Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T15:25:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tarcisiocostabrum.pdf: 3061080 bytes, checksum: 786015eb55b5406d7b4371d7929b36c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-27T11:29:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tarcisiocostabrum.pdf: 3061080 bytes, checksum: 786015eb55b5406d7b4371d7929b36c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T11:29:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tarcisiocostabrum.pdf: 3061080 bytes, checksum: 786015eb55b5406d7b4371d7929b36c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O desenvolvimento de produtos que considera aspectos de sustentabilidade conjuntamente com as necessidades dos potenciais consumidores no seu processo tem se tornado mais importante para a competitividade de organizações e também para o meio ambiente. A seleção de formas e materiais é uma das etapas iniciais no desenvolvimento de embalagens e gera muitos impactos desde o processo de fabricação, o sucesso no mercado até o descarte na natureza. Existem métodos para incorporar as necessidades dos clientes e traduzí-las em requisitos técnicos de produto e, dentre estes, destaca-se a Engenharia Kansei, que tem como principais características a alta participação do usuário/consumidor no projeto do produto através de técnicas e ferramentas de cunho matemático e computacional e que busca traduzir as percepções do consumidor em requisitos de produto. Neste sentido, esta dissertação apresenta uma proposta de um Sistema de Engenharia Kansei que integre as impressões do público alvo com critérios de sustentabilidade em embalagens de doce de leite. O objetivo foi o desenvolvimento do sistema para selecionar o desenho de embalagem que fosse preferencial pela análise do público alvo, e mais sustentável do ponto de vista dos critérios adotados. As impressões do público alvo foram obtidas através da aplicação de questionários e posteriormente relacionadas pelas técnicas de teoria de quantificação tipo I e números fuzzy triangulares integradas com um sistema inteligente baseado em algoritmo genético. Os critérios de sustentabilidade adotados foram índice de emissão de CO2, índice de reciclagem no Brasil, tempo de decomposição na natureza e vantagem econômica na utilização de insumos reciclados. Os materiais analisados foram vidro, aço e polipropileno (PP), que são os principais encontrados no mercado brasileiros para embalagens de doce de leite que compõe os principais itens de forma do produto (corpo e tampa). Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade da utilização da Engenharia Kansei no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos, em especial na etapa de seleção do produto além da proposta de incorporação de critérios sustentáveis na avaliação das embalagens, proporcionando uma melhoria na tomada de decisão de alternativas no projeto de produtos. / The product development that considers sustainability and potential costumers needs aspects on it the process has become more important to the competitiveness of organizations and to the environment either. The design and materials selection is one of the initial steps in the development of packages and its results generate impacts that ranges from the manufacturing processes, the marketplace success and the disposal in nature. There are methods that to incorporate the costumers needs and translate it in product technical requirements and, among these, Kansei Engineering stands out, it has as the main features the high user/consumer participation in the product design through matematical and computational techniques and tools that attempt to translate consumer´s perceptions in product requirements. In that sense, this dissertation presented a proposal of Kansei Engineering System that integrates the consumer´s perceptions with susteinability criteria about sweet milk packages design. The aim was the system development to select the packaging draw preferencial for the target public and more sustainable about the adopted criteria. The consumer´s perceptions were colected using questionares and after worked applying quantification theory type I and fuzzy triangular numbers integrated with a expert system based in genetic algorithm. The sustainability criteria adopted was CO2 emissions rate, recycling rate in Brazil, decomposition time in nature and the materials reuse financial return used in each package model. The materials used in the research are glass, steel and polypropylene plastic (PP), which are found on packages in the Brazilian market and composes the main components of the package; body and lid. The results show the feasibility of using Kansei Engineering in the product development process, especially in the selection product shapes step moreover the proposal of incorporation sustainability criteria to evaluate packages, provinding improvements in decision-making insertion of more sustainable packages in the Market.

