Submitted by Diego Laurindo Avancine (avancine7@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-26T21:44:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Diego L Avancine - Espaços de coworking como intermediadores sociais - 2018.pdf: 9471611 bytes, checksum: b31c2687d695ff7b8511ae3e8d99958b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Nunes Ferreira (debora.nunes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-27T18:20:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Diego L Avancine - Espaços de coworking como intermediadores sociais - 2018.pdf: 9471611 bytes, checksum: b31c2687d695ff7b8511ae3e8d99958b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-28T13:43:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Diego L Avancine - Espaços de coworking como intermediadores sociais - 2018.pdf: 9471611 bytes, checksum: b31c2687d695ff7b8511ae3e8d99958b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T13:43:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Diego L Avancine - Espaços de coworking como intermediadores sociais - 2018.pdf: 9471611 bytes, checksum: b31c2687d695ff7b8511ae3e8d99958b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / O empreendedorismo como atividade pode ser visto com uma ação de mobilização de recursos, que promove a interação entre diferentes atores, de modo a possibilitar o acesso a recursos e pessoas. Neste aspecto, a literatura acadêmica em redes em empreendedorismo teve poucos avanços no estudo da formação e manutenção de redes de relacionamento em empreendedorismo. Aliado a esta realidade surge no cenário empreendedor o fenômeno dos espaços de coworking. Estes locais tiveram sua consolidação e utilização deste termo a partir do ano de 2005 e, no ano de 2011, já contavam com mais de 700 coworkings inaugurados mundialmente – na época 16 no Brasil (DESMAG, 2011). Tratam-se de espaços compartilhados de trabalho, que podem ser alugados de maneira diária, semanal ou mensal e que, muitas vezes, possibilitam a interação com colegas de espaço e atores externos. A literatura sobre o tema identifica que o desenvolvimento de interação nestes espaços pode ter como finalidade a interação social com o objetivo de geração de negócios e, inclusive, que desenvolva características de comunidade nos seus espaços. Como reflexo dessas características, os espaços de coworking passaram a ser reconhecidos como espaços colaborativos com capacidade para agregar atores diferentes e, também, posicionar-se como polos de conexões de empreendedores. Tendo isso em vista, muitos espaços de coworking utilizam-se de atividades diversas de estimulo a interação de seus clientes e outros atores. Com base no recente contexto do ambiente empreendedor explicitado e o seu potencial como gerador de interações entre empreendedores, fez-se importante analisar o papel dos espaços coworking no desenvolvimento de interações de empreendedores de startup e se a colaboração e interação destes espaços podem ser vistas como naturais. Para atingir estes objetivos de pesquisa foram realizadas 29 entrevistas semi estruturadas com empreendedores de startup, gestores de coworking e gestores de aceleradoras de negócio da cidade de São Paulo. Teve-se como base metodológica a etnometodologia, apoiando-se em uma perspectiva interpretativista que busca entender os fenômenos organizacionais como produtos da interação social. Este estudo possibilitou identificar diferentes formatos de espaços de coworking, aprofundar o conhecimento das técnicas de estímulos à interação desses, além de apresentar detalhadamente o ambiente empreendedor. Esta pesquisa concluiu que os espaços de coworking que se posicionam como locais de referência de empreendedores de startup atuam como intermediadores de relações de interação entre colegas empreendedores e atores diversos. Estes espaços, muitas vezes, usam da necessidade de conexão de empreendedores de startup para oferecer serviços diversos de intermediação e, podem inclusive, criar modelos específicos para lucrar com isso. Nota-se, ademais, que as interações nestes ambientes são estimuladas pelos gestores destes espaços de maneira seletiva e com propósitos instrumentais de desenvolvimento do negócio de seus clientes e, portanto, não podem ser vistas como naturais. Os espaços de coworking podem, assim, tornar-se apenas ‘meios’ para uma prestação de serviço específica e não demonstrar características de colaboração entre seus membros. Espera-se que os resultados dessa pesquisa auxiliem no avanço de pesquisas ‘de dentro’ de redes em empreendedorismo e de coworking e estimule novos estudos sobre o tema. / Entrepreneurship as an activity is an action of resources mobilization, that promotes de interaction with different actors in order to provide access to resources and people. The academic literature of networks in entrepreneurship had little progress in the study of formation and maintenance of relationship networks in entrepreneurship. Allied to this reality emerges in the entrepreneur scenario the phenomenon of the spaces of coworking. These sites had their consolidation and use of this term as of 2005 and in 2011 they already had more