Le laminage à chaud de l’acier inoxydable est une étape du procédé de fabrication agissant significativement sur la qualité de surface des produits. Les nuances ferritiques stabilisées sont largement utilisées dans les applications automobiles et de décoration mais sont concernées par le phénomène de collage à chaud. Ces nuances, ayant des résistances élevées en corrosion sèche et en fluage, sont riches en éléments tels que le Cr, le Nb ou le Ti, limitant aussi l’oxydation des brames lors du laminage. Or, l’oxydation maitrisée de la brame permet de protéger la surface du métal de tout contact direct avec les cylindres de laminage.Afin de comprendre l’initiation du collage, une première campagne d’étude sur la topographie et la dégradation de l’état de surface des cylindres a été réalisée. Il a été mis en évidence que l’initiation du collage ne serait pas du à des rayures d’usure en surface des cylindres et dont la profondeur serait supérieure à la couche d’oxyde, car la probabilité que la profondeur d’une rayure de cylindre soit plus importante que la couche d’oxyde est très faible.Ensuite, un banc d’essai reproduisant les conditions tribologiques de l’emprise du laminoir a été conçu afin de mieux appréhender les mécanismes à l’origine du collage. Etant donné l’importance de l’état de surface des brames et des cylindres, ce banc d’essai a permis de travailler sur des échantillons pris en production, permettant d’étudier la surface oxydée des tôles. Cette deuxième campagne d’étude a mis en évidence l’importance des oxydes de silicium sur l’adhérence partielle de la couche d’oxyde, ainsi que la relative hétérogénéité en épaisseur et en composition chimique. / Hot rolling of stainless steel is one of the most important steps in manufacturing process regarding surface quality of the product. Stabilised ferritic stainless steels are widely used in automotive and cosmetic appliances but are also concerned by sticking phenomenon. These grades, having high dry corrosion and creep resistance, are enriched in specific chemical elements such as Cr, Nb or Ti, limiting also slab oxidation during hot rolling. Nevertheless, the mastered oxidation of slab surface is a way to protect metal surface from direct contact with rolls.In order to better understand initiation of sticking, a first campaign was based on topography and rolls surface state wear analysis. This study revealed that sticking initiation is not due to the presence of roll scratches which depth is higher than oxide layer thickness. Indeed, the probability that roll scratches are deeper than oxide layer thickness is very low.In a second time, a pilot was designed, reproducing tribological conditions of a roll bite, to better understand mechanisms that initiate sticking. Keeping in mind the importance of rolls and slab surface state, this pilot is able to use specimen taking from industrial products, having the original oxide layer surface. This second study highlighted the major role of silicium oxides on scale adherence and the high heterogeneity of this scale layer in thickness and in chemical composition.

Publicado em 1929, o romance Berlin Alexanderplatz de Alfred Döblin foi considerado, desde as primeiras resenhas, um marco na literatura alemã. Sua novidade residia, sobretudo, na utilização das técnicas da colagem e da montagem, por meio das quais os fragmentos recolhidos da metrópole foram inseridos no romance como sua própria matéria formal. Döblin tentou, com isso, deslocar o espaço concedido à metrópole, de objeto de representação a sujeito da enunciação. Essa dissertação analisa a composição formal de sua narrativa para compreender o que o novo espaço angariado pela metrópole, em Berlin Alexanderplatz, implica para o gênero. Esse problema dialoga diretamente com a importante discussão da \"crise do romance\", que animava os debates de então sobre literatura e encontrava franca ressonância também na produção teórica de Döblin, desenvolvida entre 1910 e 1930. Contrapor Berlin Alexanderplatz às questões levantadas nesses textos teóricos torna ainda mais explícita a relação da obra com seu próprio tempo. Ademais, há uma estrita coincidência entre a importância da objetividade em boa parte da teoria de Döblin e os pressupostos do movimento artístico mais característico dos anos da República de Weimar, a Neue Sachlichkeit. Examinar essa convergência ajuda a iluminar os problemas de uma narrativa que oscila, dialeticamente, entre a representação do destino individual e busca uma montagem realista da metrópole. Todos esses diálogos, além do confronto com a tradição do gênero, ajudam a entrever alguns dos elementos que levaram à configuração, nas palavras de Döblin, dessa \"épica da modernidade\". / Published in 