The general purpose of this thesis is to provide a gendered analysis of the ways in which States use their power to facilitate and promote accumulation, specifically primitive accumulation. I will seek to demonstrate in this study that women, classed and racialised, and especially those migrating within the neo-liberal global political economy are exploited not only through the classical alienation of their labour, but from the application of the additional extra-economic power of patriarchy and the tools that provides to states, and typically male owning classes. Women&rsquo / s position in patriarchal society and patriarchal capitalism may transform their experiences with capital and the state into a relationship of accumulation by dispossession rather than having their labour alienated and exploited under typical expanded reproduction. States use the constructions of women as subordinate under patriarchy, as well as others about migrant labour, or about the &lsquo / aberrant&rsquo / nature of sex work, to justify the use of women&rsquo / s bodies in the sex trade in a way that promotes the primitive accumulation, or accumulation by dispossession of surplus value from their labour and bodies. This study will use the Turkish Republic of northern Cyprus as an example to highlight the arguments made about the ability of a patriarchal state in collusion with capital, to use the extra controls afforded by patriarchy to primitively accumulate wealth from women, and to reproduce that ability on a continuous scale.

abstract: This dissertation examines automobile title lending practices to interrogate debt as an embodied experience. Alternative financial services such as title lending provide a way to link socio-economic inequality to instruments of financial debt. The predominant research on inequality focuses on wage, income, and asset wealth; rarely is a direct connection made between socio-economic inequality and the object of debt. My interest lies beyond aggregate amounts of debt to also consider the ways in which different bodies have access to different forms of debt. This project examines how particular subprime instruments work to reinforce structural inequalities associated with race, class, and gender and how specific populations are increasingly coming to rely on debt to subsist. Using in-depth interviews, geospatial mapping, and descriptive statistical analysis I show the importance of recognizing debt not only as a conditional object but also as a lived condition of being. I conclude with discussions on dispossession and financial precarity to consider how the normative discourse of debt needs to change. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Justice Studies 2016

During World War Two, 77 Japanese Canadians were uprooted from Saltspring Island, and eleven properties were taken from them and later liquidated. The largest belonged to Torazo Iwasaki, and was purchased by the agent for the Custodian of Enemy Property, Gavin Mouat. In contradiction to the widely held view that Japanese Canadians were stoic and accepting of the injustice they faced, a number of Japanese Canadian Saltspringers fiercely resisted what was being done to them. The Iwasaki family launched a court case against the government in 1967 that went all the way to the Supreme Court, and in the face of continued racism the Murakami family returned to Saltspring to rebuild their lives. This thesis investigates the position of the Japanese Canadians in the settler society on Saltspring and how racisms were manifested within it, the government’s decision to liquidate Japanese Canadian properties, and the resistance and resilience of some of the island’s Japanese Canadians. Racist politicians, including the MLA representing the island, were calling for the removal of Japanese Canadians from the west coast. They led the drive to ethnically cleanse British Columbia, but their success depended on the cooperation and acquiescence of many others. This microhistory explains how this process took place on Saltspring Island, while examining the larger story of the decision to liquidate and challenging the legality of the government’s actions. Seventy-five years after the uprooting, a frank acknowledgment of past injustices will be necessary for the full reconciliation of Japanese Canadian survivors and the Saltspring community. / Graduate / 2019-03-26 / 0334 0631

