si. Para a solução água/álcool 75% não houve diferenças significantes dos reparos comparados entre si. Para a solução de ácido nítrico 0,02N, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando se comparou as resinas Z350, FBFF e OPUS entre si e as demais. Os resultados foram superiores para a SURE (9,93+3,91) quando se comparou com a FBF (5,67+1,83) ambas como reparo. Para a base SURE na solução de água destilada, não houve diferenças significantes entre todas nos reparos. Na solução de água/álcool 75%, para os reparos com Z350 (1,55+067), FBF (2,24+1,09), SURE (2,37+0,85) e OPUS (2,13+0,75) não houve diferenças entre si, mas foram melhores que a FBFF (2,76+0,73), e a FBF (2,24+1,09) não foi diferente quando comparada às demais. Na solução de ácido nítrico 0,02N, todos os reparos foram estatisticamente semelhantes entre si. Para a OPUS como base, na solução de água destilada, os reparos com a SURE (3,20+0,67) e OPUS (4,09+1,12) foram semelhantes entre si e às demais. A Z350 (2,83+1,36) e FBF (2,73+0,94) não mostraram diferenças significantes entre si, mas comparadas à resina FBFF (5,04+1,27) tiveram piores resultados em relação a esta. Em solução de água/etanol 75% e ácido nítrico não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as resinas utilizadas no reparo. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível verificar que, na maioria das comparações realizadas entre as resinas compostas avaliadas nesse estudo, a resina composta nanoparticulada apresentou os piores valores de resistência a união quando utilizada como reparo. Já as resinas compostas bulk fill apresentaram na maioria das comparações realizadas o melhor comportamento quando utilizada como reparo.

Orientador: Newton Cesario Frateschi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estaual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T21:02:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vallini_Felipe_D.pdf: 6501837 bytes, checksum: 9c23f9afa5633adc0e7fa246e3bcafc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho são investigados os nanolasers de semicondutor do tipo metálico-dielétrico com injeção eletrônica. Com o uso de softwares robustos otimizamos as propriedades eletromagnéticas das cavidades propostas através da solução das equações de Maxwell em um meio material. Também resolvemos auto-consistentemente as equações de Poisson, de continuidade, de transporte e de Schroedinger para obter as propriedades eletrônicas da cavidade. Tal otimização, considerando a parte de confinamento do modo em conjunto com a parte da injeção eletrônica nunca havia sido proposta ou realizada para nanolasers. Estudamos o efeito do meio de ganho em um nanolaser desse tipo através da comparação do desempenho de um nanolaser com meio de ganho bulk e outro com meio de ganho de múltiplos poços quânticos. Essa análise foi feita inserindo um modelo de reservatório de portadores às equações de taxa convencionais para nanolasers. Fabricamos dois nanolasers, um com cada meio de ganho. Os nanolasers foram caracterizados e demonstramos que um meio de ganho bulk é mais adequado ao desenvolvimento de nanolasers de semicondutor metálico-dielétrico com bombeio eletrônico. Por fim, medimos um nanolaser com meio de ganho bulk a 77 K, o qual apresentou uma corrente de limiar da ordem de 2 mA, emissão em 1567 nm e largura de linha de 0.4 nm / Abstract: In this work we have investigated metallo-dielectric semiconductor nanolasers with electronic pumping. We have optimized the electromagnetic properties of the proposed cavities through the solution of Maxwell equations in a material media using robust software. We also solved self-consistently Poisson, continuity, transport and Schrodinger equations to obtain the electronic properties of the cavities. Such optimization, which considers the optical mode confinement together with the electronic injection, had not been proposed or realized for nanolasers yet. We have studied the effect of the gain media in this class of nanolaser comparing the performance of a nanolaser with bulk gain media and a nanolaser with multiple quantum wells gain media. This analysis was done inserting a reservoir model for carriers into conventional laser rate equations. We have fabricated two nanolasers, each one with one of the proposed gain media. The nanolasers were measured and we demonstrated that a bulk gain media is more suitable for the development of metallo-dielectric semiconductor nanolasers with electronic pumping. Finally, we have measured a bulk gain media nanolaser at 77 K, with a threshold current of 2 mA, emission at 1567 nm and a linewidth of 0.4 nm / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

This dissertation describes the development of software specifically designed to facilitate simulation analysis of bulk material transportation systems. Use of the term simulation analysis indicates a special variation of the systems analysis process in which the model developed is a digital computer simulation model. Specifically, the software aids in model development, execution, and presentation of the simulation results. Simulation analysis is currently utilized by bulk material transport operators in a limited manner. The problem is that use of available simulation languages requires knowledge concerning language syntax and semantics. Additionally, system operators are not typically trained in how to perform an analysis of their bulk material transportation system. The common solution to these problems is to retain analytical