1929, Berlin Alexanderplatz, a novel by Alfred Döblin, was considered - since its first reviews - a landmark in German literature. Its novelty resided above all in the use of the techniques of collage and montage, the use of which made possible that fragments collected in the metropolis could be inserted in the novel as its own formal matter. What Döblin has tried to do with that was to displace the position usually afforded to the metropolis, from object of representation to subject of enunciation. This dissertation engages in an analysis of the narrative formal composition in order to understand what this new position - conquered by the metropolis in Berlin Alexanderplatz - implies to the genre. This problem is in constant dialogue with the very important \"crises of the novel\" issue, which supported much of the literary debate of the time and has a corresponding development in Döblin\'s own theoretical production from 1910 to 1930. Contrasting Berlin Alexanderplatz to the questions posed in these theoretical texts makes the relationship of the novel with its own time even more explicit. Moreover there is a strict coincidence between the importance of objectivity in a good deal of Döblin\'s theory and the presuppositions of the most characteristic artistic movement of the Weimer Republic, the Neue Sachlichkeit. To examine this convergence helps us cast some light on the problems of a narrative that dialectically oscillates between the representation of an individual destiny and the search for a realist montage/image of the metropolis. All this dialogues, besides the confrontation with the novel tradition, help us glimpse some of the elements that headed towards the configuration of this, in Döblin\'s own words, \"epic of modernity\".

Esta dissertação relaciona algumas séries de trabalhos desenvolvidos ao longo dos últimos anos, de 2003 a 2008. Gravuras, instalações, fotografias, desenhos e ilustrações de livros são colocadas em diálogo. Na dissertação essas obras compõem uma única seqüência de oitenta e uma imagens. / This dissertation makes a bridge between a set of works developed throughout the past few years, from 2003 to 2008. They are engravings, collages, installations, photos, drawings and illustrations of books that intend to dialogue among themselves. In this dissertation the workks are presented as a single sequency of 81 images.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é caracterizar e analisar aspectos da vida contemporânea que possibilitam a formalização estética da subjetividade que se cria poeticamente na obra de Rui Pires Cabral. Através da análise de poemas, selecionados de diversos livros do autor, desde o primeiro, Geografia das Estações, de 1994, ao mais recente, Elsewhere/Nenhures, de 2015, e da leitura da crítica literária e cultural contemporânea, principalmente dos trabalhos de críticos que trabalham ambas as questões de maneira interligada, sociólogos e outros estudiosos que pensam sobre as relações entre produções culturais e realidade sócio histórica, buscou-se delinear as características da subjetividade figurada na obra do poeta. Além disso, observou-se a influência desta realidade na constituição do sujeito. A errância e a fragmentação subjetivas são o ponto de partida da análise; outros temas, como solidão, consciência social e política, também serão abordados para que se possa ampliar, ao fim, a discussão sobre questões que estão além do nível subjetivo (individual), levando a uma reflexão social, política e artística da contemporaneidade portuguesa formalizada nos versos de Rui Pires Cabral no contexto da globalização e da organização da Europa enquanto União Europeia. / The objective of the present work is to characterize and to analyze aspects from contemporary life which permit the aesthetical formalization of the subjectivity poetically created in Rui Pires Cabrals work. By analyzing poems, selected from diverse books from the author, from the first one, Geografia das Estações, 1994, to the most recent, until today, Elsewhere/Nenhures, 2015, and by reading the contemporary literary and cultural criticisms, mainly cultural critics, sociologists and other thinkers who work with the relations between cultural productions and the social and historical realities, it was intended to outline the features of such subjectivity, as well as to observe the influence of the reality in the construction of it and the capacity of revelation of the aspects not so apparent in the reality by the subjective features poetically forged. The subjective wandering and fragmentation are the starting points, from which others derive, such as loneliness, social and political conscience, so that it is possible to open a discussion beyond the individual level, permitting a discussion about the Portuguese contemporaneity in social, political and artistic terms in the context of the globalized world and of the European Union.