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-19T14:09:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Aline Cristina Nascimento - 2014.pdf: 4963064 bytes, checksum: cacc7451f4591701578717c8a9e5bda0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-19T14:09:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Aline Cristina Nascimento - 2014.pdf: 4963064 bytes, checksum: cacc7451f4591701578717c8a9e5bda0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-19T14:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Aline Cristina Nascimento - 2014.pdf: 4963064 bytes, checksum: cacc7451f4591701578717c8a9e5bda0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of our analytical effort in this research work focuses on understanding the transformation of a fraction of the planning process , starting with the analysis of peasant territory to reach the unfolding given to peasants after the construction of the hydroelectric reservoir Sierra Facão. It is this question that guides this research , whose geographic divisions is flooded by the reservoir of the hydroelectric Sierra Machete , the San Marcos River Valley area, which had a rapid process of territorial transformation in a short time . To understand this metamorphosis we assume that the logic of construction planning is a dialectical unity in which both occur the construction , destruction , maintenance , and of course the transformation . In this context , we try to unravel this process by identifying three historical moments : the formation of peasant territory , territoriality peasant , peasant based on the triad of land, labor and family and consolidated by Peasant Community , the transformation of the territory given by the reservoir hydroelectric Sierra Facão with the aim of creating value , producing and reproducing capital and finally, the meaning and destiny of dispossessed peasants . / O objetivo do nosso esforço analítico neste trabalho de pesquisa incide na compreensão do processo de transformação de uma fração do território, iniciando pela análise do território camponês até chegar ao desdobramento dado aos camponeses após a construção do reservatório da hidrelétrica Serra do Facão. É esta questão que norteia a presente pesquisa, cujo o recorte geográfico é a área inundada pelo reservatório da hidrelétrica Serra do Facão, no Vale do Rio São Marcos, que teve um rápido processo de transformação territorial num curto espaço de tempo. Para compreendermos esta metamorfose partimos do pressuposto de que a lógica da construção do território é uma unidade dialética em que simultaneamente ocorrem a construção, a destruição, a manutenção e, evidentemente, a transformação. Nesse contexto, procuramos desvendar tal processo através da identificação de três momentos históricos: a formação do território camponês, a territorialidade camponesa, fundada na tríade camponesa da terra, trabalho e família e consolidada pela Comunidade Camponesa, a transformação do território dado pela formação do reservatório da hidrelétrica Serra do Facão com o objetivo de gerar valor, produzindo e reproduzindo capital e por fim, o significado e destino dos camponeses expropriados.

[pt] A tese apresenta um painel crítico acerca da obra ficcional e ensaística do escritor argentino Ricardo Piglia (1940), tendo como perspectiva a noção de literatura como laboratório da escrita. Para o autor, um escritor escreve para saber o que é a literatura, e essa é a proposição que percorre a tese. A escrita como espaço de construção utópico, laboratório onde a tradição é a memória da biblioteca pessoal que serve a cada escritor e que é determinada por suas leituras e por sua capacidade de associá-las. O resultado é uma literatura em processo permanente de reescritura, que apropria e desapropria os textos que formam sua biblioteca-memória pessoal e trabalha incessamente com os limites entre o real e o fictício, o falso e o verdadeiro, a crítica e a ficção. / [en] The dissertation presents a critical panel over the fictional and essayistic work of Argentinean writer Ricardo Piglia (1940) having as its perspective the notion of literature as a laboratory of writing. To the author a writer writes to know what literature is, and this is the proposition that traverses the Thesis. The writing as a space of utopist construction, a laboratory where tradition is the memory of the personal library which serves each writer and is determined by his/her readings and capacity of associate them. The result is a literature in permanent process of rewrite, which appropriates and expropriates the texts that constitute its personal library-memory and works unceasingly with the limits between real and fictitious, false and true, critic and fiction.

My research examines the three interrelated concepts of crisis; new imperialisms, spatial-temporal fix and accumulation by dispossession (ABD) stemming from the work of David Harvey as a way to understand the contested history of the Pakistan Railways. For the first thirty odd years after Pakistan's inception in 1947, the railways, a state-owned institution, was the primary mode of transport for the public, cargo, and workers. Alongside basic infrastructure, the railways had a vast network of hospitals, schools, workers' colonies and an array of physical infrastructure connected to production, operations and other aspects of the economy. The systematic ransack and decline of the Pakistan Railways reached its peak in 2010. Despite several attempts throughout the 1990s by successive democratic and military-led governments backed by the IMF/World Bank in 2015, it was announced that Pakistan railways would be revived under the banner of the 46 billion dollar China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as part of the changing geopolitical context of growing regional connectivity and new Chinese imperialism. By examining the processes that underlie ABD, such as spatial-temporal fix, the following research shows that these processes not only reflect a shift of resources away from the public domain, but in Pakistan also entailed the transformation of the railways from a utilitarian welfare organization to an entity that facilitates looting, unbundling, and dispossession of shared resources and infrastructure.

