This thesis aims to analyze how members of a coworking space create a Sense of Community through the different types of social interactions that occur. Furthermore, it is investigated how the Sense of Community contributes to Word of Mouth. The authors conducted a qualitative case study of Norrsken House where members and managers of the coworking space were interviewed. The results of the study reveal that a Sense of Community is created through various interactions and occurrences. Additionally, it is stated that the creation of a Sense of Community for members is complex, where different experiences trigger different social elements. Even though there are similarities identified among the interviewed members, the evidence shows that the reality of each individual is based on previous experiences. Moreover, the authors show that the perceived Sense of Community could result in both positive and negative Word of Mouth activities between members and peers outside of the community. Based on the results, the authors elucidate how managers can design strategies to make the product offering more attractive.

This master’s thesis investigates how freelancers experience job precarity and asymmetrical power relations which have been established within the media production industry as well as the relevance and value of coworking spaces providing a workspace with the possibilities of knowledge sharing, networking and community building, as a framework in order to challenge their precarious working conditions. Furthermore, the research aims at examining the participants’ experiences in a qualitative manner to explore those rather new concepts of freelancing and coworking spaces as previous research has failed to address the individual experiences of how freelancers deal with the nature of work in the media production industry.Situated in the context of the structural changes within media production towards a project-based nature of work and the decrease of permanent employment, freelancers are increasingly facing precarious working conditions such as uncertainty and instability.Applying the theory of structure and agency as theoretical framework, it is discussed to what extent freelancers are influenced by the established structures, rules and norms within the media production industry and how their agency is enabled within these structures.Using a qualitative research approach, this study is based on an investigation of the experiences and knowledge of eleven freelancers working in the media production industry and who are users of coworking spaces by the means of semi-structured interviews. In summary, this thesis reveals that the majority of the participants experience asymmetrical power relations and precarity to a high degree. Furthermore, freelancers who seek for communities in order to challenge their precarious working conditions, experience coworking spaces as highly valuable concept in order to increase the possibilities for their individual agency. Having investigated those rather novel concepts, this thesis serves as a starting point for examining further research on freelancers’ individual experiences of their working conditions.

This diploma thesis goes about the layout of an administration building that is in-tended as a coworking centre or an area for shared cooperation. At the beginning in the literature review is found a brief description of coworking, introduction of wood as suitable material for establishing healthy interior environment of buildings and short display of various construction systems of solid timber buildings. In the applied section of the paper, there are worked up three solutions of cowork-ing centre. Their main differences are in the disposition, size and shape. Applied con-struction systems are the same in all three projects. One of the solutions is chosen as the most suitable and processed into the drawing documentation afterwards. Integral part of this section is the heat passage coefficient calculation and fabric appraisement of the chosen solution.