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é caracterizar e analisar aspectos da vida contemporânea que possibilitam a formalização estética da subjetividade que se cria poeticamente na obra de Rui Pires Cabral. Através da análise de poemas, selecionados de diversos livros do autor, desde o primeiro, Geografia das Estações, de 1994, ao mais recente, Elsewhere/Nenhures, de 2015, e da leitura da crítica literária e cultural contemporânea, principalmente dos trabalhos de críticos que trabalham ambas as questões de maneira interligada, sociólogos e outros estudiosos que pensam sobre as relações entre produções culturais e realidade sócio histórica, buscou-se delinear as características da subjetividade figurada na obra do poeta. Além disso, observou-se a influência desta realidade na constituição do sujeito. A errância e a fragmentação subjetivas são o ponto de partida da análise; outros temas, como solidão, consciência social e política, também serão abordados para que se possa ampliar, ao fim, a discussão sobre questões que estão além do nível subjetivo (individual), levando a uma reflexão social, política e artística da contemporaneidade portuguesa formalizada nos versos de Rui Pires Cabral no contexto da globalização e da organização da Europa enquanto União Europeia. / The objective of the present work is to characterize and to analyze aspects from contemporary life which permit the aesthetical formalization of the subjectivity poetically created in Rui Pires Cabrals work. By analyzing poems, selected from diverse books from the author, from the first one, Geografia das Estações, 1994, to the most recent, until today, Elsewhere/Nenhures, 2015, and by reading the contemporary literary and cultural criticisms, mainly cultural critics, sociologists and other thinkers who work with the relations between cultural productions and the social and historical realities, it was intended to outline the features of such subjectivity, as well as to observe the influence of the reality in the construction of it and the capacity of revelation of the aspects not so apparent in the reality by the subjective features poetically forged. The subjective wandering and fragmentation are the starting points, from which others derive, such as loneliness, social and political conscience, so that it is possible to open a discussion beyond the individual level, permitting a discussion about the Portuguese contemporaneity in social, political and artistic terms in the context of the globalized world and of the European Union.

A presente dissertação visa repertoriar e fazer uma reflexão sobre obras e performances de música eletrônica experimental que utilizam músicas e gravações de músicas como material musical. Investiga a colagem musical enquanto prática, em suas diversas possibilidades de emprego. Contextualiza o tema, mostrando antecedentes na tradição da música europeia de concerto e nas artes visuais. Traça uma pequena cronologia a partir do repertório e realiza um histórico quanto às tecnologias empregadas. Introduz categorias importantes, como o sampleamento, o plunderphonics, a citação, o plágio e a intermusicalidade. Aborda o conceito de referencialidade e o coloca como importante fator composicional, relacionando-o a noções como reconhecimento, fontes sonoras e musicais, familiaridade, pastiche. Discorre sobre dois subtemas: o trio bricolagem, assemblagem e descolagem e o período pós-moderno. Conclui pensando a relação entre colagem musical e o caráter de incompletude dos artefatos musicais. / This research aims to make a repertoire of and a reflection upon works and performances of electronic experimental music that use music and musical recordings as compositional material. It investigates the practice of musical collage in its several possibilities of use. It starts by contextualizing the theme: showing some antecedents in the european concert music tradition and in the visual arts; making a small chronology from the repertoire and a historical account of the technologies employed. Introduces important categories such as sampling, plunderphonics, quotation, plagiarism and intermusicality. Addresses the concept of referentiality, treating it as an important compositional aspect and relating it with the notions of recognition, sound and musical sources, familiarity, pastiche. Explores two subthemes: the trio bricolage, assemblage, décollage and the postmodern period. In conclusion, thinks about the relation of musical collage and the incompleteness character of musical artefacts.

