This diploma thesis deals with an electronic (digital) archiving issue and its using in the financial accounting and general company matters. The thesis is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part includes the legislative framework in the archiving theory, after that there is an analysis of means for the internal and external communication in companies. At the end of the theoretical part is contained an archiving standardization, archiving strategies and some products and solutions to a trustworthy electronic archiving in organizations. The practical part is based on the author's survey about using the electronic archiving in the Czech Republic. The procedure of the survey was performed by sending of an electronic questionnaire. At first, the structure of respondents is pursued, in the second part follows the analysis of the reached outcome.

The current age is characterised by unprecedented information growth, whether it is by amount or complexity. Most of it is available in digital form so we can analyze it using cluster analysis. We have tried to classify the documents from 20 Newsgroups collection in terms of their content only. The aim was to asses available clustering methods in a variety of applications. After the transformation into binary vector representation we performed several experiments and measured the values of entropy, purity and time of execution in application CLUTO. For a small number of clusters the best results offered the direct method (generally hierarchical method), but for more it was the repeated bisection (divisive). Agglomerative method proved not to be suitable. Using simulation we estimated the optimal number of clusters to be 10. For this solution we described in detail features of each cluster using repeated bisection method and i2 criterion function. In the future focus should be set on realisation of binary clustering with advantage of programming languages like Perl or C++. Results of this work might be of interest to web search engine developers and electronic catalogue administrators.

The objective of this thesis is to provide a survey of document digitalization and to analyse the market of companies outsourcing the document digitalization. The first part of the thesis decribes the technology of scannig and the methods of document recognition and data minig. It also decribes the systems of barcodes used to identify documents. Furthermore, this thesis includes the principles of document saving and electronic (digital) signature issues from the viewpoint of Czech legislation. Its contribution lies in analysing the companies dealing with outsourcing of the document digitalization and in the view of a company using these services. A brief outlook to the future regarding this topic is included as well.

La présente thèse se propose de résoudre les problématiques de facilités de contrôle optique d’un document de sécurité pourvu d’un hologramme par l’application d’une structure optique complexe mettant en œuvre les modes de plasmons de surface. Dans une partie dédiée nous démontrerons l’adaptation de la transmission extraordinaire plasmonique à travers une couche métallique continue ; un concept de sécurité sera aussi présenté permettant l’observation et l’authentification de l’effet transmissif. Dans une autre partie nous présentons un effet de réflexion plasmonique extraordinaire. En lieu et place des phénomènes classiques d’absorption sur une couche métallique épaisse, nous présentons un phénomène que nous avons nommé balance énergétique à médiation plasmonique. Cet effet est bien évidemment mis en évidence à travers un concept final adapté au domaine de l’optique de sécurité / The aim of this PhD thesis is to find optical solutions based on plasmon modes excitation for the control and the authentication of optical security documents. We developed complex optical structures for the excitation of plasmon modes in order to create “easy to catch” and “easy to check" effect. In the first part of the thesis we demonstrated the extraordinary optical transmission through a thin corrugated metallic layer using the Long range plasmon mode; a concept of optical document security is demonstrated. In a second part of the thesis we developed an unusual plasmon effect in reflexion. Instead of having absorption of the spectrum due to the plasmon excitation, we have reflection of the spectrum due to the plasmon excitation using higher diffracted orders. We call this effect "reflection switch" mediated by plasmon. At the end we developed the concept to an optical security document

