Įsipareigojimas yra sudėtingas, įvairiai suprantamas ir patiriamas fenomenas. Darbe bandoma išsiaiškinti, kaip įsipareigojimus poroje supranta, patiria jauni suaugę, kurie patyrė tėvų skyrybas. Kitų šalių atliekami tyrimais rodo, jog suaugę skyrybų vaikai (toliau – SSV) išmoksta tokių elgesio modelių šeimoje, kurie neparemia poros abipusių intymių ryšių kūrimo. Pasak vienų autorių, SSV pasiekia savo ankstyvąją brandą, sunerimę dėl meilės, įsipareigojimų ir santuokos, nes bijo nesėkmės ir sužeidimo. Daugelis negali pradėti santykių, nes jų atstūmimo baimė tokia stipri, jog jie gali ilgus metus vengti artimų santykių.Tuo tarpu kiti teigia, jog SSV sukuria santuokas anksčiau nei jauni suaugę, kurių tėvai kartu gyvena. Šiame darbe buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti kaip tyrimo dalyviai patyrę tėvų skyrybas išgyvena įsipareigojimo patyrimą bei apibrėžti, kaip patiriamas ir suprantamas įsipareigojimas poros santykiuose, jaunų suaugusių, kurių tėvai išsiskyrę. Tyrime dalyvavo 8 tyrimo dalyviai (4 moterys, 4 vyrai), kurių aprašyti įsipareigojimo patyrimo išgyvenimai buvo analizuojami fenomenologinės analizės pagal A.Giorgi metodu. Iš 8 sudarytų specifinių situacinių įsipareigojimo patyrimo poros santykiuose apibrėžimų buvo suformuluotas galutinis bendras fenomeno apibrėžimas. Įsipareigojimo patyrimas apibrėžtas kaip procesas. Galutinis bendras apibrėžimas atskleidžia, kad įsipareigojimo patyrimas – psichologinė būsena, kai jausmų kaitoje priimami ir įgyvendinami sprendimai, siekiant santykių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The phenomenon of commitments is complex, variously perceived and experienced. In this study it is trying to explain how Adult Children of Divorce (ACOD) perceive and experience commitments in Couple Relations. Other countries researches show that ACOD have learned in the family the behaviour‘s models which do not support the development of reciprocal, close and intimate couple relations. According to some authors, ACOD reach their early adolescence with anxiety about love, commitments and marriage, because they are afraid of the failure and wounds. Most of them can not begin the relationships because the fear of alienation is so strong that they might avoid close relations for a long time. Whereas another authors say that ACOD take in marriages earlier than adult children from intact families. The goal of the present research is to reveal in what way the phenomenon is experienced by particular individuals and what is the unique experience of commitments in couple relations ACOD in each concrete case. Eight Adult Children of Divorce (4 women, 4men) who have the partners participated in the study. The method of phenomenological analysis of A.Giorgi was applied in the study. Eight specific situational definitions of the phenomenon were defined. The total final definition of the experience of commitment in Couples relationships of Adult Children of Divorce was formulated with the reference to these specific definitions. The experience of commitments in Couple’s Relations is... [to full text]

Thesis (M.Cur. (Community Health Nursing))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (M.Cur. (Community Health Nursing))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Relationship violence is a serious social problem. Given the prevalence and detrimental effects of relationship violence, much research has been undertaken to investigate the various risk factors that may be associated with this type of violence. In the present research, I examined the interrelationships among several correlates of violence (including rejection sensitivity, cognitive biases, decoding deficits and attachment style) in order to understand what differentiates physically abusive from non-abusive individuals. Hence, the current program of studies examined aggressive behaviours between partners with a focus on risk factors for violent behaviour in men and women and in particular on the role of rejection sensitivity in physically aggressive behaviour. In order to examine these constructs, the thesis includes six chapters. Following a review of the literature, a rationale was provided for the creation of an amended measure of rejection sensitivity as Downey and Feldman’s (1996) Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire was not suitable for the purposes of the current thesis. Hence, a series of validation studies were conducted in Chapter 2 to test and develop a revised measure of rejection sensitivity that would be