Vad motiverar en kriminellt belastad person att bryta sin brottsliga bana och söka psykoterapi som en del av den processen? Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att öka förståelsen för psykoterapins plats i en identitetsförändringsprocess. Frågeställningarna som studien vill undersöka är: tidigare kriminellas motiv till att söka psykoterapi, deras förväntningar på vad psykoterapin ska hjälpa dem med, samt skäl för att ta avstånd ifrån eller återgå till ett kriminellt liv. Studien är en kvalitativ, explorativ undersökning som utgår ifrån intervjuer med fyra personer som själva har sökt psykoterapi efter avtjänade fängelsestraff. Resultatet visar att motiven för att lämna kriminaliteten var primärt de anhöriga, en vilja att inte förlora mer relationer, tid, arbete och boende, en rädsla för att dö samt en ökad personlig mognad. De har valt att gå i psykoterapi för att få hjälp att stoppa sitt kriminella beteende genom kontroll och prevention. Vidare att få bearbeta sina tidigare upplevelser och känslor samt få hjälp med återanpassningen till samhället; bli rehabiliterade. Psykoterapin påverkade och stärkte identitetsförändringsprocessen. Motiven för att tidigare välja kriminalitet var ett behov av att slippa ångest, maktlöshet, frustration, utsatthet och stämpling. Ytterligare skäl var få känna kicken, välbehaget och gemenskapen. Slutsatserna är att för att en förändring ska vara möjlig behöver den kriminella identiteten vara uppluckrad varför behandling under anstaltstiden sällan blir verksam. Det kriminella, mot förändringen konkurrerande, normsystemet behöver vara tillräckligt försvagat. Psykoterapin och psykoterapeutens plats i en identitetsförändringsprocess blir att vara ett stöd i den mest sköra fasen, i det vakum som uppstår när sociala band i övrigt är svaga och den nya identiteten ännu inte är tillräckligt stadigt förankrad. Den känslomässiga kopplingen till de behov och känslor som kämpar emot varandra i förändringsprocessen behöver benämnas och bearbetas.

Denna forskningsöversikt handlar om effektiviteten av platsbaserat polisiärt arbete, som fokuserar på små geografiska områden med hög kriminalitet. Har platsbaserat polisiärt arbete en brottsminskande effekt? Minskar bara en viss typ av kriminalitet? Flyttar brottsligheten bara på sig? - Genom lämpliga sökord och välkända databaser valdes de studier ut som hade bra utvärderingsdesigner. Resultatet blev 14 studier varav 9 randomiserade experiment, 4 kvasiexperimentella studier och 1 metaanalys. Översikten visar på en delad bild när det kommer till signifikant effekt vid brottsminskning. Sammanfattningsvis är 6 studier signifikanta med liten effekt och 4 icke signifikanta när det kommer till total brottslighet. Problemorienterat arbete och samarbete med andra instanser ger bäst resultat. Att enbart arbeta platsbaserat påverkar inte all brottslighet, andra instanser/metoder behövs. / This research review is about the effectiveness of hot spot policing. Does hot spot policing have an effect on crime? Does only one type of crime decline? Does crime just move from one place to another? Through suitable keywords and well known databases, studies with good research designs were chosen. The result was 14 in all, 9 randomized controlled trials, 4 quasi-experiments and 1 meta-analysis. The review shows a divided picture when it comes to significance in crimeprevention. In summary: 6 studies are significantly small and 4 non-significant when it comes to the total of crime. To work problem-oriented and to work with other authorities is most effective. Only place-based work does not affect all crime, other authorities/methods are needed.

In this study, it is aimed to examine the community policing model in the active citizenship and civil renewal context. The study begins with investigating basic concepts and theories of citizenship, good governance, crime prevention, policing models and interconnection of concepts. Community policing relies on the concept of active citizenship that requires active involvement of citizens into decision making mechanism of public institutions to tackle the problems of community. Community policing is also supposed to be a police reform in the light of governance principles. The structure and working principles of police organization should be reviewed according to these principles. In this framework, community policing efforts of Turkish police, its reflections in society and the needs of police organization are analyzed. It is tried to reach a comprehensive explanation about the implementation of community policing model. To reach the goal of the study interviews held with citizens and police officers. The results of interviews provide an opportunity to comprehend the facts and to determine the view of public on the possible related changes in practice. At the end of the study, it can be said that community policing has democratic policing and problem solving functions but the core element of this model, participation, is a complex and dynamic process that is highly unpredictable and difficult to control. In addition, citizen-focused policing requires a cultural and operational reform. That is why, it is not an easy transformation process. It is concluded that community policing is an applicable model for Turkish Police with its challenges.

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This research involves a legal impact study of the State College Nuisance Property Ordinance and an assessment of State College Rental Property Managers in the role of place manager/intimate handler of offender. The impact of the Ordinance was assessed by employing an interrupted time series design which examined five years of pre-ordinance violations against five years of post-ordinance violations. The assessment of State College Rental Property Managers in the role of place manager/intimate handlers of offenders was assessed through a mail survey. The survey contained items that measured the level to which State College Rental Property Managers have assumed this role. This level was then regressed against the offenses covered under the Ordinance in order to determine if this role has an impact on reducing and/or deterring offenses in rental units. The data suggest that the Ordinance was successful in reducing violations in nuisance rental units. In addition, the analyses of the survey revealed that a higher level of place manager/intimate handler of offender was positively correlated with criminal and ordinance violations. / Dr. Randy L. Martin Dr. Kathleen J. Hanrahan Dr. Jennifer J. Roberts Dr. John A. Lewis

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003. / Title from title page screen (viewed Nov. 10, 2003). Thesis advisor: John M. Scheb. Document formatted into pages (viii, 89 p. : col. ill., col maps). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-78).

M.Tech. Business Administration. Business School.. / South Africa has high levels of unemployment. This unemployment crisis may easily be solved by thriving entrepreneurship levels. South Africa also suffers from high rates of crime. The aim of this research is to determine the existence of any relationship between high levels of crime and low levels of entrepreneurship. The main findings of this research are that crime features as a considerable deterrent to entrepreneurship development and growth in South Africa.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the tv-show Efterlyst’s (Wanted)effects on viewers when it comes to how crime, criminals and victims are portrayed in the show. In order to achieve the purpose of our the study, both  quantitative and  qualitative approaches were used We compared the image Efterlyst gives of crime, criminals and victims to statistical information from The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention and The Central Bureau of Statistiscs. By using focus-groups we also studied how Efterlyst portrays, in the season of 2009, and how it may have affected its viewers. Our conclusion was that there are important differences between how Efterlyst portrays crime and the image of crime the statistics gives. Our study also supports the idea that viewers can be affected by how Efterlyst reports about crime; they can get disorted understandings about crime and be influenced in such way that they feel unjustified  fear from watching Efterlyst – a substantial reduction in their quality of life