The Coronavirus pandemic changed the normal lives across the country as strategies for mitigating the spread of the virus were put in place. Daily life was moved to a virtual setting as much as possible and typical mobility purposes changed or were eliminated. Shared transportation ridership declined dramatically in response to the pandemic, with reported drops of up to 90% across the United States. Mobility providers were tasked with determining strategies to encourage ridership during the risky time. The main research question that was explored in this study was, "What is the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic on public transit and micromobility ridership?" The study aimed to determine important factors that potential riders considered and emphasized in their decision making. The research approach was to use a custom-developed stated preference survey. The survey collected opinions about public transit and micromobility ridership during and emerging from the Coronavirus pandemic. The study focused on Blacksburg, VA as it has both public transit and micromobility services. Personal characteristics and stated important factors that influenced potential rider decisions were determined to understand what is most important to potential riders. Mobility providers can use these findings to better address rider concerns and make informed decisions on provided service. Therefore, encouraging an increase in shared transportation ridership. / Master of Science / The Coronavirus pandemic changed the normal lives across the country as strategies for mitigating the spread of the virus were put in place. Daily life was moved to a virtual setting as much as possible and typical mobility purposes changed or were eliminated. Shared transportation ridership declined dramatically in response to the pandemic, with reported drops of up to 90% across the United States. Mobility providers were tasked with determining strategies to encourage ridership during the risky time. The main research question that was explored in this study was, "What is the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic on public transit and micromobility ridership?" The study aimed to determine important factors that potential riders considered and emphasized in their decision making. The research approach was to use a custom developed stated preference survey. The survey collected opinions about public transit and micromobility ridership during and emerging from the Coronavirus pandemic. The study focused on Blacksburg, VA as it has both public transit and micromobility services. Factors that influenced potential rider decisions were determined. Mobility providers can use these factors to better address rider concerns and make informed decisions on provided service.

Thèse ou mémoire avec insertion d'articles / La pandémie de COVID-19 a suscité d'intenses efforts de vaccination pour neutraliser le SRAS-CoV-2 en réduisant la transmission et la mortalité. Cependant, la variabilité génétique de la cible vaccinale a conduit à l'émergence de variants échappant à la protection vaccinale. Des vaccins novateurs ciblant des régions virales conservées sont cruciaux pour une protection élargie. Plutôt qu'être axée sur la neutralisation, cette stratégie pourrait immédiatement contrôler l'inflammation, la maladie grave et la mortalité liées aux variants. En réponse à ce besoin, nous avons développé le vaccin PapMV-N en couplant la protéine N hautement conservée du SRAS-CoV-2 à la plateforme des nanoparticules de PapMV. PapMV-N vise à induire une réponse protectrice à spectre élargi via la stimulation des lymphocytes T cytotoxiques de type Th1. Nous avons comparé PapMV-N à deux autres formulations générant des réponses Th1 (CpG-N) et Th2 (Alum-N). Après deux injections chez la souris, PapMV-N a induit les titres d'anticorps associés à Th1 les plus élevés, tandis qu'Alum-N a induit les titres d'anticorps associés à Th2 les plus élevés. De plus, CpG-N a entraîné la fréquence la plus élevée de cellules T sécrétrices d'IFN-γ spécifiques de l'antigène. Nous avons évalué les effets protecteurs chez des souris transgéniques K18-hACE2 après deux doses, suivies d'une exposition au SRAS-CoV-2 ancestral. Toutes les formulations contenant l'antigène N ont réduit l'inflammation et les cytokines pro-inflammatoires dans les poumons. Une tendance distincte est apparue dans le cerveau : les vaccins de type Th1 ont entraîné des titres viraux réduits et une réduction des symptômes, tandis que les souris vaccinées avec Alum-N de type Th2 ont présenté des titres cérébraux élevés et des symptômes graves. L'étude souligne la protéine N comme cible hautement immunogène et PapMV-N comme vaccin prometteur. De plus, elle éclaire l'importance du profil immunitaire Th1/Th2 induit par le vaccin dans la protection contre le SRAS-CoV-2. / The COVID-19 pandemic prompted intensive vaccine efforts to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus, reducing transmission and mortality. However, the genetic variability of the vaccines' target has led to the emergence of variants that evade vaccine protection. Innovative vaccines targeting conserved viral regions are crucial for broader variant protection. This strategy, rather than focusing on neutralization, could serve as an immediate tool to control inflammation, severe disease and death until strain-specific vaccines are available. To address this, we developed the PapMV-N vaccine by coupling the highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein to the PapMV nanoparticle vaccine platform. PapMV-N aims at inducing a broad protective Th1-type cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. We compared PapMV-N's performance in mice immunogenicity tests to two vaccine formulations generating Th1 (CpG-N) and Th2 (Alum-N) responses. After two injections, PapMV-N yielded the highest Th1-associated antibody titers, while Alum-N induced the highest Th2-associated antibody titers. Additionally, CpG-N prompted the highest frequency of IFN-γ-producing antigen-specific T cells. We assessed protective effects in transgenic K18-hACE2 mice after two doses, followed by exposure to ancestral SARS-CoV-2. All N antigen-containing formulations reduced inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the lungs. Interestingly, a distinct trend emerged in the brain: Th1-type vaccines resulted in reduced viral titers and absence of symptoms, whereas Th2-type Alum-N vaccinated mice exhibited elevated brain titers and severe symptoms. This study highlights the N protein as a highly immunogenic vaccine target and positions PapMV-N as a promising vaccine candidate. Moreover, this study sheds light on the significance of the vaccine-induced Th1/Th2 immune response profile in SARS-CoV-2 protection.

