CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este estudo apresenta a utilizaÃÃo de Objetos de Aprendizagem (OA) para o ensino do PrincÃpio da Casa dos Pombos. Nosso objetivo à inferir se a utilizaÃÃo de Objetos de Aprendizagem facilita o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O presente estudo foi realizado com uma turma de 2 sÃrie do ensino mÃdio da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e MÃdio Irapuan Cavalcante Pinheiro, situada em Fortaleza, CearÃ. Por se tratar de estudo experimental, utilizamos uma amostra composta por 20 alunos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos, experimental e de controle. Tais grupos, com 10 alunos cada, foram separados de forma aleatÃria por sorteio. Foram utilizados, como instrumentos de coleta, um questionÃrio socioeconÃmico e um teste com questÃes sobre o PrincÃpio da Casa dos Pombos. O programa Microsoft Office Excel nos permitiu organizar e analisar os dados coletados, e indicou um desempenho superior dos participantes do grupo experimental, grupo este, que recebera uma aula diferenciada, com o uso de objetos de aprendizagem. / This study presents the use of learning objects (LO) to the teaching of the Principle of the House of Pigeons. Our goal is to infer that the use of learning objects facilitates the process of teaching and learning. This study was taken place in the Elementary and High School called Irapuan Cavalcante Pinheiro with second-year students in Fortaleza, CearÃ. As this is an experimental study, it has been used a sample of 20 students, who were divided into two groups: experimental one and group of control. Such groups, with 10 students each, were separated randomly by raffle. It has been also used, as data collection, a socioeconomic questionnaire and a test with questions on the Principle of the House of Pigeons. Microsoft Office Excel made possible for us to organize and analyze the data collected, which indicated a superior performance of the experimental group which will receive a special class with the use of learning objects.

Notre étude porte sur la créativité sociale qui se produit lors de la conception collaborative de ressources numériques favorisant la pensée mathématique créative, dans le cadre du projet européen MC Squared (http://www.mc2-project.eu/) visant à développer un environnement socio-technologique pour la conception de ressources. Nous nous concentrons sur deux aspects. D'une part, nous explorons les facteurs qui déclenchent ou entravent la créativité sociale chez les concepteurs. D'autre part, nous étudions les relations entre les systèmes de ressources des concepteurs et les connaissances professionnelles et les choix qu'ils font dans la conception des ressources numériques. Nous nous appuyons sur la théorie de l'activité et la théorie du franchissement de frontières pour étudier l'activité de conception collaborative de ces ressources par une communauté d’intérêt, et sur l'approche documentaire du didactique pour étudier la genèse documentaire liée à la conception collaborative des ressources. Notre méthodologie s'appuie sur deux études de cas, à savoir la conception de deux ressources différentes visant à enseigner et à apprendre l'algèbre élémentaire et la modélisation mathématique respectivement / Our study bring to the fore social creativity that occurs during the collaborative design of digital resources fostering creative mathematical thinking elaborated within the framework of the MC Squared European project (http://www.mc2-project.eu/) aiming at developing a socio-technological environment for design. We focus on two aspects. On the one hand, we explore factors that trigger, or hinder, social creativity among the designers. On the other hand, we investigate the relations between the designers’ resource systems and professional knowledge and the choices they make in the design of digital resources. We draw on activity theory and the theory of boundary crossing to study the activity of the resource design by community of interest, and on the documentational approach to didactics to investigate the documentational genesis related to the resource design. Our methodology relies on two case studies, namely the design of two different resources aiming at teaching and learning elementary algebra and mathematical modelling respectively

A brief account of the work of the Strathy Language Unit (Queen's University)to produce a corpus suitable for supporting the publication of Guide to Canadian English Usage (Oxford 1997, 2nd ed. 2007)

The aim of this study was to examine student´s and teacher´s experiences with digital tools and digital resources in Swedish schools. A qualitative method was used to interview both students and teachers in two different Swedish schools. The goal was to examine if the students experience that the use of digital tools and digital resources affected their learning in a positive or a negative way. In addition, a teacher’s perspective was included in the study to examine whether the teachers experience the use of digital tools and digital resources is an effective teaching method. The theoretical framework that was used in the study was a phenomenographic approach, which focuses on the respondents experiences. The result indicated that teachers and students experience it differently. There are both positive and negative effects with the use of digital tools and digital resources in school from teachers and students. / <p>Betygsdatum: 2021-05-28</p>

