El presente trabajo de investigación consiste en el análisis del arquetipo del héroe y los sentidos de justicia en los medios en los casos de, The dark knight , Watchmen y V De Vendetta. Se busca describir las características de este arquetipo y la forma como conciben la justicia en personajes de las películas mencionadas. La investigación tiene como base la metodología cualitativa, puesto que busca comprender la evolución del arquetipo del héroe, los valores y antivalores y los sentidos de justicia en las muestras seleccionadas. En ese sentido, la técnica utilizada será el análisis de contenido. En el siguiente estudio se plantea llegar a analizar la evolución del arquetipo del héroe y los dilemas morales y éticos que este presenta / The present research work consists of the analysis of the hero archetype and the senses of justice in the media in the cases of, The dark knight, Watchmen and V For Vendetta. It seeks to describe the characteristics of this archetype and the way in which justice is conceived in characters of the mentioned films. The research is based on the qualitative methodology, since it seeks to understand the evolution of the hero archetype, the values and anti values and the senses of justice in the selected samples. In that sense, the technique used will be content analysis. In the following study, it is proposed to analyze the evolution of the hero archetype and the moral and ethical dilemmas that it presents. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar las diferencias generacionales en las percepciones sobre la transformación del personaje femenino en la franquicia cinematográfica de Barbie, creada por Mattel. Para ello se retoman las discusiones sobre la mirada masculina en el cine, así como las representaciones dentro de un enfoque interseccional y el post-feminismo adaptado a la pantalla grande. Como estrategia metodológica, se propone un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a un grupo de mujeres adultas jóvenes que crecieron con el personaje entre la década de los 2000 y 2010, con el fin de identificar su percepción acerca de la evolución de Barbie a lo largo de los años desde una perspectiva de género. / This research aims to analyze generational differences in perceptions about the transformation of the female character in the Barbie film franchise, created by Mattel. For this, the discussions about the male gaze in cinema are taken up, as well as representations within an intersectional approach and post-feminism adapted to the big screen. As a methodological strategy, a qualitative study is proposed based on interviews with a group of young adult women who grew up watching Barbie between the decade of 2000 and 2010, in order to identify their perception about the evolution of the character throughout the years from a gender approach. / Trabajo de investigación

La finalidad del presente trabajo de investigación reside en recoger y profundizar en las percepciones que poseen las mujeres peruanas acerca de la representación de los personajes femeninos en la animación del Studio Ghibli, en especial dentro de las filmografías de Hayao Miyazaki. Para ello, se retoman discusiones sobre la representación de la mujer en el medio audiovisual y, en particular, en el ámbito de la animación. Como estrategia metodológica se utilizará un estudio de carácter cualitativo basado en entrevistas. A partir de ello, se espera demostrar que el público percibe a las mujeres de la casa oriental como figuras independientes y libres, quienes rompen con los estereotipos de género y, a su vez, presentan una naturaleza multidimensional, a partir de una construcción profunda en los aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales. / The purpose of this research work is to collect and deepen the perceptions that the Peruvian women have about the representation of female characters in the animation of the Ghibli Studio, especially within the filmographies of Hayao Miyazaki. For this, discussions are taken up on the representation of women in the audiovisual medium and, in particular, in the field of animation. As a methodological strategy, a qualitative study based on interviews will be used. Based on this, it is expected to show that the public perceives the women of the oriental house as independent and free figures, who break with gender stereotypes and, in turn, present a multidimensional nature, from deep construction in the physical, psychological, and social aspects. / Trabajo de investigación

En las producciones audiovisuales se utilizan modelos arquetípicos de personajes para causar un efecto de identificación por parte del público con lo que está observando. Los modelos clásicos de construcción de historias suelen ser “el bien vs el mal'', inspirados en la estructura de composición narrativa que se utilizó en la Biblia. En el cine actual, muchos de los films del género terror retratan como antagonista a un miembro del clero, religiosos extremistas e incluso, como solución al obstáculo principal de la trama, se propone realizar algún rito cristiano, por ejemplo, practicando exorcismos. Por otro lado, en el género de horror, esta relación con la simbología cristiana no se suele apreciar tan explícita. Debido a que se muestran crímenes muy sangrientos y otros actos violentos. En este artículo se propone realizar un estudio cualitativo que usará la técnica del análisis de contenido. Para desglosar la composición de los personajes de la cuarta temporada de la serie de Televisión “American Horror Story: Freak Show” y luego establecer su paralelo con la simbología cristiana. / In audiovisual productions archetypal models of characters are used to cause an effect of identification on the part of the public with what they are observing. The classic models of story construction are usually "good vs evil", inspired by the narrative composition structure that was used in the Bible. In today's cinema, many of the films of the horror genre portray a member of the clergy, religious extremists as antagonists and even, as a solution to the main obstacle of the plot, it is proposed to carry out a Christian rite, for example, practicing exorcisms. On the other hand, in the horror genre, this relationship with Christian symbolism is not usually appreciated so explicitly. Because very bloody crimes and other violent acts are shown. This article proposes to carry out a qualitative study that will use the content analysis technique. To break down the composition of the characters of the fourth season of the television series "American Horror Story: Freak Show" and then establish its parallel with Christian symbology. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo surgió a partir de las investigaciones relacionadas a las transformaciones y/o cambios que presenta el género de las telenovelas en relación a los personajes femeninos. Específicamente, se tiene como propósito investigar acerca de la percepción de la audiencia femenina con respecto a estas transformaciones que presentan los personajes femeninos en las telenovelas peruanas contemporáneas. Para ello, se retoman las discusiones sobre la representación de la mujer en el género de las telenovelas asociado a la construcción de los personajes. Como estrategia metodológica, se propone un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas a mujeres peruanas que hayan visto las telenovelas “En la piel de Alicia” o “Leonela, muriendo de amor”. A partir de ello se espera comprender en qué medida la audiencia percibe los cambios en la representación de la mujer, específicamente, cuáles son las transformaciones o permanencia que la audiencia femenina reconoce con respecto a las dimensiones físicas, psicológicas y sociales en la representación de la mujer en las telenovelas escogidas. / The present work arose from the investigations related to the transformations and/or changes that soap operas have presented in relation to female characters. Specifically, it is orientated to investigate the perception of female audience regarding the transformations that female characters display in contemporary Peruvian soap operas. In this sense, discussion on the representation of women in the genre of soap operas associated with the construction of the characters is reopened. As a methodological strategy, a qualitative study based on interview with Peruvian women who have seen the soap operas “En la piel de Alicia” or “Leonela, muriendo de amor” is proposed. The expected outcome is to understand to what extent the audience perceives the changes in the representation of women, specifically, what are the transformations or permanence that the female audience recognizes in physical, psychological and social dimensions in the representation of women in selected soap operas. / Trabajo de investigación