En recherche d’information, les documents sont le plus souvent considérés comme des "sacs-de-mots". Ce modèle ne tient pas compte de la structure temporelle du document et est sensible aux bruits qui peuvent altérer la forme lexicale. Ces bruits peuvent être produits par différentes sources : forme peu contrôlée des messages des sites de micro-blogging, messages vocaux dont la transcription automatique contient des erreurs, variabilités lexicales et grammaticales dans les forums du Web. . . Le travail présenté dans cette thèse s’intéresse au problème de la représentation de documents issus de sources bruitées.La thèse comporte trois parties dans lesquelles différentes représentations des contenus sont proposées. La première partie compare une représentation classique utilisant la fréquence des mots à une représentation de haut-niveau s’appuyant sur un espace de thèmes. Cette abstraction du contenu permet de limiter l’altération de la forme de surface du document bruité en le représentant par un ensemble de caractéristiques de haut-niveau. Nos expériences confirment que cette projection dans un espace de thèmes permet d’améliorer les résultats obtenus sur diverses tâches de recherche d’information en comparaison d’une représentation plus classique utilisant la fréquence des mots.Le problème majeur d’une telle représentation est qu’elle est fondée sur un espace de thèmes dont les paramètres sont choisis empiriquement.La deuxième partie décrit une nouvelle représentation s’appuyant sur des espaces multiples et permettant de résoudre trois problèmes majeurs : la proximité des sujets traités dans le document, le choix difficile des paramètres du modèle de thèmes ainsi que la robustesse de la représentation. Partant de l’idée qu’une seule représentation des contenus ne peut pas capturer l’ensemble des informations utiles, nous proposons d’augmenter le nombre de vues sur un même document. Cette multiplication des vues permet de générer des observations "artificielles" qui contiennent des fragments de l’information utile. Une première expérience a validé cette approche multi-vues de la représentation de textes bruités. Elle a cependant l’inconvénient d’être très volumineuse,redondante, et de contenir une variabilité additionnelle liée à la diversité des vues. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons une méthode s’appuyant sur l’analyse factorielle pour fusionner les vues multiples et obtenir une nouvelle représentation robuste,de dimension réduite, ne contenant que la partie "utile" du document tout en réduisant les variabilités "parasites". Lors d’une tâche de catégorisation de conversations,ce processus de compression a confirmé qu’il permettait d’augmenter la robustesse de la représentation du document bruité.Cependant, lors de l’élaboration des espaces de thèmes, le document reste considéré comme un "sac-de-mots" alors que plusieurs études montrent que la position d’un terme au sein du document est importante. Une représentation tenant compte de cette structure temporelle du document est proposée dans la troisième partie. Cette représentation s’appuie sur les nombres hyper-complexes de dimension appelés quaternions. Nos expériences menées sur une tâche de catégorisation ont montré l’efficacité de cette méthode comparativement aux représentations classiques en "sacs-de-mots". / In the Information Retrieval field, documents are usually considered as a "bagof-words". This model does not take into account the temporal structure of thedocument and is sensitive to noises which can alter its lexical form. These noisescan be produced by different sources : uncontrolled form of documents in microbloggingplatforms, automatic transcription of speech documents which are errorprone,lexical and grammatical variabilities in Web forums. . . The work presented inthis thesis addresses issues related to document representations from noisy sources.The thesis consists of three parts in which different representations of content areavailable. The first one compares a classical representation based on a term-frequencyrepresentation to a higher level representation based on a topic space. The abstractionof the document content allows us to limit the alteration of the noisy document byrepresenting its content with a set of high-level features. Our experiments confirm thatmapping a noisy document into a topic space allows us to improve the results obtainedduring different information retrieval tasks compared to a classical approach based onterm frequency. The major problem with such a high-level representation is that it isbased on a space theme whose parameters are chosen empirically.The second part presents a novel representation based on multiple topic spaces thatallow us to solve three main problems : the closeness of the subjects discussed in thedocument, the tricky choice of the "right" values of the topic space parameters and therobustness of the topic-based representation. Based on the idea that a single representationof the contents cannot capture all the relevant information, we propose to increasethe number of views on a single document. This multiplication of views generates "artificial"observations that contain fragments of useful information. The first experimentvalidated the multi-view approach to represent noisy texts. However, it has the disadvantageof being very large and redundant and of containing additional variability associatedwith the diversity of views. In the second step, we propose a method based onfactor analysis to compact the different views and to obtain a new robust representationof low dimension which contains only the informative part of the document whilethe noisy variabilities are compensated. During a dialogue classification task, the compressionprocess confirmed that this compact representation allows us to improve therobustness of noisy document representation.Nonetheless, during the learning process of topic spaces, the document is consideredas a "bag-of-words" while many studies have showed that the word position in a7document is useful. A representation which takes into account the temporal structureof the document based on hyper-complex numbers is proposed in the third part. Thisrepresentation is based on the hyper-complex numbers of dimension four named quaternions.Our experiments on a classification task have showed the effectiveness of theproposed approach compared to a conventional "bag-of-words" representation.