The topics of value propositions and service innovation have been highly interesting topics within service-dominant logic. Something that has not been studied in previous research, and the purpose of this thesis, is to investigate; how current value propositions restrict service innovation by restricting digital resource utilization. These restrictions on service innovation could sometimes result in casualties, for example caused by adverse drug reactions, which is one reason why this research question is important. The method used in this thesis is a case study analysis on a pharmaceutical company, which was produced by conducting qualitative interviews and creating a thematic analysis. The analysis is based on empirical material and the literature on value propositions and service innovation. Service innovation is restricted when different practices that constitute the value proposition are restricted in their use of digital resources. The specific restrictions are regulations, inadequate understanding of digital resources' benefits, complexity of implementing digital resources, measuring difficulties, and comfort and protection of current practices. / Ämnena värdeerbjudande och tjänsteinnovation har varit av högt intresse inom tjänstelogiken. Något som inte har studerats i tidigare forskning, och syftet med denna studie, är att undersöka; hur nuvarande värdeerbjudande hindrar tjänsteinnovation genom att hindra utnyttjandet av digitala resurser. Dessa hinder av tjänsteinnovation kan i vissa fall leda till dödsfall vilket är en anledning till att forskningsfrågan är viktig. Metoden i denna uppsats är en fallstudie av ett läkemedelsföretag, som genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer och en tematisk analys. Analysen i uppsatsen är baserad på litteratur om ämnet värdeerbjudande och ämnet tjänsteinnovation. Uppsatsen visar att tjänsteinnovation hindras när företagets värdeerbjudande hindras från att inkorporera digitala resurser. De specifika hindren studien visar är; reglering, bristande förståelse för fördelarna med digitala resurser, komplexitet vid implementering, mätproblem, och bekvämlighet och beskyddande.

English is a globally used language and with the emergence of the digital era, it surrounds usall over the world. This had led to pupils in Sweden meeting English even outside school,which is a concept called extramural English, EE in short (Sundqvist, 2009). This thesisexamines Swedish teachers, who teach years F-3, beliefs on the concept of extramuralEnglish, as well as how they incorporate extramural English via digital resources in theirteaching. To investigate this, both a survey and three interviews with teachers who teachstudents in year F-3 are analyzed.This study shows that most of the teachers who participated are not familiar with the conceptof extramural English, but they all work with similar materials and have similar attitudestowards the concept. This thesis highlights the importance of educated teachers oncontributing factors and pedagogical conditions that extramural English provide to languageteaching, in order to maintain pupils' motivation and create a meaningful English teaching. / <p>Engelska</p>

In recent years, we have witnessed a faster pace of implementation of digital resources in schools, not least due to the covid-19 pandemic. Digital education tools are today considered a main component of schools and are seen as a hygiene factor. In 2017, the Swedish government introduced a national strategy to further digitalise the Swedish schools for that reason. It is believed that it is a matter of equality, that all students deserve a sufficient level of digital competence to improve their learning capabilities. Based on factors linked to active learning and interaction, the purpose of the study is to investigate educators’ experiences of digital teaching in primary schools and how it affects their work. To answer the study’s questions, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with educators who work at schools. The results show that the educators have a positive outlook regarding the use of digital resources and that is makes it easier for educators while at the same time providing students with resources for increased learning. There was thus no talk of a return, but there was criticism around the scope, evaluation, support networks, interaction and interoperability of these tools. However, the theoretical framework shows that there are forces at work that have identified the same problems and are working actively to address these matters. / Under de senaste åren har vi fått bevittna en ännu snabbare takt av implementering av digitala resurser på skolverksamheter, inte minst på grund av covid-19 pandemin. Digitala verktyg anses idag vara en huvudkomponent i skolverksamheter och ses som en hygienfaktor. År 2017 införde regeringen en nationell strategi för att digitalisera alla skolverksamheter av den anledningen. Man menar att det faktiskt är en fråga om jämställdhet, att alla elever ska få besitta en tillräcklig digital kompetens för att kunna ökas in inlärning. Utifrån faktorer kopplade till en aktiv kunskapsproduktion och interaktionsmöjligheter, är studiens syfte att undersöka pedagogers upplevelser av digitalundervisning främst på grundskolan och hur det påverkar deras arbete. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har det genomförts semistrukturerade intervjuer med pedagoger som arbetar på skolverksamheter. Resultaten visar att pedagogerna har en positiv utgångspunkt gällande digitala resurser och att det underlättar för pedagoger samtidigt som det tillför eleverna med resurser för en ökad inlärning. Det talades alltså inte om en tillbakagång men man förde kritik mot omfattningen, utvärderingen, stödnätverket, interaktiviteten och interoperabiliteten kring dessa verktyg. Det teoretiska ramverket påvisar dock att det finns en mängd olika aktörer som i nuläget arbetar med att lösa de problem som identifierats av respondenterna.