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Text in English / Since its inception in 1833 the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa has been a missionary church and has always had its own missionary work. It started to organise the Christianization, Evangelization and Westernization endeavours to take place inside the territories of South Africa. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church Missionaries founded, financed, maintained, controlled and administered their educational endeavours without any moral or financial support from the Government. The main purpose of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church Missionaries in founding and supporting schools has been to use education as an auxiliary to the evangelization of the indigenous people of South Africa. Elementary schools served as instruments of direct evangelization rather than secular education. Pupils were taught the 3 R's, namely, reading, writing and arithmetic. Education was a useful tool that enabled the converts to read the Bible and other religious material on their own and preferably in their own language. Converts who demonstrated the ability to read, write and do simple arithmetic were trained to become missionaries' helpers. As these earliest converts became proficient and competent, they were posted out into the interior with the instructions to start new church centres and schools. Although the teaching which took place inside these schools was not of high quality, it was definitely better than nothing. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church Missionaries together with missionaries of other denominations provided virtually all the education which was available for the Blacks in South Africa. Through missionary endeavours the South African Government have realized that Western education and civilization has been important forces which helped the indigenous people to advance individually and collectively in the social, political and economic fields. Western technology and culture successfully won the indigenous people of South Africa to Western civilization. The acceptance of Christianity and the introduction of the White man's rule in the interior of South Africa effectively stopped the inter-tribal wars. The missionaries have made a noteworthy contribution to the education of the indigenous people of South Africa. They empowered the Blacks to play a worthy part side by side with members of other races (Whites, Coloureds and Indians) in the development of the country they shared. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (History of Education)

Text in English / Since its inception in 1833 the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa has been a missionary church and has always had its own missionary work. It started to organise the Christianization, Evangelization and Westernization endeavours to take place inside the territories of South Africa. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church Missionaries founded, financed, maintained, controlled and administered their educational endeavours without any moral or financial support from the Government. The main purpose of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church Missionaries in founding and supporting schools has been to use education as an auxiliary to the evangelization of the indigenous people of South Africa. Elementary schools served as instruments of direct evangelization rather than secular education. Pupils were taught the 3 R's, namely, reading, writing and arithmetic. Education was a useful tool that enabled the converts to read the Bible and other religious material on their own and preferably in their own language. Converts who demonstrated the ability to read, write and do simple arithmetic were trained to become missionaries' helpers. As these earliest converts became proficient and competent, they were posted out into the interior with the instructions to start new church centres and schools. Although the teaching which took place inside these schools was not of high quality, it was definitely better than nothing. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church Missionaries together with missionaries of other denominations provided virtually all the education which was available for the Blacks in South Africa. Through missionary endeavours the South African Government have realized that Western education and civilization has been important forces which helped the indigenous people to advance individually and collectively in the social, political and economic fields. Western technology and culture successfully won the indigenous people of South Africa to Western civilization. The acceptance of Christianity and the introduction of the White man's rule in the interior of South Africa effectively stopped the inter-tribal wars. The missionaries have made a noteworthy contribution to the education of the indigenous people of South Africa. They empowered the Blacks to play a worthy part side by side with members of other races (Whites, Coloureds and Indians) in the development of the country they shared. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (History of Education)

[pt] A pesquisa analisa três personagens de textos dramatúrgicos publicados em Dramaturgia Negra (2018), a primeira antologia de textos teatrais negros brasileiros. Abou, personagem do texto Quando eu morrer vou contar tudo a Deus; Bruno, personagem de Será que vai chover? e A Mulher do Fundo do Mar, personagem de Antimemórias de uma travessia interrompida. A análise busca valorizar producões artísticas que se dedicam a elaborar personagens negras a partir de referências contra hegemônicas, dando-lhes relevo e complexidade que as deslocam das velhas imagens raciais negras construídas a partir de estereótipos e do imaginário produzido no âmbito do discurso hegemônico da branquitude. / [en] The research analyzes three characters from dramaturgical texts published in Dramaturgia Negra (2018), the first anthology of black Brazilian theatrical texts. Abou, character in the text When I die I will tell God everything; Bruno, character of Will it rain? and The Woman of the Bottom of the Sea, a character in Antimemories of an interrupted crossing. The analysis seeks to value artistic productions that are dedicated to developing black characters from counterhegemonic references, giving them relief and complexity that displace them from the old black racial images constructed from stereotypes and the imaginary produced within the hegemonic discourse of whiteness.