than 700 coworkings inaugurated worldwide - at the time 16 in Brazil (DESMAG, 2011). These are shared work spaces, which can be rented on a daily, weekly or monthly basis, which often allow interaction with space colleagues and external actors. The literature on the subject identifies that the development of interaction in these spaces can have as purpose of social interaction with the objective of generation of businesses and, even, that develops characteristics of community in their spaces. As a reflection of these characteristics, the spaces of coworking began to be recognized as collaborative spaces with the capacity to aggregate different actors and, also, to position itself as a pole of connections of entrepreneurs. With this in view, many coworking spaces use various activities to stimulate the interaction of their clients and other actors. Thus, in this recent and potential as generator of interactions among entrepreneurs, it has become important to analyze if coworking spaces help entrepreneurs of startup in the development of interactions with new networks of relationship and if the collaboration and interaction of these spaces can be seen as organic and natural. To achieve these research goals, 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with startup entrepreneurs, coworking managers and business accelerator managers from the city of São Paulo. Methodological basis was ethnomethodology, based on an interpretative perspective that seeks to understand organizational phenomena as products of social interaction. This study made it possible to identify different formats of coworking spaces, to deepen the knowledge of the techniques of stimuli to the interaction of its managers, besides presenting in detail the entrepreneurial environment. This research concludes that coworking spaces that position themselves as reference sites for startup entrepreneurs act as intermediaries of interaction relationships between entrepreneurial peers and diverse actors, such as business accelerators, suppliers, investors and others. These spaces often use the startup entrepreneur's connection need to offer a variety of intermediary services, and may even create specific models to profit from it. It is also noted that the interactions in these environments are stimulated by its managers selectively and with instrumental purposes of developing their clients' business, and therefore can not be seen as natural. Coworking spaces can thus become just ‘means’ for a specific service delivery and do not demonstrate collaboration characteristics among its members. It is hoped that the results of this research will assist in the advancement of research ‘from within’ networks in entrepreneurship and coworking and stimulate new studies on the subject.

This thesis investigates whether the phenomenon of companies that seek to disrupt markets through innovation play a role in the rise of coworking spaces. The city of Cape Town in South Africa was selected as the location for this study due to an increase in the establishment of coworking spaces and the appearance of the aforementioned phenomenon. The premise for this thesis is based on the demands for commercial real estate, which has changed as a result of the implementation of new technologies and the sharing economy. This change is argued to have altered the way companies utilise working environments which, in turn, amended the requirements of these companies. The study seeks to establish whether coworking spaces serve as adequate supply to these demands or whether the increase in the establishment of coworking spaces is unaffiliated. Grounded theory was used as the research method in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven respondents that were all active founders of coworking spaces at the time of the study. Additional documentary evidence was collected in cases where it was available. An analysis of the responses indicates that there is a strong relationship correlation between the rise of disruptive innovation and the increase in available coworking spaces. This relationship correlation was based on the value that flexibility, affordability and community facilitation held for companies that associate with disruptive innovation. These companies were mainly start-ups, skunkworks teams, research and development departments and other forms of companies that primarily work within the industry of technology. Limitations to the study included that additional documentary evidence was limited due to poor record-keeping of active memberships by coworking space operators, in addition to restrictions that were placed on accessing company information such as revenue statements. The research findings provide academic support and market-related evidence to developers and investors within the real estate sector that could enable them to make more informed decisions relating to the supply of coworking spaces. Moreover, the findings shed light on the general views shared by the founders of the coworking spaces. These views should provide insight to those interested in the industry, and more specifically within the Cape Town region.