Yes / Social media platforms such as Twitter have allowed for a substantial increase in collaboration between academics, allowing access to information and advice from one side of the world to the other. This is especially true among both archaeologists and zooarchaeologists, who often turn to Twitter with faunal bones that they have been unable to identify so that another pair of zooarchaeological eyes can help. In many cases, Twitter has allowed access to reference collections that would have otherwise been inaccessible due to distance and monetary reasons. Based on numerous experiences in using the zooarchaeology community on Twitter to successfully identify archaeofaunal bones, this paper proposes that the next logical step for continuing collaboration among zooarchaeologists to is to develop an international digital database of faunal bone references, crowdsourced from reference collections of zooarchaeologists and institutions around the world. This database could bring zooarchaeology into the Open Access movement that will arguably define the future of archaeology in the digital world.

C’est dans un contexte de pauvreté ou d’exclusion informationnelle, que la diffusion massive des outils informatiques et technologiques dans les bibliothèques de l’enseignement supérieur sénégalais, répond à un urgent besoin de transformation et d’amélioration des modes de fonctionnement et de modernisation des services offerts aux différents publics, notamment les étudiants. Actuellement, dans la quasi-totalité des bibliothèques de recherche et d’étude des universités du Sénégal, se développent des activités de numérisation qui ont culminé avec l’essor de l’Internet. Cette situation a engendré un véritable effet amplificateur des ressources numériques, par la mise en place de moyens de création, un accroissement des accès et le partage de l’information scientifique et technique dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur. En tant que véritables vecteurs de transformation des usages et des pratiques documentaires des usagers dans les bibliothèques de l’enseignement supérieur du Sénégal, le développement des technologies de l’information et de communication, et la croissance des ressources numériques, vont inévitablement bouleverser les rapports traditionnels des étudiants aux bibliothèques. L’objectif de la présente thèse, est, dès lors, d’étudier la transformation de la professionnalité des bibliothécaires, la culture informationnelle des étudiants, et les usages qu’ils font réellement des ressources numériques, au regard des contextes socioculturel, politique, économique et sociotechnique du Sénégal, dans un contexte de société de l’information en construction. Ainsi, pourrons-nous, à travers cette étude, arriver à faire une analyse prospective consacrée au développement et à l’émergence des bibliothèques. / It is in the context of poverty or information exclusion that the massive dissemination of information and technology tools in Senegalese academic libraries responds to an urgent need for transformation and improvement of operational modes as well as modernization of services for different audiences, in particular students. Currently, in almost all academic and research libraries of Senegal digitization activities that crossed the rise of the Internet are being developed. This has created a real increasing effect of digital resources, by the establishment of means of creation and by expansion of access and of sharing of scientific and technical information in higher education institutions. The development of information technology and communication - the true vectors of documentary practices among Senegalese academic libraries users – together with the growth of digital resources, will inevitably turn the traditional relationship between students and libraries upside down. The objective of this thesis is, therefore, to study the transformation of the librarians’ profession, information culture of students, and their use of digital resources, with regard to sociocultural, political, economic, and sociotechnical contexts of Senegal; and in the context of the information society under construction. Thus, through this study, a prospective analysis devoted to the development and the emergence of libraries can be constructed.