Esta dissertação buscou identificar junto a empresas de grande porte quais os critérios de seleção de fornecedores que são considerados mais importantes quando se deseja construir relacionamentos de parceria dentro da cadeia de suprimentos. A revisão de literatura foi dividida em três grandes partes. Na primeira parte procurou-se abordar aspectos da gestão de suprimentos que são relevantes para o tema, como organização de compras, classificação de tipos de produtos e tipos de relacionamentos entre empresas, onde as características teóricas das parcerias com fornecedores foram exploradas. A segunda parte foca as características do processo de seleção de fornecedores. A terceira parte é dedicada ao estudo dos critérios encontrados na literatura para a escolha da mais adequada fonte de suprimentos. A consolidação desta parte do trabalho resultou na apresentação de uma lista com 45 critérios de seleção de fornecedores e suas respectivas definições para uniformização de abrangência e compreensão dos critérios. Com base nesta lista, a pesquisa foi conduzida na forma de estudo de casos junto às Gerências de Suprimentos de três empresas de grande porte com operações no mercado brasileiro de bens industriais e de consumo. Através de questionários e entrevistas foram identificados 17 critérios como sendo os mais importantes para o processo de seleção parceiros. A pesquisa também encontrou que os conceitos de parcerias com fornecedores são definidos pelas realidades de mercado de cada empresa e não convergem para os conceitos apresentados na literatura acadêmica. Parcerias vêm sendo definidas somente como relacionamentos de longo prazo com fornecedores em detrimento de qualquer outro atributo referenciado pela literatura acadêmica. Portanto, a utilização deste termo precisa vir precedida de uma conceituação precisa para evitar duplicidade de interpretações. / This dissertation aimed the identification of the most important supplier selection criteria used by large size companies when they want to build partnering relationships in their supply chains. The review of literature was separated in three parts. The first one concerns the supply management subjects that are relevant to the theme, such as purchase structure, product classification and sort of companies relationships, where the supplier partnerships characteristics were explored. The second part focuses the characteristics of supplier selection process. The third part is dedicated to the selection criteria found in the literature used to choose the most appropriated source of supply. The consolidation of this part resulted in the presentation of a list with 45 supplier selection criteria and their definitions to standardize the scope and comprehension. Based on this list, the research was conducted as case studies with Purchasing Managers of three large size companies that have operations in the Brazilian markets of industrial and consumer goods. Using questionnaires and interviews procedures, 17 criteria were considered the most important for the partner selection process. The research also found that the suppliers’ partnerships concepts are defined by the market realities of each company e do not converge to concepts shown in the academic literature. Partnerships has been defined only as long term relationships with suppliers rather than any other attribute mentioned in the academic literature. Therefore, before making use of the term Partnership it should be precisely defined in order to avoid misinterpretation.

Orientador: Paulo Correa Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:13:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcondes_AndrezaBenatti_M.pdf: 5495313 bytes, checksum: a5a7651ef5e80d1a06695be92059dd0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: As mudanças nos padrões de competitividade da indústria brasileira influenciaram os procedimentos na avaliação de investimentos em capital fixo das empresas. Neste sentido, a decisão de investir em determinado projeto não é baseada somente na relação entre uma taxa interna de retomo e uma taxa mínima de atratividade, mas deve-se levar em consideração fatores como tempo de resposta ao cliente, qualidade e custo. Para alcançar estes requisitos, a empresa deve reconfigurar seu processo de negócios e uma das áreas mais afetadas é o chão-de-fábrica. A abordagem da Toyota Motor Corporation para projeto de sistemas de manufatura, conhecida como manufatura enxuta, mostrou ser capaz de garantir resultados superiores. Os modelos de análise de investimento atuais, criados para atender a produção em massa, falham em apontar os resultados gerados pela produção enxuta. Este trabalho pretende entender o impacto financeiro de se converter uma fábrica do sistema de produção em massa para o sistema enxuto. Um caso de estudo de uma montadora que se tornou referência nas práticas enxutas é utilizado para verificar se ocorreram transformações na metodologia utilizada pela empresa / Abstract: The changes in the competitiveness standards in the Brazilian industry had influenced on the investment evaluation procedure of fixed capital in corporations. In this way, the decision to invest in a project must not be only based on a relation between the internal rate of return and attractiveness rate. It is necessary to consider factors as response time to customers orders, quality and cost. In order to achieve those requirements most companies need to reconfigure their business process and one of the most affected areas in the shop floor. Toyota Motor Corporation' s approach to manufacturing system design, a1so known as lean manufacturing, has been showing superior performance. The current investment ana1ysis models, created to support mass production, :fail in recognize the effectiveness of lean manufacturing. This work aims at understanding financial impact of restructuring a plant from mass to lean production. A case study of an automotive assembly company who become a benchmark on lean practices is used to check of investments methodologies had been reviewed to support manufacturing transformation / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