La globalizzazione e i cambiamenti tecnologici hanno portato a importanti trasformazioni nel mercato del lavoro. Questi cambiamenti enfatizzano le dimensioni democratiche e collaborative del lavoro e si basano su processi di lavoro simultanei, multidirezionali e reciproci, in contrapposizione alle forme di lavoro e organizzazione che si realizzano attraverso una consolidata divisione del lavoro, comunità e sistemi formali e informali di regole altamente definiti. Il coworking sta emergendo in questo attuale scenario sociale e organizzativo come componente chiave delle trasformazioni. Compare come fenomeno emergente nei primi anni del 2000, sottolineando il suo potenziale collaborativo nella promozione dei cambiamenti sociali nel mercato del lavoro e promuovendo valori quali l'accessibilità, l'apertura, la sostenibilità, la creazione di comunità e la collaborazione. Questa tesi è incentrata sull'analisi qualitativa di spazi di coworking in Italia. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è quello di mettere in discussione e di discutere criticamente potenzialità e vantaggi del coworking. Attraverso l'utilizzo di un approccio critico, la tesi offre una comprensione articolata del coworking e discute le sfide e i rischi del fenomeno e della sua potenziale evoluzione. Nella tesi si fa riferimento all'approccio teorico dell'Activity Theory e viene si presentano i due studi qualitativi per l'analisi del coworking, attraverso cui si giunge alla presentazione di una tipologia di coworking e all'individuazione di tensioni storiche e contraddizioni locali che caratterizzano il fenomeno nella sua evoluzione. / In recent decades, globalization and technological changes have brought about important transformations in the labor market. These changes emphasize the democratic and collaborative dimensions of labor, and they are based on simultaneous, multi-directional, and reciprocal work as opposed to forms that take place in organizations with an established division of labor, demarcated communities, and formal and informal sets of rules. Coworking has been emerging in this current social and organizational scenario as a key component of the unfolding transformations. It started in the early years of the 2000s, emphasizing its collaborative potential in promoting social changes in the labor market and promoting values related to accessibility, openness, sustainability, community, and collaboration (Kwiatkowsky, 2011). This thesis is focused on the analysis of the kinds of spaces that are defined as coworking spaces and that, generally speaking, are said to be focused on the promotion of a collaborative approach to work. The aim of this work was to question and critically discuss various potentials and benefits of coworking. by evaluating coworking from a critical perspective, the dissertation offers an articulated understanding of coworking and discusses the challenges and risks of coworking and its potential evolution. In order to provide a foundation for fruitful discussion of the logic of the thesis that can be supported by the theoretical framework, the idea of moving from the history of coworking to its classification and to its dynamic contradictions is implemented. Given these premises, in the thesis, I problematize coworking using the Activity Theory approach in an effort to counter the optimistic views, which are emphasized in the existing literature. In the dissertation, a sequential, qualitative and mixed-methods research design is proposed that is aimed at improving the available information concerning coworking and enhancing the understanding of its implications, contradictions, potentials, and risks that coworking presents as a way of work and organization inside the current complex and quickly developing social and labour market.