För många av dagens kommersiella hyresgäster och fastighetsägare är det viktigt med organisatorisk skalbarhet för att kunna anpassa sin verksamhet eller fastighet efter ändrade omständigheter. Detta har flera orsaker. Bland annat det snabbt föränderliga samhälle vi lever i, delvis sprunget ut den senaste tidens digitalisering och globalisering. Många företag kämpar dessutom för sin överlevnad på en hyresmarknad som favoriserar långa och fasta hyresstrukturer. Samtidigt har vår strävan efter hållbarhet konkretiseras allt mer på fastighetsmarknaden och tar sig bland annat uttryck i form av olika delningsekonomiska lösningar som har förändrat synen på traditionella kontor och avtal samt enformiga fastighetsanvändningar. Det finns en ny efterfrågan på hyresmarknaden som kräver en ökad nivå av fastighetsstrategisk flexibilitet. Denna uppsats ämnar definiera olika sätt att öka flexibiliteten i kommersiella kontor, fastigheter och hyreskontrakt och framförallt ta fasta på de möjligheter som skapas såväl som potentiella risker. Genom coworking tillåts kontorshyresgäster att hyra kontorsyta under flexibla former samtidigt som de kan åtnjuta ett ökat nätverkande och andra sociala förmåner. Multi- och mixed-use är benämningen på sådana flexibla fastigheter som byggs för att långsiktigt kunna inrymma olika funktioner vid olika tidpunkter eller simultant. De flexibla kontrakten avser i denna uppsats traditionella kontrakt som tillfogats realoptioner vilka tillåter en ändring av det avtalade innehållet, eller kontrakt som digitaliserats i en blockkedja. Studien visar att flexibilitet som produkt har stor potential att låsa upp den kommersiella hyresmarknaden och underlätta för en delningsekonomisk utveckling där resurser nyttjas bättre och många företags chanser att överleva i framtiden ökar. Flexibiliteten skapar inte bara värden för hyresgäster utan även hyresvärdar och fastighetsägare kan profitera på flexibiliteten. Detta kräver emellertid att aktörerna har de rätta förutsättningarna för att riskerna inte ska bli för stora och flexibiliteten ett vågspel. Sammanfattningsvis har det flexibla kontoret, den flexibla fastigheten och det flexibla hyreskontraktet potential att bidra till en socialt och ekonomiskt hållbar marknad, och skapa mervärden för de som gör allt rätt. / To many of today’s commercial tenants and real estate owners it is crucial with an ability to adjust their business or property to new circumstances. This is due to several reasons. For instance, the rapidly changing society caused by digitalisation and globalisation and the fact that many companies are struggling to survive on a market that favors long and rigid rental structures. Furthermore, the trend of sustainability is partly expressing itself through the growing sharing economy. All together the attitude towards traditional offices and leases as well as a uniform use of buildings has changed and a new demand for strategic flexibility has formed on the market. This study aims to define different ways to increase the flexibility in commercial offices, properties and leases and foremost to find out the possibilities and risks that follows and thereby to whom and when it would be beneficial. Coworking allows tenants to rent office space with flexible conditions while being able to appreciate the social benefits. Multi- and mixed-use are adaptable properties designed to accommodate various functions at different times or simultaneously. The flexible leases in this study refers to leases including real options as well as smart contracts made possible by the blockchain technology. The study shows that flexibility as a product has a great potential to unlock the commercial rental market and facilitate a development of the sharing economy where resources are used more efficiently, and businesses are increasing their chances to survive. Flexibility incorporated in real estate is not only valuable to tenants but also to landlords and property owners. This however requires the right circumstances to limit the risk and ensure that the flexibility does not become a venture. In conclusion, the flexible office, the flexible property and the flexible lease can contribute to a socially and economically sustainable market and create additional value for those applying it right.

Según Krugman (2011), en su libro La era de las expectativas limitadas: "La productividad no es todo, pero en el largo plazo es casi todo. La capacidad de un país para mejorar sus condiciones de vida depende mayormente de su habilidad para elevar la producción por trabajador" (p. 21). En este sentido, el coworking representa una oportunidad que fomenta mayor eficiencia, lo cual implica una valiosa contribución a la mejora de resultados. En primer lugar, en el Capítulo I, se desarrollará el marco teórico que empieza con definir los conceptos de Coworking y Productividad para luego hablar de su evolución, importancia, ventajas, así como los factores en donde se desarrolla cada variable. En segundo lugar, en el Capítulo II, se detallará el plan de trabajo especificando cual es el problema por investigar dentro del área abordada además de especificar la relevancia, objetivos e hipótesis de la investigación. En tercer lugar, en el Capítulo III, se desarrollará y especificará la metodología de investigación a utilizar definiendo el alcance, enfoque, diseño de investigación e instrumentos de medición para obtener información. En cuarto lugar, en el Capítulo IV, se