abstract: Traditionally when the topic of secondary traumatic stress (STS) is discussed, it is often in regard to medical professionals and first responders. People who have STS or compassion fatigue, as it has been renamed, have been defined as people who are dealing with traumatic stress and/or emotional burdens via their “patients.” This study, conducted at a major university in the southwest, measured educators’ perceptions of the extent of their compassion fatigue using the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) before and after a voluntary online support training during last four weeks of the semester. Educators who were full time scored better than the educators who worked part time on the three components of the Compassion Fatigue Scale. Results from this study suggest that additional training surrounding compassion fatigue may be needed in the future. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2019

It has been hypothesized that negative emotions, left unresolved, contribute to feelings of burnout experienced by teachers. Self-compassion offers a kind, mindful way of approaching difficult emotions. The purpose of this study is to explore how teachers experience self-compassion by qualitative means. In semi-structured interviews, four elementary school teachers shared critical incidents of self-doubt or disappointment in their teaching. They also completed Neff's (2003a) Self Compassion Survey. Through intra-case and cross case analysis the findings revealed how teachers' lived experiences include episodes of conflict, reflection, resolution, and self-compassion, but in differing orders. Also, participants experienced self-compassion in ways that align with previous work on self-compassion, however an additional element of support seeking emerged. This study provided a context to understand the common ways in which self-compassion was lived out in the classroom while highlighting the differences in participants' experiences. This additional insight into the lived experience of the teachers adds to the body of knowledge regarding emotionality in the classroom and positive ways that teachers can and do regulate emotion through self-compassion. Additionally, participants' drive to seek support from others exposed a social side of self-compassion that Neff's (2003a) definition or a simple dictionary definition did not include.

abstract: The purpose of this action research study was to examine the effects the Six Seconds model on the emotional intelligence development of teacher candidates in a teacher education program described above. How would this focus impact a teacher candidate's ability navigate the emotional aspects of teaching, exercise optimism, and make daily choices based on a greater sense of purpose? A mixed-methods (QUAL-quant ) was employed to investigate this question and to gain a greater understanding of emotional intelligence in the teaching profession. The Six Seconds model of emotional intelligence was used as a foundation for the intervention and data collection. Data were collected through an emotional intelligence assessment, a teaching satisfaction survey, semi-structured interviews, observations, field notes, training transcripts, training artifacts, and a participant journal. The results from the study indicated that the Six Seconds model has the potential to positively impact emotional intelligence development in teacher candidates. Moreover, the study resulted in broader assertions about emotional intelligence development among future teachers. Emotional intelligence starts with a commitment to change. Second, teacher candidates must have the opportunity to continuously apply new learning in an environment conducive to EQ development. Finally, the pursuit of a noble goal is critical to the application of all other emotional intelligence competencies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2012

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Determina los factores de riesgo en el síndrome de Burnout en enfermeras en el Servicio de Oncología de la Clínica San Pablo. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, método descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 18 enfermeras. La técnica fue la encuesta y el instrumento un cuestionario aplicado previo consentimiento informado. Del 100%(18), el 33.3% (6) presentes y 66.7% (12) ausente. En la dimensión personal 22.2% (4) está presente y 77.8% (14) ausente, mientras que el factor organizacional 77.8% (14) presente y 22.2% (4) ausente. La conclusión es que el mayor porcentaje de las enfermeras manifestaron que los factores de riesgo están ausentes, de igual modo el factor de riesgo personal, sin embargo en lo referido al factor de riesgo organizacional el mayor porcentaje que está dado por no se siente bien con las labores que realiza, consideran que no se sienten realizados profesionalmente en su trabajo, la institución no reconoce su trabajo mediante estímulos y consideran que no se trabaja en equipo. / Trabajo académico

Objetivo: El presente estudio intentó determinar la relación que existiría entre los factores rasgos de personalidad y características socio-demográficas y laborales, y el desarrollo del Síndrome de Burnout. Asimismo, determinar la prevalencia de este Síndrome en el personal médico de la Microred Barranco- Chorrillos-Surco. Método: Estudio analítico observacional tipo transversal dirigido a la totalidad de médicos de la Microred Barranco-Chorrillos-Surco en enero del 2015. Se administró tres cuestionarios: uno de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) y el Test de personalidad 16PF de Cattell. Se realizó análisis bivariado entre cada dimensión del Síndrome de Burnout con las variables independientes mediante la prueba estadística Chi Cuadrado. Resultados: El 66,6% de la población contestó las encuestas. Presentaron puntuaciones elevadas en las tres dimensiones del Síndrome de Burnout: agotamiento emocional el 51,6%, despersonalización el 51,6% y respecto a la falta de realización personal se obtuvo que 40,6% tenía nivel alto. No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre cada dimensión del Síndrome de Burnout con las características socio-demográficas y laborales. Se halló asociación entre el desarrollo de grados de despersonalización con una personalidad caracterizada por la autosuficiencia (p=0,03). Conclusiones: Se detectó niveles preocupantemente elevados de este síndrome entre los sujetos de estudio. / Tesis

Burnout syndrome is increasingly affecting more people in Westerncountries. The question of treatment is important. In this study, we recruitedand investigated 27 burnout patients (16 women, 9 men) and 20 healthycontrols (8 men and 12 women) before and after an intervention. Theintervention consisted of a combination of both cognitive therapy, cognitivebehavioral therapy, individual counseling, and a form of mindfulness grouptherapy (centered around own body awareness) to see whether the treatmenthad an effect on cognitive functions possibly affected by burnout and onsubjective well-being. A battery of neuropsychological tests andquestionnaires were administered to all participants, once before treatment,and once after. All test scores were z transformed and reduced to compositevariables, measuring executive function, verbal memory function andpsychomotor function. No significant interaction effects between group andtest occasions were found. Treatment does not appear to influence cognitivefunctions affected in burnout. However, reports of subjective well-being asmeasured by questionnaires improved after treatment.