[pt] O volume de soja e derivados movimentado no agronegócio brasileiro é uma parcela bastante significativa no universo dos grãos movimentados no mercado interno e destinados à exportação. Justifica dedicar atenção à estrutura logística do agronegócio que o suporta e avaliar o quadro que se apresenta. As dificuldades de escoamento da safra agrícola são grandes, face à precária malha ferroviária disponível, a escassez de hidrovias e a enorme precariedade de nossas rodovias. Diante do quadro apresentado, este trabalho se propõe a identificar e analisar os principais critérios que auxiliam o embarcador1 na seleção de transportador e modo de transporte para o escoamento da safra agrícola e seus derivados para o abastecimento do mercado interno ou até os portos para exportação. Como produto final, busca-se ter de forma consistente, os critérios devidamente identificados e avaliados com base no método AHP, proposto por Thomas L. Saaty, um método de decisão multicriterial que funciona para os mais diversos tipos de decisões. / [en] Soy beans and its derivatives destined for the internal and exportation markets are an important part of the brazilian agribusiness. This justifies a closer look at the logistical infra-structure that supports it. The precarious railway system, lack of waterways, and precariousness of our roadways makes transporting agricultural craps of export difficult. Within this context, this master dissertation identifies and analyses the main criteria the boarder utilizes in the selection of carrier and mode of transportation to supply agricultural craps and their derivatives to the internal market or ports for export. The final product is expected to follow the criteria selected and analyzed using the AHP method, proposed by Thomas L. Saaty, is a multi-criteria decision method that works well for very diverse decision types.

With the rapid advancement of technologies, software is gaining its popularity in assisting our daily activities in the last decades. This circumstance causes a rising concerns about a software product with high quality which lead to a question about the justification whether a software product has high quality. Therefore, a numerous of researches and studies had spent a lot of effort in software product quality assessment in order to justify whether the software product(s) under study have satisfactory quality. One of the foremost approaches to assess software product quality is the application of the quality models. For example, quality model ISO 9126. However, the quality models do not provide an explicit way to aggregate the performance of different quality aspects nor handling the various interests raised from different perspective or stakeholders. Although many studies have been conducted to aggregate the different measures of quality attributes, they are still not capable to include the various interests raised by different software product stakeholders. Therefore, some studies have attempted to apply MCDA methods in order to aggregate the measure of quality attributes as the ultimate software product quality and handling the various quality interests. However, they do not provide any rational about their particular choice of MCDA methods. Most of them justify their choice by referring to high popularity of the selected MCDA method. Without studying the suitability of MCDA methods in the application domain of the software product, it is difficult to conclude whether the chosen MCDA methods fit in the intended software engineering discipline. Furthermore, there is no systematic approach available to help other software practitioners in selecting the MCDA method that will be suitable for their needs and constraints in software product quality assessment. This thesis aims to provide the key concepts for an effective selection of suitable MCDA method for the purpose of software product quality assessment. A foremost part of this thesis presents two systematic reviews. The first review illustrates the evaluation of the characteristics of MCDA methods. The second review identifies the major needs and constraints of the software quality assessment potential MCDA method has to consider in order to be used for assessing quality of software products. Based on the results from both systematic reviews, a selection framework named MCDA-SQA framework is formulated. This framework is intended to assist the software practitioners to systematically select and adapt appropriate MCDA method(s) in order to fulfil their quality assessment needs and the respective environmental concerns.