El presente estudio se ha realizado a partir de diferentes investigaciones enfocadas en las nuevas perspectivas en el diseño de espacios de trabajo y su relación con la productividad. El criterio de selección del corpus analizado gira en torno a la pertinencia del tema y la fecha de publicación de las fuentes, las cuales datan del 2015 al 2020 debido a que es necesario que la información estudiada sea la más relevante y vigente. A partir de ello, se han formulado cuatro objetivos específicos que engloban y apoyan los argumentos planteados en la investigación. El primero es determinar las diferencias que existen en el uso de los conceptos asociados con el análisis de los espacios de trabajo por parte de los autores consultados. En segundo lugar, se pretende presentar los diferentes enfoques que empresas y usuarios independientes en países altamente industrializados le dan al espacio de trabajo y cómo estos influyen en sus actividades. Luego de ello, se busca identificar el comportamiento de los trabajadores con respecto a sus espacios de trabajo a partir de las variables etaria, generacional y de género, y el impacto que tienen sobre su rendimiento laboral. Finalmente, los autores procuran establecer la conexión que ellos encuentran entre los espacios de trabajo y la productividad de las empresas. Por otra parte, la principal conclusión a la que llega este artículo es que no existe un consenso definitivo entre los autores, pues mientras que para un grupo de investigadores los cambios en el diseño de los espacios de trabajo mejoran la productividad de los colaboradores, otros refieren que estos espacios pueden deshumanizar y perjudicar la productividad empresarial. Asimismo, se debe considerar que los espacios de trabajo se han ido adaptando a las nuevas necesidades de los colaboradores para ser más productivos y crecer profesionalmente, y a las nuevas expectativas que tienen las empresas con respecto a ello. / This paper has been carried out from different research focused on new perspectives in the design of working spaces and their relationship with productivity. The selection criteria of the corpus of analysis implies the relevance of the topic and the date of publication of the sources: publications in the period 2015 - 2020. Based on this, four specific objectives have been formulated that support the arguments raised in the research. First, determining the differences that exist in the use of the concepts associated with the analysis of the working spaces by the analyzed authors. Second, it will contrast the different approaches that companies adopt in highly industrialized countries with respect to the working space that improve the activities of their users. After that, it is sought to identify the behavior of workers regarding to their working spaces based on the variables: age, generation and gender, and the impact these have on their work performance. Finally, it is looking to propose the relationship that the authors attribute to the working spaces on the productivity of the companies. The main conclusion reached by this paper establishes that there is no clear consensus among the authors: whereas for a group of researchers the changes in the design of working spaces improve the productivity of users, others refer that these spaces can dehumanize and harm business productivity. Besides, it is important to consider that the working spaces have been adapting to the new requirements that the users look to be more productive and get better opportunities in laboral promotions. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The thesis deals with the design of a new synagogue in Opava. The location is defined on the site of a former synagogue near the city behind no longer existing city walls, as was typical for the location of Jewish communities. The site of the original fortification is now largely taken by a strip of urban orchards, with the historic building of the Breda department store as the imaginary ending. The fact that the intended location adjoins these orchards played an important role in the design proposal. Another important factor entering the design proposal was the surrounding block of flats. From these input factors, the concept of arranging the territory was created, resulting in creating a semi-open block towards the green circular belt, in which the solitary building of the new synagogue is located in its central location. The building of the community center completing the existing block of flats forms rather the background for this synagogue. The concept of the synagogue building itself did not result from a particular symbol, but rather from abstraction that I perceive as typical of religious belief, because even the Holy Scripture is merely an interpretation of certain events that everyone can imagine differently when reading or interpreting them. The object of the synagogue is thus levitated in a cloud changing according to the angle of view. It is more or less obvious – is or is not. The overlap of the designed building resides in the further placement of the columns forming the cloud at important points of the city. On the pillars we can find Jewish verses in both languages, which font becomes bright after dark.

Map app Flow is here to ease the process of finding appropriate places for remote working - mostly through shared experience of other users.