applicable to a wider range of intimate relationships (dating, cohabiting and married) and contexts. The study reported in Chapter 3, investigated the role of rejection sensitivity, hostile attributions and attachment patterns in the etiology of intimate partner violence. This study provided preliminary support for insecure attachment and negative attributions as the link between expectations of rejection and intimate partner violence, with a stronger link for male-perpetrated violence compared to female-perpetrated violence. Consistent with the marital violence literature, when mediator and moderator relationships existed, these occurred predominantly in married relationships (as opposed to dating or defacto relationships). The studies reported in Chapters 4 and 5 built on the foundations of Chapter 3 by incorporating two constructs, the ‘overattribution bias’ and empathic accuracy into the investigation of the associations between rejection sensitivity and violence. Specifically, the study reported in Chapter 4 examined the decoding deficits and inferential biases of maritally-violent and maritally-violent rejection-sensitive men when interpreting their own partner’s messages whilst engaging in a laboratory-based decoding task. Overall, results showed that maritally-violent partner rejection-sensitive men were less accurate than were maritally non-violent partner rejection-sensitive men when interpreting their wives’ positive messages and more accurate when interpreting their wives’ negative messages. Likewise, maritally-violent rejection-sensitive men displayed an inferential bias to perceive their wives’ messages as being more negative, critical and rejecting in intent than did maritally non-violent rejection-sensitive men. In addition, maritally-violent men as a group were less accurate for their own partner’s positive and neutral messages than were maritally non-violent men and more accurate for their own wives’ negative messages than were maritally non-violent men. Finally, maritally-violent men tended to attribute their wives’ messages as being significantly more negative, critical and rejecting in intent than did maritally non-violent men. Overall, the data suggested that both rejection sensitivity and marital violence were key factors that were associated with married men’s decoding problems and biased interpretation of their own wives’ messages. In extending the previous findings, the study reported in Chapter 5 examined the decoding accuracy and inferential biases of both maritally-violent and maritally-violent rejection-sensitive men and women in relation to female strangers’ messages. There were no differences between maritally-violent rejection-sensitive women and maritally non-violent rejection-sensitive women on decoding deficits and inferential biases for female strangers. However, there was a trend for maritally-violent women to be more negatively biased than were maritally non-violent women when interpreting female strangers’ messages. Additionally, in contrast to the findings of Chapter 4, the data pointed to independent relationships among rejection sensitivity, violence and married men’s decoding deficits and biases for female strangers’ messages. In particular, there were no differences in decoding deficits or inferential biases between maritally violent rejection-sensitive and maritally non-violent rejection-sensitive men when decoding female strangers’ messages. Instead, the data revealed that maritally-violent men were poor decoders of female strangers’ positive messages compared to maritally non-violent men and maritally-violent women. In relation to negative messages, maritally-violent men were more accurate for female strangers’ negative messages than were maritally non-violent men. Maritally violent men had the highest decoding accuracy for negative messages. Maritally-violent men also tended to attribute female strangers’ messages as being significantly more negative, critical and rejecting in intent than did maritally non-violent men and maritally-violent women. Finally, the results showed that maritally-violent rejection-sensitive men’s decoding deficits and biases were relationship specific whereas maritally-violent men’s decoding deficits and cognitive biases were global deficits that extended to women other than the men’s wives. Implications of the findings were discussed, as well as the strengths and limitations of the study. The discussion concludes with implications for theory and practice and suggestions for future research.