Test coverage criteria introduces metrics to measure the adequacy of a test suite as well as defined rules for performing software testing. This makes it possibly to formally define requirements for testing in various industries where software quality is essential, such as in aviation. This bachelor thesis aims to study the effectiveness of 11 different coverage criteria in two ways. Firstly how effective they are at finding faults and secondly their cost effectiveness. Test cases were created for each individual criteria for three different programs. The effectiveness of these test cases was then measured using mutation analysis. The results revealed that the scale of the experiment was too small to truly draw any conclusions regarding effectiveness. It was however shown that due to the “test noise” effect, the effectiveness of the test criteria can differ notably. It was also shown that test coverage criteria alone may not be sufficient in order to perform efficient testing.

This thesis suggests a security evaluation framework for distributed information systems, responsible for generating a system modelling technique and an evaluation method. The framework is flexible and divides the problem space into smaller, more accomplishable subtasks with the means to focus on specific problems, aspects or system scopes. The information system is modelled by dividing it into increasingly smaller parts, evaluate the separate parts and then build up the system “bottom up” by combining the components. Evaluated components are stored as reusable instances in a component library. The evaluation method is focusing on technological components and is based on the Security Functional Requirements (SFR) of the Common Criteria. The method consists of the following steps: (1) define several security values with different aspects, to get variable evaluations (2) change and establish the set of SFR to fit the thesis, (3) interpret evaluated security functions, and possibly translate them to CIA or PDR, (4) map characteristics from system components to SFR and (5) combine evaluated components into an evaluated subsystem. An ontology is used to, in a versatile and dynamic way, structure the taxonomy and relations of the system components, the security functions, the security values and the risk handling. It is also a step towards defining a common terminology for IT security.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's Degree in Information and Communication Technology, Durban, University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / This dissertation reports on the development of an algorithm based on an existing matchmaking method to solve diverse decision problems in a multi-person environment. The capacity to effectively achieve a lucrative and accurate decision making is a critical aspect of resource management. But the accuracy of a decision making process can be highly compromised because of the high subjectivity and multiple conflicting attributes that are present in human judgement. multi-person decision making is an effective approach for achieving a lucrative and accurate decision making process. The multi-person decision process has proven to be tedious mainly because the existing multi-person decision making methods are extensions of single decision making methods. This imposes additional computational resources, especially for a large number of decision makers because they aggregate the preferences of several decision makers into a unified format.This work therefore seeks to improve the multi-person decision making process using a matchmaking approach. In doing so, the Hunt ForTune matchmaking algorithm was investigated and improved for this purpose. Thus, the preferences of decision makers for each attribute are collected as an attribute description vector. The attribute, its description vector, flexibility and priority vector are compactly represented as a 4-tuple profile. The improved Hunt ForTune matchmaking algorithm is applied to different sets of multi-person decision problems and offered as an effective way of enhancing decision accuracy. The improved matchmaking decision algorithm is compared with a novel mathematical technique of Hausdorff distance. Results generally show that multi-person matchmaking algorithm is suitable and efficient for diverse decision making in the presence of multiple decision makers. The practical implication of the proposed multi-person matchmaking algorithm for decision making is that it provides a less complicated way to capture and represent the preferences of multiple decision makers irrespective of decision domain. The originality of the work reported in this dissertation is built on a matchmaking algorithm by introducing effective profile representation using vector analysis approach to capture the preferences of multiple decision makers and similarity metrics to provide an efficient and robust way to accurately perform a multi-person decision process. / M