Research on stress and burnout and their influence on empathy, engagement, and retention, in healthcare support staff is scarce in the literature. The theoretical framework for this study was the conservation of resources (COR) theory which claims that when people are stressed, emotionally exhausted, and experiencing burnout, they protect and preserve their physical and mental resources from becoming depleted by reducing their effort and withdrawing from work. The key research question was: Does burnout mediate the relationship between stress and empathy, engagement, and turnover intentions in healthcare support staff working in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC)? This quantitative, non-experimental, mediation analysis included 83 female and 10 male healthcare support staff working in an FQHC. The variables were assessed using the Job Stress Survey (JSS), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBI), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) – Brief Form, and the Behavioral Intentions to Withdraw Measure (BIWM). A path analysis was performed to estimate the magnitude of the relationships between the variables. The results indicate that burnout does not mediate the relationship between stress and empathy, but it does significantly predict engagement and turnover intentions. FQHCs serve vulnerable and medically complex patients in underserved communities, and when the negative impact of burnout in healthcare support staff is addressed, patients, providers, and staff can enable positive social change by achieving important clinical health outcomes for patients.

Professional burnout refers to the development of negative emotions, cynical thoughts, and physical and mental exhaustion as a response to stressors associated with one’s career. Within the teaching profession, professional burnout has been associated with an increase in teacher attrition. In an effort to promote a positive school environment where teachers feel supported and committed to the profession, many administrators have implemented structured collaborative opportunities within their buildings. While personal relationships within the school network can provide a mitigating effect against professional burnout, the possibility exists that teacher leaders can be overcentralized and negatively impacted by the maintained relationships. By potentially forcing centralization on critical team members and emphasizing them as the “go-to” person for collaboration, schools may be inadvertently putting their best at risk for burnout. Using a mixed-methods design, the following study investigates the perceived benefits and constraints of centrality within the school network on reported burnout. The social networks at four elementary schools were analyzed to determine the level of connectivity for each certified staff member. Participants were asked to identify the colleagues with whom they collaborate. Using Social Network Analysis, the level of centrality (as measured by number of network connections both received and directed) was calculated for each participant based on number of network ties both received and directed. Centrality scores were included with previously identified variables associated with teacher burnout including level of perceived stress, perception of school environment, principal support, and other demographic data in a series of hypothesis tests to assess the relationship between network connectivity and reported burnout. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with a selection of participants to further explore the impact of network connections on participant burnout. The results of this exploratory study found that not all collegial relationships are beneficial. A significant positive relationship between number of collaborative ties directed toward a teacher and their depersonalization score on the Maslach Burnout Inventory was identified, indicating that individuals who are frequently identified as a collaborator report higher burnout. The findings from this study produce a unique perspective on collaboration within the school network. As has been reported previously, level of connectivity within the school network as measured by the number of teachers one can identify as collaborators appears to mitigate (or not significantly increase) a teacher’s risk of professional burnout. However, being identified as a collaborator by a large number of teachers (in-degree) significantly increases one’s risk for depersonalization behaviors.

Burnout is a topic that is drawing an increasing amount of attention in the social work field. The compassion and emotional energy that is used daily by these service providers can cause them to experience emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The effects of burnout are detrimental on several levels. Staff will experience decreased interest and efficiency in their work and may even leave their place of employment. Clients will not receive the help that they require and agencies will suffer from staff turnover and lowered productivity. Utilizing a survey including a burnout inventory and spirituality inventory, data was gathered regarding burnout and the spiritual attitudes and practices of 133 service providers. Results show that there is a negative significant relationship between depersonalization and spirituality. There was a positive significant relationship between personal accomplishment and spirituality. The correlation showed that personal accomplishment was negatively related to emotional exhaustion as well as depersonalization. These results are consistent with the literature in the way that it demonstrates that the use of spiritual beliefs and practices can reduce the effects of burnout on social workers.

Working in mental health can be an extremely demanding job, which may often lead to compassion fatigue of therapists. This research study examines the factors that contribute to compassion fatigue among play therapists and therapists in the play therapy community. This research sought to measure the relationship between factors such as work-related stressors, demographics, and compassion fatigue. The research study gathered quantitative data from a convenient sample and a random sample. Data was collected via an online survey, which included informed consent, a demographic questionnaire, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Forty online surveys were completed by play therapists registered with a specific association (Group X) and at a non-profit agency located in Southern California. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. A significant key finding was that play therapists are very satisfied with their career path and are experiencing high levels of compassion satisfaction. Another key finding from this study was there is a significant correlation between hours spent per week providing play therapy services and hours spent working with traumatized clients. Also, another key finding was there is a correlation between years licensed and primary work setting. This research study hopes to help play therapists who are interested in play therapy and give insight about compassion fatigue while also giving mental health agencies understanding of the work-related stressors that play therapists face while providing play therapy services.