L’avènement des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) représente une véritable opportunité dans la diffusion des ressources numériques et des connaissances pour tous. De nombreux résultats ont déjà été obtenus dans le cadre de l’étude de plates-formes informatiques numériques. Elles visent essentiellement à faciliter la mise à disposition des contenus numériques, accompagner l’utilisateur en lui offrant des modalités d’interaction avec le système et dans un contexte de formation, valider les connaissances acquises. Le déploiement large et massif des systèmes d’information de gestion de contenus numériques constitue une première génération d’outils de gestion. Dans ce cadre, des travaux de thèse ont été réalisés au sein du laboratoire L3I dans l’objectif de permettre à ces environnements de gérer efficacement l’interactivité avec leurs utilisateurs et d’adapter leurs exécutions en fonction des profils et du contexte de leurs utilisateurs. Certains résultats de ces travaux ont été mis en œuvre sur la plate-forme POLARIS du laboratoire. Ce contexte a créé un climat qui favorise la production massive et hétérogène de documents numériques dont la gestion (la conception, l’organisation, la sélection et l’usage) pose de nouveaux problèmes. L’objectif général de la thèse consiste à proposer des solutions permettant aux utilisateurs des applications interactives, de gérer leurs documents numériques afin d’éviter qu’ils ne soient submergés par l’immense quantité de documents qu’ils produisent et utilisent quotidiennement. En effet, pour mieux gérer ces documents, nous les encapsulons dans des structures complexes que nous appelons « ressources numériques ». Cela nous permet de mettre en œuvre nos mécanismes d’adaptation : pré-sélectionner les ressources numériques les plus adaptées aux activités de l’utilisateur et adapter les ressources numériques sélectionnées en fonction des caractéristiques de l’utilisateur et de son activité. Les contributions des travaux réalisés dans cette thèse se décrivent sur quatre niveaux. Premièrement, nous proposons un modèle de représentation des données qui caractérisent un utilisateur dans un système de gestion de ressources numériques. Deuxièmement, nous proposons des algorithmes et des mécanismes pour permettre à un utilisateur de sélectionner les ressources numériques pertinentes lors de la réalisation d’une activité. Les mécanismes de sélection proposés permettent une gestion consolidée des ressources numériques, parce qu’ils tiennent compte de la cohérence entre les ressources de l’activité afin de permettre une meilleure utilisation et maintenir une exécution cohérente de son activité. Troisièmement, nous proposons un modèle de ressources numériques qui s’adapte en fonction des caractéristiques de l’utilisateur et de l’activité. Quatrièmement, nous proposons un modèle d’architecture logicielle pour la conception d’une application interactive à exécution adaptative centrée sur la gestion des ressources numériques. Pour expérimenter et valider nos propositions, nous avons développé un prototype logiciel d’une plate-forme pour la gestion personnalisée et collaborative de ressources numériques dédié aux chercheurs appelé PRISE (PeRsonal Interactive Research Smart Environment). / The emergence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) represents a real opportunity for spreading digital resources and knowledge for all. Many results have already been achieved through the study of digital computing environments. They primarily aim at facilitating the provision of digital content, supporting users by ensuring interaction means with the system, and validating the knowledge acquired. The broad and massive deployment of digital content management information systems has left its mark as first generation of digital document management tools. In this context, PhD thesis researches have been carried out in the laboratory L3i to enable these environments to manage interactivity with their users and adapt their performances to users’ profiles and usage contexts. Some results of these works have been implemented within the laboratory platform called POLARIS. This latter has created a climate that fosters the production of massive heterogeneous digital resources which their management (organization, selection, and use) raises new challenges. The main aim of the thesis is to propose solutions that enable users of interactive applications to manage their digital documents in such a way that they are not overwhelmed by the large amount of material they produce and use everyday. In other terms, to better manage these documents, we encapsulate them in complex structures named digital resources. That allows us to implement our adaptation mechanisms : to pre-select the most relevant digital resources to the user’s activities and adapt the selected digital resources to both user and activity characteristics.The contributions of our thesis can be described in four levels. First of all, we propose a data representation model that characterizes a user in a digital resources management system. Secondly, we propose algorithms and mechanisms to enable a user to select relevant digital resources when performing an activity. Selection mechanisms we proposed allow consolidated management of digital resources, since they take into account the consistency among the resources being used in a given activity to enable better use and maintain coherent execution of the activity. Thirdly, we propose a model for digital resources that adapts itself based on both user and activity characteristics. Finally, we propose a software architecture model for the design of an interactive application with adaptive execution centered on digital resource management. To experiment and validate our proposals, we developed a prototype of a platform for personalized and collaborative management of digital resources dedicated to researchers called PRISE (PeRsonal Interactive Research Smart Environment).