Les simulations dites multi-physiques couplent plusieurs phases de calcul. Lorsqu’elles sont exécutées en parallèle sur des architectures à mémoire distribuée, la minimisation du temps de restitution nécessite dans la plupart des cas d’équilibrer la charge entre les unités de traitement, pour chaque phase de calcul. En outre, la distribution des données doit minimiser les communications qu’elle induit. Ce problème peut être modélisé comme un problème de partitionnement de graphe multi-critères. On associe à chaque sommet du graphe un vecteur de poids, dont les composantes, appelées « critères », modélisent la charge de calcul porté par le sommet pour chaque phase de calcul. Les arêtes entre les sommets, indiquent des dépendances de données, et peuvent être munies d’un poids reflétant le volume de communication transitant entre les deux sommets. L’objectif est de trouver une partition des sommets équilibrant le poids de chaque partie pour chaque critère, tout en minimisant la somme des poids des arêtes coupées, appelée « coupe ». Le déséquilibre maximum toléré entre les parties est prescrit par l’utilisateur. On cherche alors une partition minimisant la coupe, parmi toutes celles dont le déséquilibre pour chaque critère est inférieur à cette tolérance. Ce problème étant NP-Dur dans le cas général, l’objet de cette thèse est de concevoir et d’implanter des heuristiques permettant de calculer efficacement de tels partitionnements. En effet, les outils actuels renvoient souvent des partitions dont le déséquilibre dépasse la tolérance prescrite. Notre étude de l’espace des solutions, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble des partitions respectant les contraintes d’équilibre, révèle qu’en pratique, cet espace est immense. En outre, nous prouvons dans le cas mono-critère qu’une borne sur les poids normalisés des sommets garantit que l’espace des solutions est non-vide et connexe. Nous fondant sur ces résultats théoriques, nous proposons des améliorations de la méthode multi-niveaux. Les outils existants mettent en oeuvre de nombreuses variations de cette méthode. Par l’étude de leurs codes sources, nous mettons en évidence ces variations et leurs conséquences à la lumière de notre analyse sur l’espace des solutions. Par ailleurs, nous définissons et implantons deux algorithmes de partitionnement initial, se focalisant sur l’obtention d’une solution à partir d’une partition potentiellement déséquilibrée, au moyen de déplacements successifs de sommets. Le premier algorithme effectue un mouvement dès que celui-ci améliore l’équilibre, alors que le second effectue le mouvement réduisant le plus le déséquilibre. Nous présentons une structure de données originale, permettant d’optimiser le choix des sommets à déplacer, et conduisant à des partitions de déséquilibre inférieur en moyenne aux méthodes existantes. Nous décrivons la plate-forme d’expérimentation, appelée Crack, que nous avons conçue afin de comparer les différents algorithmes étudiés. Ces comparaisons sont effectuées en partitionnant un ensembles d’instances comprenant un cas industriel et plusieurs cas fictifs. Nous proposons une méthode de génération de cas réalistes de simulations de type « transport de particules ». Nos résultats démontrent la nécessité de restreindre les poids des sommets lors de la phase de contraction de la méthode multi-niveaux. En outre, nous mettons en évidence l’influence de la stratégie d’ordonnancement des sommets, dépendante de la topologie du graphe, sur l’efficacité de l’algorithme d’appariement « Heavy-Edge Matching » dans cette même phase. Les différents algorithmes que nous étudions sont implantés dans un outil de partitionnement libre appelé Scotch. Au cours de nos expériences, Scotch et Crack renvoient une partition équilibrée à chaque exécution, là où MeTiS, l’outil le plus utilisé actuellement, échoue une grande partie du temps. Qui plus est, la coupe des solutions renvoyées par Scotch et Crack est équivalente ou meilleure que celle renvoyée par MeTiS. / Multiphysics simulation couple several computation phases. When they are run in parallel on memory-distributed architectures, minimizing the simulation time requires in most cases to balance the workload across computation units, for each computation phase. Moreover, the data distribution must minimize the induced communication. This problem can be modeled as a multi-criteria graph partitioning problem. We associate with each vertex of the graph a vector of weights, whose components, called “criteria”, model the workload of the vertex for each computation phase. The edges between vertices indicate data dependencies, and can be given a weight representing the communication volume transferred between the two