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o processo de escolha pela vasectomia, sob referenciais teóricos psicanalíticos intersubjetivos e de gênero. Enquanto procedimento médico, a vasectomia é um método contraceptivo cirúrgico realizado em homens, de caráter definitivo. A eleição dessa temática justifica-se tanto pelo aumento crescente de realizações desta cirurgia no Brasil, quanto por ser uma intervenção que envolve o casal, na interface entre conjugalidade e parentalidade, aspecto pouco estudado na literatura. Consideramos como elementos presentes nessa escolha as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade referentes às diferenças de gênero, nos âmbitos familiar, no trabalho e nas relações sociais, bem como a transformação dos vínculos conjugais. De metodologia clínico-qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-dirigidas com dois casais, de faixa etária entre 31 a 37 anos (período de grande fertilidade feminina), que pretendiam realizar este procedimento cirúrgico. As entrevistas abordaram temas relacionados ao processo de escolha pelo método cirúrgico, dinâmica do casal e histórico familiar, atravessadas por questões sociais, geracionais e culturais. A complexidade do tema exigiu um recorte, fracionado em capítulos sobre as políticas públicas envolvidas no método contraceptivo, a questão da escolha do casal e a problemática de gênero. Concluiu-se que a escolha pela vasectomia para os casais analisados relacionou-se ao controle do número de filhos vinculado a questões sócio-econômicas. Além disso se apresentou associada a diferentes fantasias pertinentes à dinâmica vincular: projeção de uma vida sexual mais prazerosa, desatrelada da reprodução; manejo da reprodução associado ao controle e manutenção do vinculo. Por fim, levantou-se que a escolha pela vasectomia foi também resultante das políticas públicas vigentes voltadas para o método, além das questões de gênero. Verificou-se nos casais entrevistados que, embora a vasectomia seja efetivada no corpo do homem, a escolha por tal método está inserida no campo conjugal e implicada, portanto, nos aspectos interrelacionais e na sua dinâmica vincular / The aim of the research is to analyse the choice for undergoing a vasectomy procedure considering theoretical principles in intersubjective psychoanalysis and gender studies. From the medical point of view, the vasectomy is a contraceptive surgical procedure of irreversible character underwent by men. The choice for this subject is associated with the growing number of vasectomies carried out in Brazil and with the fact that it is a procedure that concerns the couple as a whole at the interface between conjugality and parenthood, an issue that deserves more study. The present study holds as elements intrinsic to this choice: changes in the society related to gender differences in the family, work environment and social relations, along with the shift in marital bonds. As for the clinical and qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews have been carried out with two couples between 31-37 years old (the period of major female fertility) who intended to undergo the vasectomy procedure. The interviews would address subjects related to the process of opting for the surgery, the dynamics of the couple and the family history combined with social, cultural and generation issues. Due to the complexity of the subject, the present dissertation is divided into chapters on the decisions the couple has to make, the problematic of gender and on public policies concerning contraceptive methods. It was concluded that the analysed couples decision for vasectomy is related to birth control connected with socio-economic issues. It is also related to different fantasies regarding the establishment of bonds: the hope for a more pleasant sexual life not linked to reproduction, and the management of reproduction associated with the control and maintenance of the relationship. Also, the choice for vasectomy was the result of the current public policies that aim for contraceptive methods, in addition to gender issues. It could be verified in the interviewed couples that, although the vasectomy procedure takes place in the male body, the choice for this contraceptive method belongs in the marital sphere and, thus, it is inherent both in interactional aspects of such a sphere and in the marital bond