Lors de l'assemblage de wafers par adhésion moléculaire, un mince film d'air est piégé entre les deux wafers, créant ainsi un système fluide/structure couplé.La qualité finale de l'assemblage dépend fortement de la dynamique de ce système.L'initiation et la propagation du collage ont été étudiées, en régime transitoire, en utilisant un modèle de plaques minces couplée avec l'équation de Reynolds. La résolution numérique de l'équation, ainsi que la mesure optique du déplacement vertical de la plaquette durant le collage, nous a permis de valider le modèle et de mieux comprendre la dynamique du collage.Dans la continuité de cette étude, nous avons proposé une expression analytique de la courbure finale de l'assemblage en fonction des forces en jeu pendant le collage, ceci en utilisant à nouveau la théorie des plaques minces et en considérant l'exitence d'un saut de déformation transverse le long de l'interface collée.Ce modèle a été validé par une expérience, impliquant le collage de wafers d'épaisseur différentes et en prenant soin de contrôler l'ensemble des forces agissant sur ces wafers. Nous observons une influence importante du film d'air sur la forme finale des wafers.En complément, un modèle du travail d'adhésion a été développé prenant en compte, à la fois, la rugosité d'interface et la quantité d'eau adsorbée. La différence de répartition de l'eau à l'interface de collage, nous permet d'expliquer les résultats expérimentaux montrant des valeurs d'énergie de séparation supérieure à celle de l'adhésion.Enfin, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode de mesure du travail d'adhésion pour la géométrie entière des wafers, utilisant la mesure de la taille d'une bulle cylindrique intentionnellement créée, par un petit objet, à l'interface de collage. / The direct wafer bonding process involves a coupled physical system, formed by the elastic deformation of the wafers and a thin layer of fluid trapped in-between the two wafers.Dynamics of the system during the contacting step has many practical consequences on the quality of the assembled stack.A model for the bonding dynamics is formulated using the thin plate theory and the Reynolds equation. The transient equation is solved numerically, allowing to study both the initiation and the propagation of the bonding. The model is supported by the measurement of the vertical movement of the wafer during the bonding, using an original setup involving optical sensors.Subsequently, an analytical model for the final curvature of the bonded stack is derived, as a function of the different load components acting on the wafers during the bonding, using the thin plate theory and by considering a transverse strain discontinuity locked at the bonding interface.Experimental validation is performing using two different wafer thicknesses. The measured bonded wafer profiles are well described by the model.In addition, a model for the work of adhesion is developed, taking into account both the interface roughness and the amount of adsorbed water.The interface energy controlling the adhesion is found different than for the separation because of the different distribution of water along the interface, in agreement with the experimental observations. At last, a new method to accurately measure the work of adhesion for the entire wafers geometry is proposed, using an elongated bubble intentionally created at the bonding interface and by measuring the induced wafer deflection.

L'objet de ce travail de recherche est d'étudier le comportement mécanique de structures multi-matériaux d'un point de vue empirique et théorique. Ces structures mixtes s'articulent autour de plusieurs matériaux : le bois, le béton, les résines et les armatures. Le but est de tirer avantage de chaque matériau pour améliorer le comportement général de la structure tant au niveau de la résistance ultime que de la rigidité. De nouvelles méthodes de liaison sont également étudiées pour proposer de nouvelles solutions constructives innovantes dans le domaine du Génie Civil. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'étude des liaisons bois-béton. Ainsi une analyse expérimentale est menée à l'aide d'essais push out pour déterminer les meilleures configurations permettant la connexion des matériaux bois et béton. Ces essais push out ont permis de caractériser les joints collées bois-béton sous différentes configurations et ont également permis de retenir deux systèmes constructifs : une par voie sèche et une par voie humide. La seconde étape consiste à tester ces méthodes de fabrication à grande échelle. Une campagne expérimentale sur des poutres de 8 m de long et des planchers de 8,15 m a donc débuté. Des essais de flexion 4 points en chargement quasi statique ont permis de caractériser le comportement mécanique de onze configurations de poutres. Les résultats confirment l'intérêt des sections hybrides dans la construction : gain de capacité portante et gain de rigidité. Le collage et le nouveau système