vertices. The goal is to find a partition of the vertices that both balances the weights of each part for each criterion, and minimizes the “edgecut”, that is, the sum of the weights of the edges cut by the partition. The maximum allowed imbalance is provided by the user, and we search for a partition that minimizes the edgecut, among all the partitions whose imbalance for each criterion is smaller than this threshold. This problem being NP-Hard in the general case, this thesis aims at devising and implementing heuristics that allow us to compute efficiently such partitions. Indeed, existing tools often return partitions whose imbalance is higher than the prescribed tolerance. Our study of the solution space, that is, the set of all the partitions respecting the balance constraints, reveals that, in practice, this space is extremely large. Moreover, we prove in the mono-criterion case that a bound on the normalized vertex weights guarantees the existence of a solution, and the connectivity of the solution space. Based on these theoretical results, we propose improvements of the multilevel algorithm. Existing tools implement many variations of this algorithm. By studying their source code, we emphasize these variations and their consequences, in light of our analysis of the solution space. Furthermore, we define and implement two initial partitioning algorithms, focusing on returning a solution. From a potentially imbalanced partition, they successively move vertices from one part to another. The first algorithm performs any move that reduces the imbalance, while the second performs at each step the move reducing the most the imbalance. We present an original data structure that allows us to optimize the choice of the vertex to move, and leads to partitions of imbalance smaller on average than existing methods. We describe the experimentation framework, named Crack, that we implemented in order to compare the various algorithms at stake. This comparison is performed by partitioning a set of instances including an industrial test case, and several fictitious cases. We define a method for generating realistic weight distributions corresponding to “Particles-in-Cells”-like simulations. Our results demonstrate the necessity to coerce the vertex weights during the coarsening phase of the multilevel algorithm. Moreover, we evidence the impact of the vertex ordering, which should depend on the graph topology, on the efficiency of the “Heavy-Edge” matching scheme. The various algorithms that we consider are implemented in an open- source graph partitioning software called Scotch. In our experiments, Scotch and Crack returned a balanced partition for each execution, whereas MeTiS, the current most used partitioning tool, fails regularly. Additionally, the edgecut of the solutions returned by Scotch and Crack is equivalent or better than the edgecut of the solutions returned by MeTiS.

With an upsurge in number of available smart phones, tablet PCs etc. most users find it easy to access Internet services using mobile applications. It has been a challenging task for mobile application developers to choose suitable security types (types of authentication, authorization, security protocols, cryptographic algorithms etc.) for mobile applications. Choosing an inappropriate security type for a mobile application may lead to performance degradation and vulnerable issues in applications. The choice of the security type can be done by decision making. Decision making is a challenging task for humans. When choosing a single alternative among a set of alternatives with multiple criteria, it is hard to know which one is the better decision. Mobile application developers need to incorporate Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Models to choose a suitable security type for mobile application. A decision model for application security enhances decision making for mobile application developers to decide and set the required security types for the application. In this thesis, we discuss different types of MCDM models that have been applied in an IT security area and scope of applying MCDM models in application security area. Literature review and evaluation of the selected decision models gives a detailed overview on how to use them to provide application security. / The first chapter introduces the thesis work. The second chapter presents the background of decision making models, their process, and the classification of decision making models. The third chapter presents the research methodology we have used in different phases which aims to answer the research questions. The fourth chapter gives a detailed literature study of how decision models can be used in application security. The fifth chapter evaluates selected decision models. The sixth chapter concludes the thesis and presents future work.