L’évolution des environnements de travail, tant par leurs configurations que par la valorisation de certains modes de travail, s’est caractérisée dans chacune des tendances depuis l’ère industrielle. Actuellement, l’aire ouverte compose l’aménagement de ces espaces corporatifs, où la tendance se définit comme étant collaborative. Or, le contrôle de l’environnement peut influencer positivement la satisfaction des travailleurs, mais demeure difficile à adopter à travers un aménagement ouvert et partagé. Ainsi, cette recherche tend à vérifier l’importance des concepts découlant du contrôle de l’environnement de travail, par exemple la collaboration, la privacité, l’individualisation du confort, l’appropriation, la territorialité ainsi que la personnalisation, dans un type d’environnement de travail précis : l’espace de cotravail. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de mettre en relation la satisfaction des travailleurs issus des générations X et Y avec leurs perceptions quant à l’importance du contrôle de leur environnement de travail. L’approche méthodologique de cette recherche est composée de l’élaboration du cadre théorique ainsi que d’une collecte de données ramifiée par trois entrevues menées auprès de spécialistes, d’un questionnaire complété par des travailleurs louant un abonnement dans un espace de cotravail ainsi que deux activités d’observation menées dans ce même environnement. Une analyse des données a été réalisée par une triangulation des résultats, autant pour les données empiriques recueillies dans le cadre théorique que par les trois outils de cueillette. Les résultats de cette étude tendent à montrer que la demande pour les espaces collaboratifs ne correspond pas aux réels besoins des travailleurs. Par contre, une forte importance face au contrôle individualisé du confort, de l’adaptabilité des composants de l’espace ainsi que des modes et des méthodes de travail s’est démarquée à travers les concepts étudiés dans cette recherche. Plusieurs conclusions peuvent en être tirées, notamment la considération des ratios relatifs aux cinq modes de travail (e.g. le focus, la collaboration et la socialisation) lors de la configuration de l’espace ainsi que la conception d’aménagements flexibles où le contrôle individualisé peut être aisément adopté. / The evolution of work environments, both in their configurations and in the enhancement of certain work modes, has been characterized in each trends since the industrial era. Currently, the open space makes up the layout of these corporate spaces, where the trend is defined as being collaborative. However, environment control can positively influence workers’ satisfaction, but remains difficult to adopt through open and shared planning. Thus, this research tends to verify the importance of the concepts derived from the control of the work environment, such as collaboration, privacy, individualization of comfort, appropriation, territoriality and personalization, in a specific type of work environment : the coworking space. The main objective of this study is to relate the satisfaction of workers from generations X and Y with their perceptions of the importance of controlling their work environment. The methodological approach of this research is composed of the development of a theoretical framework, as well as a data collection ramified by three interviews with experts, a questionnaire completed by workers renting a subscription in a coworking space and two observation activities carried out in this same environment. A data analysis was carried out by triangulating the results, both for the empirical data collected in the theorical framework and by the three collection tools. The results of this study tend to show that the demand for collaborative spaces does not correspond to the real needs of workers. On the other hand, a strong emphasis on individualized control of comfort, adaptability of space components, and work modes and methods stood out through the concepts studied in this research. Several conclusions can be drawn, notably the consideration of ratios relative to the five work modes (e.g. focus, collaboration and socialization) when configuring the space and the design of flexible arrangements where individualized control can be easily adopted.