de liaison sont donc des systèmes performants qui évitent tout glissement entre les matériaux. Les tests sur plancher montrent que comparer aux charges classiques en bâtiment, les panneaux ont une marge de sécurité vis-à-vis de l'état limite de service et de l'état limite ultime. La dernière étape se concentre sur l'étude d'un chargement cyclique des panneaux hybrides. Un essai de flexion 4 points est utilisé pour solliciter pendant un million de cycles les planchers entre 4 et 20 kN. Ces charges correspondent respectivement à un plancher déchargé avec le poids mort du carrelage, cloisons et faux-plafond et un plancher chargé avec des charges d'exploitation de bureaux. Après les essais cycliques, un test de résistance résiduelle est également effectué. En parallèle, une étude analytique pour modéliser le comportement mécanique instantané des structures hybrides est effectuée. Ce modèle analytique se base sur un calcul itératif en étudiant les déformations de la section et en équilibrant les forces internes. Le comportement mécanique de chaque matériau est pris en compte et notamment leur non-linéarité. Ce modèle développé en chargement statique a également été adapté pour prendre en considération le fluage des matériaux et ainsi obtenir le comportement différé des structures bois-béton / The objective of this project is to develop composite structures. These kinds of structures are made with wood, concrete, adhesive and rebar. The purpose is to take advantages of each material in order to improve the mechanical behavior of the hybrid structure. New bonding systems are proposed and studied to offer innovating solutions in Civil Engineering.The first part is dedicated to the study of the liaison between wood and concrete by gluing. An experimental analysis is done with push out tests in order to determine the best configurations to connect wood and concrete. Two constructive methods have been retained: a dry way and a humid way.The second step consists to test these methods of fabrication in real condition. An experimental campaign on beams and panels is launched with 4 points bending tests and under static loading to characterize the mechanical behavior of eleven beams. The interest of such hybrid sections is confirmed: gain of the bearing capacity and rigidity. The gluing and the new system of bonding are both performing and avoid slip between materials. Tests on panels show a security margin compared to classic loads in construction, for both limit states.The last stage of the thesis focuses on the study of cyclic loading of hybrid panels where 4 points bending test is used to load panels for one million cycles between 4 and 20 kN. These loads correspond respectively to the dead load on the unloaded panels and the panels loaded with regulatory live loads. After cyclic tests are performed, a bending test to the rupture is conducted.In parallel, an analytical study to model the instantaneous mechanical behavior of composite structure is proposed. This model is based on an iterative calculation by studying the deformation of the section and by equilibrating internal forces. The mechanical behavior of each material is takes into account with their non-linearity. This modelling is developed for static loads and was adapted to take in consideration creep of materials and thus obtain the differential behavior of wood-concrete structures

Esta dissertação relaciona algumas séries de trabalhos desenvolvidos ao longo dos últimos anos, de 2003 a 2008. Gravuras, instalações, fotografias, desenhos e ilustrações de livros são colocadas em diálogo. Na dissertação essas obras compõem uma única seqüência de oitenta e uma imagens. / This dissertation makes a bridge between a set of works developed throughout the past few years, from 2003 to 2008. They are engravings, collages, installations, photos, drawings and illustrations of books that intend to dialogue among themselves. In this dissertation the workks are presented as a single sequency of 81 images.

Les microsystèmes regroupent sur un même substrat des fonctions électroniques, mécaniques, optiques, chimiques ou biologiques et sont fabriqués par les procédés de la microélectronique. Leurs particularités géométriques les rendent extrêmement sensibles aux forces de surfaces qui peuvent conduire à leur collage définitif, notamment lors de l'étape de libération. Cette thèse porte sur la compréhension de ce phénomène. Pour cela une mesure des forces d'adh´esions entre deux surfaces de silicium en milieu liquide a été entreprise à l'aide d'un appareil de mesure des forces de surface et à l'aide de microstructures. L'impact de la tension de surface de différents liquides sur l'adhésion a été étudié. L'étude de la rugosification du silicium par gravure humide, caractérisée par microscope à force atomique ; et l'impact cette rugosité sur l'adhésion a également été menée. Enfin, un procédé industriel original de libération par voie humide sans démouillage des substrats a été développé.