desarrollará la metodología de investigación que posee enfoque mixto. En quinto lugar, en el Capítulo V, se presentará un análisis de los resultados obtenido en el capítulo anterior. Finalmente, se presentarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones que nos deja la investigación. / The thesis formulated by Krugman (2011), in his book The Age of Limited Expectations: "Productivity is not everything, but in the long term it is almost everything. Given the complexity of the analysis of the interrelationship between economic growth and employment, what is evident is the positive long-term relationship between employment growth and productivity; specially, the total productivity of the factors” (p. 21). Taking this into consideration, coworking represents an opportunity that improves networking and encourages open and frank discussion that leads to greater efficiency. First, in Chapter I, the theoretical framework that begins with defining the concepts of Coworking and Productivity to then narrated their evolutions, importance, advantages and the dimensions in which each variable is developed. Secondly, in Chapter II, the plan will be detailed specifying what the problem is to be investigated within the area addressed as well as specifying the relevance, objectives and hypothesis of the investigation. Thirdly, in Chapter III, the research methodology to be used will be developed and specified, defining the scope, focus, research design and measurement instruments to obtain information. Fourth, in Chapter IV, the research methodology will be developed with a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative). Fifth, in Chapter V, an analysis of the results obtained in the previous chapter will be presented. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations that the investigation leaves us will be presented. / Tesis

This study aims to examine flexible workspaces from the perspective of a real estate owner. The research questions include how flexible workspaces will develop in Stockholm, how well the provision of flexible workspaces fit into the business model for real estate companies and how they can accommodate solutions on flexibility in their portfolio.  The method used consists of two parts, firstly a case study performed on the London based real estate company British Land who have developed a concept for flexible workspace called Storey. The second part consisted of eleven interviews with representatives from real estate companies in Stockholm. By combining these two parts, a sound basis for mapping the success factors for how to extend a business model by offering flexible workspaces along with an appreciation of its future development could be made. The findings include the real estate companies’ perception that increased levels of flexibility will be a common sight in the real estate landscape in the future. There are however several different approaches on which strategy to choose in order to offer concepts for flexibility in an office portfolio, all depending on the organisational structure and business model for the individual real estate company. The contribution of this study is therefore that real estate companies can gain a number of benefits by offering flexibility in their portfolio. / Studien ämnar till att undersöka koncept för flexibla arbetsplatser ur ett fastighetsägarperspektiv. Forskningsfrågorna behandlar hur väl det passar en fastighetsägares affärsmodell att tillhandahålla olika koncept för flexibla arbetsplatser och kontor i sin fastighetsportfölj och hur de i sådana fall skall gå till väga, samt hur utvecklingen av detta arbetssätt kommer att emottas på Stockholms-marknaden.  Undersökningens metod består av två delar. Först har en fallstudie utförts på det Londonbaserade fastighetsbolaget British Land som själva utvecklat ett koncept för flexibla arbetsplatser, kallat Storey. Därefter har elva intervjuer med representanter från fastighetsbolag i Stockholm genomförts. Detta har skapat ett solitt fundament för att kartlägga de framgångsfaktorer som ligger till grund för hur en fastighetsägare kan utöka sin affärsmodell för att erbjuda flexibla arbetsytor. Resultaten pekar på att flexibla arbetsplatser kommer att fortsätta att växa på Stockholms-marknaden och bli ett vanligare arbetssätt för både små och stora företag. Det finns sedan ett antal strategier en fastighetsägare kan välja för att erbjuda sådana koncept i sitt fastighetsbestånd, vilket är beroende på organisationsstrukturen och affärsmodellen i det enskilda fastighetsbolaget. Forskningsbidraget i studien är bland annat att det finns en mängd fördelar som en fastighetsägare kan dra nytta av genom att tillhandahålla koncept för ökad flexibilitet i sin fastighetsportfölj.