Les travaux réalisés dans la thèse ont permis de développer une méthodologie permettant de réduire les ondulations de couple générées par un défaut statorique dans une machine synchrone avec aimants montés en surface. Deux types défaut ont été traités : le déséquilibre du bobinage statorique, illustré dans l’étude par un manque de spire, et un court- circuit entre spires. Les composantes harmoniques de couple générées par ces types de défaut ont été identifiées et nous avons déterminé la composante inverse de courant à injecter dans l’alimentation pour réduire la composante harmonique de couple principale, qui est à deux fois la fréquence d’alimentation. Deux approches ont été utilisées pour déterminer cette composante inverse de courant : une approche basée sur l’induction d’entrefer issue du calcul analytique prenant en compte l’effet magnétique des courants dans chaque encoche et une approche basée sur les vecteurs espaces flux et courant. Cette deuxième approche permet de mettre en œuvre le principe de correction avec une simulation matlab-simulink, qui donne des résultats probants, que la machine fonctionne en boucle ouverte commandée en fréquence, ou en autopilotée, insérée dans une boucle de régulation de vitesse. Nous avons également mis en œuvre les dispositifs expérimentaux permettant de valider l’étude théorique. Le banc utilisé comprend une machine synchrone à aimants et sa charge. La Machine synchrone est alimentée par un onduleur et commandée par un système dSPACE permettant de contrôler la composante inverse de courant et d’assurer l’autopilotage. Un accéléromètre correctement placé permet de mesurer les vibrations tangentielles, générées par les fluctuations de couple. Pour les deux types de défaut, la réduction de l’harmonique de vibrations tangentielles à deux fois la fréquence d’alimentation a été mise en évidence suite à l’injection d’une composante inverse de courant. Une bonne concordance apparait entre la théorie et l’expérimentation pour ce qui est de l’amplitude de la composante inverse. / The work carried out in this thesis consists in developing a methodology to reduce the torque ripples generated by a stator fault in a surface permanent magnet synchronous machine. Two faults have been treated: the unbalance of the stator winding, illustrated in the study by a lack of turns, and a stator inter-turns short-circuit. The harmonic torque components generated by the both faults have been identified and the inverse current component to be injected in the supply currents has been determined to reduce the main torque component, which is at twice the supply frequency. Two approaches have been used to determine this inverse current component: an approach based on the air gap flux density resulting from an analytical calculation taking into account the magnetic effect of the currents in each slot, and an approach based on the flux and current space phasor. This second approach makes it possible to implement the correction principle in matlab-simulink simulations. These simulations give convincing results whether the machine operates in a frequency-controlled open loop or in a vector control mode inserted in a speed control loop. Experimental tests have been realized to validate the theoretical study. The used test bench includes a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) coupled to a DC machine. The PMSM is powered by an inverter controlled by a dSPACE system able to tune the inverse current component and ensure the vector control. A properly positioned accelerometer is used to measure the tangential vibrations generated by torque fluctuations. For both faults, the reduction of the harmonic of tangential vibrations at twice the supply frequency was demonstrated by injection of an inverse current component. A good agreement between theory and experimentation in terms of the amplitude of the inverse component was obtained.

La réalité des personnes volontairement sans enfant intéresse de plus en plus les médias traditionnels. Les recherches en sciences sociales commencent à s’intéresser à la question, mais elles semblent mettre de côté la réalité des hommes dans cette situation. Dans la majorité des cas, c’est le point de vue des femmes volontairement sans enfant qui est exploré dans les recherches, les reportages ou le web, sur les childfree. Cette recherche qualitative propose un angle inédit jusqu’à maintenant en sociologie sur la question des hommes hétérosexuels qui prennent la décision de ne pas devenir pères. L’intention de cette recherche est de comprendre comment, en tant qu’hommes, ils négocient avec normes, toujours présentes, du faire famille.

The purpose of this essay is to examine the relation between reproductive rights and overpopulation. The main research question is whether the increase of the population size can affect the moral aspects of the reproductive rights. Relying on, and building upon arguments already developed by a number of philosophers, I show that although some restrictions might be justified, these restrictions cannot completely rule out the basic right to reproduction. Based on this, I then proceed with an overview of the possible solutions. In the subsequent discussion, a one-child-per-couple philosophy stands out as the best option. This would be morally justified according to the initial statements, as well as the most effective alternative when it comes to initiating a significant population decline. The one-child-per-couple philosophy is then contested by several problems that could theoretically arise, but none of these problems are, according to my discussion, strong enough to dispute the positive aspects of the theory. The conclusion of this essay is that we, as a species, have a moral obligation to limit our numbers and that we ought to start acting accordingly.