Ce projet de recherche s'inscrit dans la thématique de l'analyse et du diagnostic de l'industrie bancaire et suit la production du sens dans les pratiques bancaires, visant particulièrement trois axes où le sens est produit : l'information, le document bancaire et la communication. au-delà de l'approche de la perspective du technicien, ce projet se propose de mobiliser les outils, les enseignements et les perspectives interdisciplinaires qu'offrent les sciences de l'information et de la communication (sic) en convoquant les acquis des champs de recherche comme la philosophie, les sciences du langage, l'économie, et bien sûr, la sociologie. l'objet de la recherche est celui des pratiques d'information et de la communication (formalisées ou non- formalisées) engagées par les représentatives de la banque (le personnel) et par les partenaires externes (les autorités, les clients, les fournisseurs). le projet empirique est structuré en vue d'un double objectif. d'abord, la recherche se propose de participer à la dynamique précipitée des marchés financiers et aux changements qui sont devenues souvent radicales en vue de l'adaptation aux nouvelles exigences de l'environnement. ensuite, le deuxième objectif de la recherche est de révéler les pratiques innovantes de l'information et de la communication que les banques ont mises en scène afin de répondre aux besoins des clients et de s'adapter aux nouvelles pressions économique (les fluxes internes de l'information et de la communication, les documents formalisés en procédures, normatives, rapports, analyses destinées tant a l'use interne et externe). méthodologiquement, il s'agit d'un projet de recherche participative. / This research project belongs to the thematic of the analysis and diagnosis for the banking industry and follows the creation of meaning in banking practices, by targeting mainly the next three areas: information, bank document and communication. The object of the research consists in the banking practice (formal or non-formal) engaged either internally and externally. This project aims to mobilize tools, lessons and interdisciplinary perspectives offered by the information and communication science (ICS) and to converge also the achievements of research fields such as philosophy, languages, economy or sociology sciences. My observations, based on the participative research methodology, are structured for a double purpose. First, the research targets to join the previous efforts to emphasize the communication’s role, by focusing on the meaning’s creation. The second objective is to reveal the innovative information and communication practice that banks have implemented to meet customer’s needs and to adapt to the new economic pressures.

The major goal of information integration is to provide efficient and easy-to-use access to multiple heterogeneous data sources with a single query. At the same time, one of the current trends is to use standard technologies for implementing solutions to complex software problems. In this dissertation, I used XML and XQuery as the standard technologies and have developed an extended projection algorithm to provide a solution to the information integration problem. In order to demonstrate my solution, I implemented a prototype mediation system called Omphalos based on XML related technologies. The dissertation describes the architecture of the system, its metadata, and the process it uses to answer queries. The system uses XQuery expressions (termed metaqueries) to capture complex mappings between global schemas and data source schemas. The system then applies these metaqueries in order to rewrite a user query on a virtual global database (representing the integrated view of the heterogeneous data sources) to a query (termed an outsourced query) on the real data sources. An extended XML document projection algorithm was developed to increase the efficiency of selecting the relevant subset of data from an individual data source to answer the user query. The system applies the projection algorithm to decompose an outsourced query into atomic queries which are each executed on a single data source. I also developed an algorithm to generate integrating queries, which the system uses to compose the answers from the atomic queries into a single answer to the original user query. I present a proof of both the extended XML document projection algorithm and the query integration algorithm. An analysis of the efficiency of the new extended algorithm is also presented. Finally I describe a collaborative schema-matching tool that was implemented to facilitate maintaining metadata.