This is the story of how four people invented a whole new world and way of life - and how they attempted to establish it across the globe. Copass, a Parisian startup consisting of four cofounders, aimed to connect hundreds of the world's shared workspaces under their new global federation. But the main objective of this startup, in contrast to most, was not to build capital. It was to build a universe: a future where white-collar workers would be liberated from the shackles of office life to work anywhere in the world, to meet exciting people and to have amazing experiences. Here, workdays were permanently mixed with holidays. Work was fun, workplaces were play-places and workers were adventurers. The ambition of these four cofounders was to turn the way they wanted things to be for them into the way things ought to be for everyone else. To turn their desired lifestyle into a global social movement that enrolled, as they saw it, hundreds of cities and thousands, tens of thousands, even millions of people. In short, they created a company to fulfil a dream. This is an ethnography of that one startup's dream, analysed at length to demonstrate innovative ways of worldmaking employed by an ambitious tech company seeking success. A company dissatisfied with the world that, instead of changing it, decided to create a new one.

[pt] As facilidades oferecidas pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) e o acesso ao computador pessoal — laptops, tablets e smartphones — incrementaram o trabalho remoto. Pelo uso das tecnologias móveis, o trabalho de escritório vem sendo feito em qualquer lugar e a qualquer hora. Levanta-se, então, a questão: como os trabalhadores estão vivenciando essas interações, inclusive em relação à diversidade de locais para a realização do trabalho? O objetivo desta pesquisa foi mapear as transformações do escritório, ocasionadas pelas rotinas de uso das TICs, iniciadas com a inserção da Internet até os dias de hoje. Trabalhou-se com a hipótese de que a Internet e as facilidades oferecidas pelas TICs vêm contribuindo para que esse tipo de trabalho migre do ambiente de escritório convencional para outros locais alternativos, e que essa migração vem influenciando a relação entre vida pessoal e trabalho. Para a coleta de dados junto aos trabalhadores em relação à mobilidade das atividades laborais, foram realizadas entrevistas e discussões em grupos de foco. Os resultados das técnicas aplicadas apontaram tanto para benefícios com o uso dos dispositivos móveis na realização das atividades de trabalho como também para focos de desconforto tanto no âmbito profissional quanto no pessoal associados a essa prática. Esta pesquisa propõe contribuir para o campo do design na definição de diretrizes de projetos de espaços e design de interiores que traduzam as crescentes demandas da sociedade em relação ao trabalho móvel. / [en] Convenience offered by information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the access to the personal computer — laptops, tablets and smartphones — have stimulated teleworking. Through the use of mobile technologies, office work is being done anywhere and anytime. The question then arises: How office workers are dealing with these interactions and diversity of places for carrying out their work? The objective of this research was to map the office transformations, caused by the ICTs usage routines, initiated with the insertion of the Internet, until the present day. We have worked with the hypothesis that the Internet and the facilities offered by ICTs have contributed to the fact that office work migrates from the conventional office environment to other alternative locations, and that this migration has influenced the relationship between personal and work life. To collect the office workers perceptions regarding the mobility of work activities, interviews and discussions were held in focus groups. The results of the applied techniques pointed to both the benefits, with the use of the mobile devices in the accomplishment of the work activities, as well as to points of worker s discomfort associated with this practice, in the professional and personal scope. This research proposes to contribute to the field of design, in the definition of design guidelines for spaces and interior design that reflect the increasing demands of society in relation to mobile work.