One of the major problems that characterizes the Colombian countryside is the extreme concentration of land. When addressing the question of how land has been concentrated in Colombia, often the emphasis is placed on phenomena such as armed violence and drug-trafficking. While they have contributed, often the point that these factors have been embedded in broader dynamics of exploitation is missed. Through a case study of the Meta region and drawing on the analysis of policy documents, news reports, interviews and the review of literature, this study explores the problematic of land concentration in Colombia, and how it has evolved over the last decades, and in the context of the peace process. This research shows that land accumulation in Colombia has been generated through a continuous process of dispossession in which peasants have been disassociated from their land and means of production. This process has taken two main pathways: a gunpoint dispossession, characterized by the use of force and coercion, and a homogeneity dispossession, also violent but with less visible expressions. Both forms of dispossession have been facilitated by what has been called as inequality regime – i.e. the articulation of political and economic mechanisms that, together with powerful narratives, have favoured the accumulation of private capital. This configuration has been adjusting to the new post-agreement context. Today, capitalist exploitation projects in Colombia are justified not only in the name of development and security, but now also in the name of peace. This study shows the need of paying greater attention to everyday processes of accumulation in order to strategically address sustainability and development issues. In particular, the understanding of land concentration dynamics is crucial for discussing strategies and policies to effectively promote a more sustainable and just agri-food system in Colombia.

Los Zetas are considered by security analysts to be a transformative force within transnational criminal organizations (TCO), exporting their unique model throughout Mexico. Los Zetas’ idiosyncratic interventions include their diversification of criminal operations, professionalization of TCO security, sophisticated use of media and technology, extreme forms of violent coercion, and decentralized command structure. This project aims to complicate the narrative that Los Zetas emerged because of top leaders’ sadistic tendencies or due to an inherently violent culture in Mexico by reframing the group’s evolution within historical processes. Moving beyond Los Zetas, this project examines how persons affected by Los Zetas’ indiscriminate use of violence are forces of activism and social change, connecting opposition culture in Mexico to criminal impunity and resistance movements in Guerrero. Examining Los Zetas in connection with Cold War militarization in Latin America, processes of democratization in Mexico, and the neoliberal order, this analysis views Los Zetas as products and agents of structural inequities, destroying spaces of community cohesion to create spaces of elite economic growth.

No description available.

The thesis is based on the ethnographic fieldwork done during February 2015 in a place where aspects of transitory life are configured in an effort to (re)humanize those migrants that have been exposed to harm and (dis)possession, and thus entangled within an undesirable physical reality. Empirical attention is dedicated to the ways and means in which a particular migrant shelter located in the border region of Mexico-US operates and fulfills its purpose. The theoretical framework relates to being of transit as the composition of the migrants’ emergent state of uncertainty and instability within their continuous transitory experience. This is juxtaposed with Karen Barad’s (2007) posthumanist performativity analysis of how discourse and the material markers that make up transitory Mexico-US are a composition of assembled actions of (dis)possession processes of social, political, and historical power relations constantly becoming in practice. Additionally, the focus expands on how more-than-human elements and material possessions are intra-acting with the migrants that became part of the study. Therefore, through the politics of mobility and violence, the thesis explores how the people, places and things that assemble transitory Mexico-US evidence such undesirable physical reality. That is to say, a ceaseless diffracting ebb and flow of co-constituted intra- acting humans and non-humans in constant momentum and positionality conceptualizing the phenomenon of being a migrant, thing, or place of transit.