Under de senaste decennierna har webben utvecklats allt mer, och är idag en stor del av människors vardag. Det finns idag över 1,8 miljarder webbplatser i bruk, och över 97% av dessaanvänder sig av JavaScript som programmeringsspråk för klientsidan. Människans koncentrationsförmåga har också minskat genom åren, och det ställs idag allt högre krav på snabba responstider på webben. Användarupplevelsen är också väldigt viktig för att en webbplats ska lyckas med sitt ändamål. Vi har i vår studie valt att undersöka och jämföra prestandan i JavaScript-ramverken Svelte och Vue, där vi ville studera eventuella prestandaskillnader med särskild fokus på responstider. Vi ville även undersöka om eventuella prestandaskillnader kunde upplevas av användarna vid olika typer av manipulationer av DOMen, såsom exempelvis tillägg och borttagning av HTML-elementet <div> i både större och mindre skala, och således påverka användarupplevelsen. Vi utvecklade två stycken single-page-applikationer som använder sig utav JavaScript, där den ena använder sig av Vue och den andra utav Svelte som frontend-ramverk, för att sedan utföra prestandatester på bägge webbplatserna. Därefter lät vi en grupp användare testa webbplatserna för att sedan svara på en enkät, där enkätfrågorna fokuserade på hur de upplevde prestandan ochom de kunde märka någon skillnad mellan applikationerna. Datainsamlingen för att kunna besvara de andra parametrarna för ramverken som denna studieämnade att undersöka, som går under användbarhet, skedde genom att skicka ut en enkät där vi lät både professionella frontend-utvecklare samt utvecklare på hobbynivå med erfarenhet av både Svelte och Vue besvara ett antal frågor om användbarhet. Slutsatsen av studien mynnar ut i att prestandaskillnader mellan ramverken i våra single-page-applikationer existerar, och kan i vissa fall också märkas av användarna. Om utvecklarna själva får bestämma vilket ramverk de föredrar väljer de professionella utvecklarna att arbeta med Vue och hobbyutvecklarna Svelte. För den officiella dokumentationen tenderade båda respondentgrupperna att föredra Vue över Svelte.

The main target of selecting the electronic document management system is to boost the efficiency of organization. The Master's dissertation describes the main problems associated with assessing the parameters of existing systems, and the results of the selection document management system chosen for Ural Federal University. / Главная цель выбора системы электронного документооборота повысить эффективность организации. В диссертации описаны основные проблемы, связанные с оценкой параметров существующих систем и результатов выбора системы управления документами в Уральском Федеральном Университете.

Объект исследования – документационное обеспечение деятельности органов государственной власти. Предмет исследования – современные технологии документационного обеспечения в деятельности исполнительных органов государственной власти. Цель работы – анализ технологий документационного обеспечения деятельности органов государственной власти и внедрении современных технологий документационного обеспечения в Информационном центре ГУ МВД России по Свердловской области. В работе были рассмотрены технологии работы с документами в Информационном центре ГУ МВД России по Свердловской области. Их также можно разделить на технологии работы с входящими, исходящими и внутренними документами. Поскольку МВД России является государственным органом исполнительной власти, деятельность которого неразрывно связана с государственной тайной, в Информационного центра выделяется общее и секретное делопроизводство. Основным документом, регламентирующим работу с документами в Информационном центре, является Инструкция по делопроизводству в органах внутренних дел РФ, а работа с секретным делопроизводством ведется на основании Инструкции по обеспечению режима секретности в органах внутренних дел РФ. Во второй главе приведены статистические данные о сохраняющихся тенденциях нарастания секретных и несекретных документационных потоков в деятельности Информационного центра. Для повышения эффективности организации делопроизводства были разработаны рекомендации документационного обеспечения работы с документами в деятельности Информационного центра, а также разработан проект по внедрению технологий документационного обеспечения в деятельность Информационного центра. / The object of the research is documentation of the activities of state authorities. The subject of the research is modern technologies of documentation support in the activities of executive bodies of state power. The purpose of the work is to analyze technologies for documentary support of the activities of public authorities and the introduction of modern technologies for document support in the Information Center of the Main Directorate. Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Sverdlovsk region. The paper considered technologies for working with documents in the Information Center of the Main Directorate. Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Sverdlovsk region. They can also be divided into technologies for working with incoming, outgoing and internal documents. Since the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is a state executive body, the activities of which are inextricably linked with state secrets, general and secret office work is allocated in the Information Center. The main document regulating the work with documents in the Information Center is the Instruction on office work in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, and work with secret office work is carried out on the basis of the Instruction on ensuring secrecy in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The second chapter provides statistical data on the continuing trends in the growth of secret and unclassified documentary flows in the activities of the Information Center. To improve the efficiency of the organization of office work, recommendations were developed for documentary support for working with documents in the activities of the Information Center, and a project was developed for the introduction of technologies for document support in the activities of the Information Center.