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les activités culturelles et créatives (art, architecture, etc.) sont plébiscitées par les pouvoirs publics et les scientifiques pour leur rôle culturel mais aussi économique, social et urbain. Leur agglomération spatiale dans d’anciens quartiers industriels et ouvriers fait peser de multiples enjeux sur ces territoires. Planifiée par les décideurs politiques ou construite par des dynamiques spontanées, cette agglomération transforme des espaces en friche en quartiers créatifs. Ces quartiers sont le lieu d’ancrage de clusters qui lient les travailleurs créatifs dans un réseau social d’échange et de coopération marqué par l’entre-soi. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’interroger le fonctionnement et les enjeux des quartiers créatifs en vérifiant l’hypothèse de la mise en place d’un club de travailleurs créatifs au sein de ces territoires. Défini comme un regroupement volontaire d’individus autour de la jouissance exclusive de biens et de services, le club est porteur à la fois de dynamiques collectives de partage et de logiques d’entre-soi et de ségrégation. Questionner son existence dans les quartiers créatifs introduit une réflexion autour de la cohésion et de la fragmentation sociales d’une part, et de la créativité et de l’innovation d’autre part.Fondée sur une analyse qualitative croisée de trois quartiers créatifs des villes de Nantes, Marseille et Grenoble, cette thèse montre comment des clubs de travailleurs créatifs se forment dans ces territoires, quel est leur fonctionnement et quels sont leurs impacts sociaux et économiques. / For twenty years, cultural and creative activities (art,architecture, etc.) have been promoted by public authorities and scientists for their cultural, economic,social and urban roles. Their spatial agglomeration informer industrial districts implies multiple issues on these territories. Planned by political decision-makers or resulting from spontaneous dynamics, this agglomeration transforms industrial wasteland into creative quarters.Clusters that link creative workers in collaborative social networks are embedded in these quarters. These social networks are characterized by cooperation and a senseof togetherness.This thesis aims to question the functioning and the stakes of creative quarters by confirming the hypothesis of the establishment of a creative workers’ club within these territories. The club is defined as a voluntary grouping of individuals around the exclusive enjoymen tof goods and services. It carries both collective dynamics of sharing and logics of exclusion and segregation.Questioning its existence in creative quarters induces a reflection on social cohesion and fragmentation on the one hand, and creativity and innovation on the other one. Based on a qualitative analysis of three creative quarters in the cities of Nantes, Marseille and Grenoble, this thesis illustrates how clubs of creative workers are formed in these territories, how they work and what their social and economic impacts are.

Det finns en efterfrågan bland expanderande och utvecklingsorienterade företag att etablera sig i innovationstäta städer såsom Stockholm för att exempelvis ta nästa steg i att utveckla sin produkt eller tjänst, eller för att prova nya marknader. Men i många av dessa städer är utbudet av kontor, lokaler och boende begränsat. Delvis på grund av prisnivåerna, men också sett till det totala utbudet på marknaden. Detta torde skapa en efterfrågan på både lokaler och boende vilket är anledningen till att affärsidén att kombinera dessa har uppstått. Konceptet vill samla utvecklingsorienterade företag från liknande branscher under ett och samma tak. Anledning till detta är att bilda community inom byggnaden, men även torde detta skapa synergieffekter som kan leda till produkt- och serviceutveckling eftersom man kan lära från, och dra nytta av varandra. För att kunna etablera denna affärsidé om uthyrning av en kombination av lokal och boende finns det olika lagar att ta hänsyn till. Det måste även finnas en faktisk efterfrågan på marknaden för det tänkta konceptet. Syftet med uppsatsen är därför att presentera viktiga delar att inkludera i ett potentiellt hyresavtal för affärsidén och analysera om det finns ett marknadsintresse för konceptet baserat på intervjuer med potentiella kunder och branschorganisationer inom fastighetssektorn. Men även försöka reda ut vilka svårigheter man skulle kunna tänkas möta, huruvida detta koncept kan vara ett steg i rätt riktning för förbättring av fastighetssektorn ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv samt hur man ska hantera och förbättra den kommunala processen för detaljplaner i ärenden för fastighetsutveckling. Marknadsundersökningen bland potentiella hyresgäster vittnar om att det finns efterfrågan för denna affärsidé, vilket är i linje med vad de intervjuade branschorganisationerna ansåg. För expanderande företag är möjligheten att i en flexibel lösning kombinera boende med lokaler attraktiv. För att genomföra konceptet är de intervjuade överens om att branscher man vill ha som kundbas måste väljas med noggrannhet för att uppnå fördelarna med klusterbaserade lokaler och boenden. När det gäller miljöförbättringarna var samtliga