experts who are unfamiliar with the system to be analyzed. The system operators for whom the analysis is performed, and who are responsible for implementation of analytical results, are therefore removed from the analysis process. The considerably reduces the credibility of the analysis. The simulation software described in this dissertation provides a means for a system operator, or anyone not familiar with simulation language use, to develop and execute a simulation model of their system. By increasing the operator role in the analysis process, the acceptability of the analysis is increased. The software is specifically designed for bulk material transportation systems analysis, a research area which can be greatly benefited through the use of simulation model analysis. The simulation software package embodies concepts somewhat similar to those of expert systems, a concept derived from the study of artificial intelligence. The software is "expertly" structured to represent bulk material transportation systems. It contains a knowledge base oriented toward both simulation analysis and bulk material transportation systems analysis. The computer languages C and SIMAN were used for software development. The software is structured in three parts; 1) input interface, 2) SIMAN code generator, and 3) output interface. The user interacts with the input interface, providing information as to the system to be analyzed. This information is utilized by the code generator to create executable SIMAN simulation programs. The output interface provides the simulation output in the system terminology initially selected by the user. / Ph. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Adelia Cristina Fernandes Silva.pdf: 305496 bytes, checksum: f82a7e3cbe5bde850f4a8f4687e0733f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) stands out in Brazil because of its economic and, above all social importance, being an essential source of fiber of the human daily diet. To quantify the fiber content and the genetic variability in Brazilian genotypes is very important because it can ensure the success of breeding programs, evaluating the relative efficiency of the methods for conducting segregating populations. The objective of this research was to compare the genetic potential of segregating populations of the common bean submitted to different breeding methods for the character of crude fiber content and grain yield. Families were obtained by hybridization between the lines CNFC 7812 and CNFC 7829 with 12.7% and 17% of fiber content respectively. The families were conducted by three different breeding methods: Bulk, Bulk within F2 and SSD until the F7 generation. The design to analyze the families was the 14x14 lattice with three replications, conducted in two locations: Santo Antonio/GO and Ponta Grossa/PR. The crude fiber content and grain yield were evaluated in all families from the three methods. The components of variance, genetic and phenotypical parameters were then estimated from the mean square expected values. Based on the results, it can be concluded that for the crude fiber character and the grain yield, the best method was the Bulk within families, which generated the greatest number of families of high rank characteristic. In this research, this method therefore was superior for both SSD and Bulk methods. It was observed among the evaluated families obtained from the crossing CNFC 7812 x CNFC 7829, enough genetic variability to be explored for the characters of crude fiber content and grain yield. / O feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) destaca-se no Brasil por sua importância econômica e, sobretudo social, sendo uma importante fonte de fibra na dieta habitual. Conhecer a variabilidade genética para teor de fibra em feijoeiro comum é muito importante, pois pode garantir o sucesso de programas de melhoramento, avaliando-se a eficiência relativa dos métodos de condução de população disponíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em comparar o desempenho de famílias de feijoeiro comum obtidas por diferentes métodos de condução de populações segregantes, para os caracteres teor de fibra bruta e produtividade de grãos. Foram obtidas famílias a partir do cruzamento entre os genitores CNFC 7812 e CNFC 7829 com 12,7% e 17,0% de teor de fibra, respectivamente. As famílias foram conduzidas por três métodos de melhoramento: bulk, bulk dentro de famílias e o SSD até a geração F7. O delineamento utilizado para analisar as famílias foi um látice 14x14, com três repetições, conduzido em dois locais: Santo Antônio de Goiás/GO, na safra de inverno no ano agrícola 2008 e Ponta Grossa/PR na safra das águas no ano agrícola 2008/2009. Foram realizadas avaliações para teor de fibra bruta e produtividade de grãos em todas as famílias provenientes dos três métodos de condução de populações. A partir das esperanças matemáticas dos quadrados médios estimaram-se os componentes de variância e os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos. Dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que, para os caracteres fibra bruta e produtividade de grãos, o método mais indicado foi o bulk dentro de famílias, por gerar o maior número de famílias superiores e as melhores médias sendo, por isso, superior neste trabalho ao método SSD e ao método do bulk. Entre as famílias avaliadas do cruzamento CNFC 7812 x CNFC 7829 existe variabilidade genética suficiente para ser explorada para os caracteres teor de fibra bruta e produtividade de grãos.