The covid-19 pandemic broke out in Sweden in March 2020 and what followed were economic uncertainty, restrictions and social distancing. This study is inspired by two publications regarding the subject of auditing during the covid-19 pandemic. The first one is a report published by the Financial Reporting Council (2020) and the other is a scientific publication by Albitar et al. (2021). Using these publications, seven areas have in this study been created. These are, evaluation of risk, materiality, going concern, auditing evidence, the work process, human capital and, audit fees and working hours. The purpose of the study is to use the different areas as benchmarks to examine how the covid-19 pandemic has affected the auditors, whether they’ve had to change part of their work and whether these changes could mean any implications for the future of auditing. The study is qualitative and interviews with ten auditors from different big-four companies have been conducted. The study shows that the digitization process that had started a few years prior was helpful for the auditors. Especially with regards to collection of audit evidence. The auditors were prepared whilst not knowing what to be prepared for. However, the study also shows that creating team spirit, building client and colleague relationships and training of new employees have been more difficult during the pandemic. From the study we project that the digitalization and working-from-home approach will have a sustained impact on the future of the profession. Time efficient digital meetings will be implemented to a higher degree and the flexibility of from where employees can work will increase. / Covid-19 pandemin bröt ut ordentligt i Sverige under mars 2020 och med detta följde bland annat restriktioner, social distansering och ekonomisk osäkerhet. Denna studie utgår från en rapport av Financial Reporting Council som publicerades i mars 2020 och en vetenskaplig artikel av Albitar et al. (2021). Med utgångspunkt i dessa två publikationer har sju områden skapats.  Dessa är riskbedömning, väsentlighet, fortsatt drift, revisionsbevis, arbetsprocessen, det mänskliga kapitalet samt arvoden och arbetstimmar. Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån dessa sju områden undersöka hur covid-19 pandemin har påverkat revisorerna, om deras arbetssätt har behövt förändras och vilka implikationer dessa förändringar kan ha för framtiden.  Studien är av kvalitativt slag där semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med tio olika svenska revisorer från big four bolag. Utifrån studiens resultat kan det konstateras att den digitaliseringsprocess som inletts under tidigare år, speciellt med hänsyn till insamling av revisionsbevis var till stor hjälp. Revisorerna var förberedda utan att veta vad som skulle förberedas och utifrån förutsättningarna har revisionskvaliteten till stor grad kunnat bibehållits. Studien visar dock på att lagsammanhållning och byggandet av kundrelationer har varit svårt att bevara när allt skett på distans och utbildning av nyanställda har varit tuffare. Utifrån studien tros digitaliseringen och distansarbetet som covid-19 pandemin medfört ha en inverkan på yrket i framtiden. Mer tidseffektiva digitala möten kommer implementeras och flexibiliteten i var arbetet kan utföras kommer öka.