intervjuade överens om att konceptet är ett steg i rätt riktning bland annat för man vill använda redan befintliga byggnader som till återblandad användning av bostäder och lokaler. I intervjuer med branschorganisationerna fanns det en gemensam åsikt om att den kommunala processen bör förenklas för att bli effektivare,snabbare och mer lyhörd för nya lösningar likt denna inom fastighetssektorn. Resultaten från studier av lagen visar att hyresavtalet tydligt måste redovisa hyresnivån och längden på avtalet, om det är tidsbegränsat och det ska även fördela det praktiska ansvaret mellan hyresgäst och hyresvärd tillsammans med andra formella bestämmelser. En bra lösning för det formella hyresavtalet är att kombinera ett standardavtal från organisationen Fastighetsägarna för de praktiska delarna och anpassa de övriga delarna med inspiration från redan befintliga hyresavtal för boende och lokaler av liknande koncept. Slutsatsen är att det finns ett marknadsintresse för affärsidén baserat på de genomförda intervjuerna och att detta koncept ligger mycket i linje med de förbättringar inom fastighetssektorn som måste ske med hänsyn till miljön. Hyresavtal har vissa obligatoriskadelar men utöver dessa finns frihet för egna bestämmelser. Man bör även lägga stor vikt vidatt hitta lämpliga branscher och företag som kundbas för att skapa community och synergieffekter. Enligt några av de intervjuade bör arbetet med detaljplaner bli smidigare och mer flexibelt. / Today there is a demand among expanding companies to establish themselves in larger cities as Stockholm, for example, to take the next step in developing their product or service or try new markets. But in many of these cities, the offering of offices, premises and accommodation is very limited. Partially in the view of pricing, but also in the perspective of total supply to the market. As this should create an unmet demand for accommodation and premises, the business idea to create a combination of coworking and coliving arose. The concept aims to bring together development-oriented companies from similar industries under one roof. The reason behind this is to create a community among the tenants but also synergyin the form of product and service development since they can learn and develop with eachother in the same branch. To establish this business idea there are regulations regarding rental of apartments, office sand premises to be considered before launching the concept. Law regulations exist but it also has to exist an actual demand in the market for this precise concept. The purpose of this essay is to present important parts to include in a potential rental agreement and to analyze if there is a market demand for this concept based on interviews with potential customers and branchorganizations. But also, what difficulties the concept might face, how this concept could improve the impact the real estate sector has on the environment and how to handle and improve the municipal process in these regards. The market hearing that was performed for this paper indicates that there is a demand for this type of concept, which is in line with the perception of the interviewed branch organizations.For expanding companies, the opportunity to combine accommodation with non-residential premises in a flexible solution is attractive and convenient. In order to implement the concept,the interviewees agree that the sectors you want as a customer base must be carefully selected to achieve the benefits of cluster-based premises and housing. Regarding environmental improvements, all interviewees agree that the concept is a step inthe right direction since the business idea is targeting already existing buildings with permission for mixed-use between accommodation and non-residential premises. Ininterviews with branch organizations, there was a common view that the municipal process should be simplified in order to become more effective, rapid and more responsive to new solutions like this one within the real estate sector. The results from studies of the law show that, among other things, the lease must clearly state the level of rent and the length of the contract if it is limited in time. It should also divide the practical responsibilities between the tenant and the landlord among other formal provisions. A good solution for the rental agreement is to combine a standard contract from the organization Fastighetsägarna regarding the practical matters and set up the other parts of the agreement with inspiration from agreements already existing on the market for residentials and non-residential premises. As a conclusion there is market interest for the business idea according to the interviews, and the business idea is very much in line with the improvements that must be made within the real estate sector with regard to the environment. Furthermore, the lease has certain mandatory parts, but in addition, there is freedom for own regulations. Also, when choosing the customer base, it is important for the concept to pay attention to finding suitable industries and companies to create community and synergy effects. According to some of the interviewees, the municipal work with detailed development plans should be improved to become more smooth and flexible.