La majorité des véhicules routiers électriques sont équipés d’un réducteur à ratio fixe, situé entre le moteur électrique et les roues du véhicule, afin d’exploiter adéquatement la puissance mécanique du moteur de traction. L’utilisation de transmissions multi-rapports offre plusieurs avantages en termes de performance, d’efficacité, de masse et de coût du groupe motopropulseur, en permettant un sous-dimensionnement du couple maximal produit par le moteur de traction. Toutefois, cela requiert l’utilisation d’une transmission peu coûteuse, robuste, et ayant une efficacité et une qualité de conduite similaire au réducteur à ratio fixe, c’est-à-dire une non-interruption de couple lors des changements de rapports. Également, la caractéristique des moteurs électriques à révolutionner à plus haute vitesse de rotation comparativement aux moteurs thermiques amène une problématique de gestion de l’énergie cinétique stockée dans le rotor du moteur lors des changements de rapports. Les transmissions et les embrayages à friction conventionnels ne possèdent pas l’ensemble des caractéristiques recherchées pour permettre leur utilisation dans les véhicules électriques. Ce projet de maîtrise, mené conjointement avec celui de Gabriel Pouliot, porte sur la conception et la validation expérimentale d’une transmission manuelle automatisée sans interruption de couple, employant un embrayage de transfert à courants de Foucault hautement contrôlable et sans usure. Un modèle analytique de véhicule de type «backward-facing» a permis de quantifier la consommation énergétique de plusieurs topologies de transmission sur des cycles routiers normalisés, afin de démontrer l’avantage d’utiliser une transmission multi-rapports sur l’efficacité globale du groupe motopropulseur. Un prototype d’embrayage de transfert à courants de Foucault a été conçu et intégré à une transmission manuelle automatisée à deux rapports pour un véhicule électrique de 80kW. Les modèles analytiques ont démontré qu’une transmission à deux rapports améliore l’efficacité du groupe motopropulseur de 7.2% pour un véhicule compact tel que la Nissan Leaf. De plus, l’utilisation de deux rapports permet de sous-dimensionner le moteur électrique, ce qui a pour effet de réduire le coût et la masse du groupe motopropulseur par 23.1% et 15.6%, respectivement. L’embrayage à courants de Foucault a été caractérisé expérimentalement et ses performances en couple maximal corroborent les modèles analytiques par moins de 6%. Le prototype de transmission a réalisé un changement de vitesse sans interruption de couple sur banc d’essai, ce qui démontre la viabilité d’utiliser un embrayage à courants de Foucault à l’intérieur d’une transmission manuelle automatisée pour les véhicules électriques.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a demanding cancer treatment for HSCT recipients and their caregivers. The thesis objectives were to (a) critically review the literature evaluating the psychosocial impact of being a caregiver to a HSCT patient; (b) evaluate a conceptual framework to examine the individual and dyadic experience of HSCT patients and their caregivers; and (c) gain a better understanding of how couples navigate the HSCT. Study 1 was a comprehensive literature review that demonstrated that caregiver distress is highest pre-HSCT and predictors of caregiver distress include female gender, elevated subjective burden, and higher patient symptom distress. This study also highlighted the need for theoretically driven research that examines reciprocal relationships between HSCT dyads. Study 2 proposed a conceptual model based on equity theory to examine the individual and dyadic experience of HSCT dyads that includes feelings of inequity, patient self-perceived burden (SPB), caregiver burden and distress. A cohort study with 72 HSCT patient-spousal caregiver dyads was conducted pre-HSCT. Questionnaire data was subjected to path analysis. Consistent with the model, pre-HSCT caregiver burden mediated the relationship between caregiver underbenefit and caregiver distress. Patient overbenefit was related to patient SPB, patient distress, and caregiver burden. Overall, the theoretical framework appeared to describe patient and caregivers individual experience of distress pre-HSCT, but did not as clearly encompass the dyadic experience of distress. Study 3 was a qualitative study of patient-caregiver dyads to gain insight on how some successfully navigate, whereas others have difficulties. One year post-HSCT five patient-caregiver dyads were interviewed separately (N =10). Five themes emerged. While all couples adopted patient and caregiver roles, four demonstrated effective adaptation whereas one couple experienced difficulties. Ongoing physical limitations, lack of mutual empathy and relational awareness, limited social support, and poor communication were associated with difficulty adjusting to the HSCT. This thesis provides a greater appreciation of the psychosocial challenges the patients and caregivers are experiencing and highlights that the experience of HSCT recipients and caregivers is unique and intertwined. Importantly, this thesis identifies current knowledge gaps in care of HSCT dyad, discusses its clinical implications and suggests avenues for future research.