En los últimos años cambios importantes en las condiciones laborales mundialmente, influenciados por crisis económicas y transformaciones de diversas industrias, han impulsado la aparición de más profesionales independientes. Esta tendencia motivó la aparición de los coworking para satisfacer esta nueva necesidad. A través de la revisión de la literatura, esta investigación tiene como objetivo presentar el estado del arte sobre la contribución de los espacios de coworking con la creatividad e innovación. Se ha tomado en cuenta los factores motivacionales, las herramientas tecnológicas, el intercambio de la información entre los participantes y el rol de los espacios en la creatividad e innovación. Los estudios demuestran que la contribución de estos espacios es positiva ya que potencia el desempeño creativo e innovador de los participantes, lograda principalmente a través del factor social, el intercambio de conocimientos, la noción de pertenencia y el acceso a las herramientas tecnológicas. Se encontraron controversias con respecto a los factores que motivan a la utilización de los coworking, la contribución de las herramientas tecnológicas y la contribución a la creatividad e innovación; sin embargo son aisladas y la mayoría de autores mantiene una posición positiva. Sobre el intercambio de conocimiento se encontraron mayores controversias sobre las características de los participantes y la dinámica en los espacios de coworking; sin embargo, se encontró que la interacción social es fundamental en el intercambio del conocimiento y la colaboración. Por este motivo, estos espacios resaltan la importancia de la proximidad física ofreciendo ambientes abiertos que permiten la colaboración. / In recent years, major changes in working conditions worldwide, influenced by economic crises and transformations in various industries, have led to the emergence of more independent professionals. This trend motivated the appearance of coworking to satisfy this new need. Through the review of the literature, this research aims to present the state of the art on the contribution of coworking spaces to creativity and innovation. Motivational factors, technological tools, information exchange among participants and the role of spaces in creativity and innovation have been taken into account. Studies show that the contribution of these spaces is positive since it enhances the creative and innovative performance of the participants, achieved mainly through the social factor, the exchange of knowledge, the notion of belonging and access to technological tools. Controversies were found regarding the factors that motivate the use of coworking, the contribution of technological tools and the contribution to creativity and innovation; however, they are isolated and most authors maintain a positive position. Regarding the exchange of knowledge, greater controversies were found about the characteristics of the participants and the dynamics in the coworking spaces; However, it was found that social interaction is fundamental in the exchange of knowledge and collaboration. For this reason, these spaces highlight the importance of physical proximity by offering open environments that allow collaboration. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

La tendencia del coworking ha ido en aumento gracias al auge de los modelos de trabajo colaborativo; cada vez más en la ciudad de Lima, se ve esta tipología implementada en los centros de trabajo en donde comúnmente se encuentran las típicas oficinas. Actualmente, los mypes y freelancers se ven afectados por tener muchas limitaciones para emprender sus negocios. Como cualquier empresa o profesional, requieren de un espacio de trabajo; sin embargo, el problema aquí radica en que las típicas oficinas, además de tener un alquiler elevado en la ciudad, no son flexibles y no brindan los beneficios que un espacio de coworking puede ofrecer. La idea del proyecto se basa en ofrecer un edificio cuya principal función sea satisfacer las necesidades básicas y laborales del usuario, brindándoles múltiples servicios y usos que define el programa. Los mypes y freelancers necesitan un lugar que sea flexible en cuestión a costos y horarios, y en donde su principal motivación sea la innovación y la cooperación. Esta investigación estudia y caracteriza al coworking, con el objetivo de ofrecerle al usuario lo que realmente necesita, mediante espacios compartidos, áreas recreativas, zona comercial y diversas tipologías y servicios en espacios de coworking, haciendo énfasis en la flexibilidad espacial. / The coworking trend has been increasing thanks to the rise of collaborative work models; Increasingly in the city of Lima, this typology is seen implemented in the work centers where the typical offices are commonly found. Currently, mypes and freelancers are affected by having many limitations to start their businesses. Like any company or professional, they require a workspace; However, the problem here is that the typical offices, in addition to having a high rent in the city, are not flexible and do not provide the benefits that a coworking space can offer. The idea of the project is based on offering a building whose main function is to satisfy the basic and labor needs of the user, offering them multiple services and uses defined by the program. Mypes and freelancers need a place that is flexible in terms of costs and schedules, and where their main motivation is innovation and cooperation. This research studies and characterizes coworking, with the aim of offering the user what they really need, through shared spaces, recreational areas, shopping areas and various types and services in coworking spaces, emphasizing spatial flexibility / Trabajo de investigación

The diploma thesis is concerned on the conceptual definition of a quality place and what defines the quality of places in general. Then the approach is applied on the urban block on the Udolni street in the city of Brno. The goal is to make lives of inhabitants better. In the end, a highly synergical urban block is designed, with functions and forms such as coworking, cohousing and new models of sharing. The whole urban block is connected through a garden which extends the Spilberk castle park.