HausärztInnen sind für die Primärversorgung von PatientInnen mit COVID-19 zuständig. Zum Zeitpunkt der Planung und Durchführung dieser Studie ließen sie kaum Untersuchungen zu den Erfahrungen von HausärztInnen während der ersten Pandemiewelle finden. Das Ziel der Arbeit war, durch eine qualitative Datenerhebung Einblicke zu gewinnen, wie HausärztInnen die ersten Monate der COVID-19-Pandemie erlebt haben. Die Untersuchung war Teil einer übergeordneten Querschnittsstudie, in der Erhebungen mit strukturierten Fragebögen und qualitativen Befragungen stattfanden. Für den qualitativen Abschnitt wurden semistrukturierte Interviews mit 22 HausärztInnen aus vier Bundesländern durchgeführt. Die Einladung zur Teilnahme erfolgte mit der Aussendung von Fragebögen im Rahmen der quantitativen Datenerhebung. Die Daten wurden anhand der inhaltlich strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz ausgewertet. In der Studie zeigte sich, dass HausärztInnen ihr Praxismanagement und ihre PatientInnenversorgung in der Pandemie rasch umstrukturieren mussten. Mangel an Schutzmaterialien, die Trennung infektiöser PatientInnen und schnell wechselnde Vorgaben wurden als große Herausforderungen identifiziert. In den Interviews wurden außerdem Bedenken über die Folgen der sozialen Distanzierung auf die therapeutische Beziehung geäußert. Teamarbeit in der Praxis und kollegialer Austausch in Gemeinschaftspraxen stellten besonders wichtige Faktoren dar, um die zahlreichen Herausforderungen zu überwinden. Die Teilnehmenden nahmen sich selbst als Vorbilder mit einer hohen Verantwortung für die Gesundheit ihrer PatientInnen wahr.. Sie betonten die Relevanz von klaren und konsistenten Regelungen durch den öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst sowie von zuverlässigen Informationen. Um die hausärztliche Versorgung in zukünftigen Pandemien zu unterstützen, sollten bürokratische Hürden so weit wie möglich reduziert und verständliche Informationen bereitgestellt werden. Da HausärztInnen eine zentrale Rolle in der Beratung und Therapie von PatientInnen mit COVID-19 spielten, erscheint deren konsistente Einbeziehung in Entscheidungsprozesse durch Institutionen des öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes von besonderer Wichtigkeit. / General practitioners (GPs) are responsible for providing primary care for patients with COVID-19. At the time of planning and conducting this study, little was known about the experiences of GPs during the first wave of the pandemic. In this qualitative study, the aim was to gain insight into GPs’ experiences of the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The investigation was part of a cross-sectional study, using questionnaires and qualitative interviews. In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 GPs from four federal states. The participants were invited to participate by sending out the quantitative surveys. Data was analysed using Kuckartz’s qualitative structuring content analysis. The study showed that GPs had to quickly restructure their practice routines and patient care during the pandemic. Lack of personal protective equipment, separation of infectious patients and rapidly changing guidelines were identified as major barriers. In the interviews, GPs expressed concerns about how social distancing might affect the therapeutic relationship. Teamwork in the practice and collegial exchange were important factors in overcoming numerous challenges. The participants perceived themselves as role models with a high responsibility for the health of their patients. They stressed the relevance of clear and consistent guidance by health authorities and reliable information. To support primary care in future health crises, bureaucratic hurdles should be reduced as much as possible and clear information should be provided. As GPs played a key role in providing care for patients with COVID-19, their consistent involvement in decision-making processes from health authorities seems particularly important.

Ponente: Julio Corcuera Portugal, Viceministro de seguridad pública - Perú / Ciberdelitos y amenazas del internet en la nueva normalidad

Magister Enrique Chávez Gurmendi. CEO y Socio fundador de Compensation Outsourcing SAC - COMPENSA Ejecutivo Senior, Consultor del Banco Mundial, Consultor del BID, graduado como Magister en Administración de Empresas, graduado como Ingeniero Industrial y con estudios de Post Grado en Administración y Organización en la Universidad de Piura, Universidad del Pacífico y en la Universidad ESAN. Más de 35 años de carrera profesional gerencial en gestión humana y en específico en gestión de compensaciones en más de 300 organizaciones del sector privado y público de primer nivel, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Contratado por la PCM para la consultoría de la Ley de Remuneraciones del Sector Público y para la consultoría de Rediseño Organizacional. Docente en cursos de Post Grado en Compensaciones y de Gestión de Capital Humano para las principales Universidades del Perú como la UPC, Universidad de Lima, CENTRUM, ESAN, UPN, UPCH, USAT, UPAGU y la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Cargos gerenciales en gestión de personas y en compensaciones, en importantes empresas de nuestro medio, como Goodyear del Perú, Servicios Ejecutivos Internacionales, Textil San Cristobal, Embotelladora Coca Cola, Alicorp, Minera Barrick y el Grupo Wong. CEO Fundador de Compensation Outsourcing SAC – COMPENSA y CEO Fundador de Gestión Humana y Organizacional SAC – GHO.

Ciclo de conferencias con ponentes de reconocidas empresas, quienes compartirán sus conocimientos sobre la Transformación de Recursos Humanos en contextos de Agilidad Organizacional.

Ciclo de conferencias con ponentes de reconocidas empresas, quienes compartirán sus conocimientos sobre la Transformación de Recursos Humanos en contextos de Agilidad Organizacional.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de estrés, depresión y ansiedad en adultos de Lima Metropolitana y Callao durante el estado de emergencia por la pandemia del COVID-19 Diseño: El tipo de estudio que se va a realizar es transversal. Se explorará si existe el riesgo de presentar mayor riesgo de síntomas de estrés, depresión y ansiedad durante el estado de emergencia por la pandemia del COVID-19, en relación a lo esperado de acuerdo a data histórica.

Como se impactan los Activos Intangibles y sus implicancias financieras bajo el Covid 19