L’aéroacoustique est une filière de l'acoustique qui étudie la génération de bruit par un mouvement fluidique turbulent ou par les forces aérodynamiques qui interagissent avec les surfaces. Ce secteur en pleine croissance a attiré des intérêts récents en raison de l’évolution de la transportation aérienne, terrestre et spatiale. Les microphones avec une bande passante de plusieurs centaines de kHz et une plage dynamique couvrant de 40Pa à 4 kPa sont nécessaires pour les mesures aéroacoustiques. Dans cette thèse, deux microphones MEMS de type piézorésistif à base de silicium polycristallin (poly-Si) latéralement cristallisé par l’induction métallique (MILC) sont conçus et fabriqués en utilisant respectivement les techniques de microfabrication de surface et de volume. Ces microphones sont calibrés à l'aide d'une source d’onde de choc (N-wave) générée par une étincelle électrique. Pour l'échantillon fabriqué par le micro-usinage de surface, la sensibilité statique mesurée est 0.4μV/V/Pa, la sensibilité dynamique est 0.033μV/V/Pa et la plage fréquentielle couvre à partir de 100 kHz avec une fréquence du premier mode de résonance à 400kHz. Pour l'échantillon fabriqué par le micro-usinage de volume, la sensibilité statique mesurée est 0.28μV/V/Pa, la sensibilité dynamique est 0.33μV/V/Pa et la plage fréquentielle couvre à partir de 6 kHz avec une fréquence du premier mode de résonance à 715kHz. / Aero-acoustics, a branch of acoustics which studies noise generation via either turbulent fluid motion or aerodynamic forces interacting with surfaces, is a growing area and has received fresh emphasis due to advances in air, ground and space transportation. Microphones with a bandwidth of several hundreds of kHz and a dynamic range covering 40Pa to 4kPa are needed for aero-acoustic measurements. In this thesis, two metal-induced-lateral-crystallized (MILC) polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) based piezoresistive type MEMS microphones are designed and fabricated using surface micromachining and bulk micromachining techniques, respectively. These microphones are calibrated using an electrical spark generated shockwave (N-wave) source. For the surface micromachined sample, the measured static sensitivity is 0.4μV/V/Pa, dynamic sensitivity is 0.033μV/V/Pa and the frequency range starts from 100kHz with a first mode resonant frequency of 400kHz. For the bulk micromachined sample, the measured static sensitivity is 0.28μV/V/Pa, dynamic sensitivity is 0.33μV/V/Pa and the frequency range starts from 6kHz with a first mode resonant frequency of 715kHz.

This thesis provides a report on the numerical analysis of stress distributions within granular materials held in silos and hoppers. Stress distributions within granular materials stored in silos and hoppers have been the subject of research for over 100 years, work starting in this field in 1895 (Janssen). Knowledge of stress distributions within the granular materials contained is essential to allow structural design of the silo and hopper shell and attachments, and to allow estimation of likelihood and location of cohesive arch formation. National design codes for silos and hoppers (including BS EN 1993-4-1:2007 Eurocode 3 and DIN 1055-6:2005-03) are based on approximate techniques that assume vertical and horizontal directions of principal stresses, with constant horizontal stress across the silos. According to the knowledge of the author there are no industrial standards that allow calculation of loading on inserts within hoppers. The objective of the research project is to develop algorithms to predict stresses in hoppers and silos using principal stress arc geometry methods, and implementation of these methods in various silo and hopper configurations including those with inserts for the purposes of aiding flow. The research project algorithms are spreadsheet- and QB64 platform-based, and are able to produce stress distributions within silos and hoppers. This is achieved by extension of the principal stress arc method of analysis. The new algorithms allow prediction of common flow problems and provide new information on structural loading of silos and hoppers, including inserts used to promote flow. The research project models allow estimation of azimuthal stresses within three-dimensional case studies.