The aim of the study is to investigate how “listening” takes placein apreschool in Reggio Emilia, a city in northern Italy. This is a phenomenological study that investigates “listening” as a phenomenon based on children ́sand pedagogues ́ experiences. Three pedagogues and eleven children was interviewed in order to get knowledge about three main aspects: how “listening” is interpreted by pedagogues and children and put in practice in a Reggio Emilia pedagogy-also known as “the pedagogy of listening”; if children experience that they are being listened to and whether they have an influence in the preschool ́s activities; and whether the Reggio Emilia pedagogy affects the relationship between pedagogues and children. The findings show that “listening” is a complex concept that includes a variety of meanings that result in many different interpretations on how to put it in to practice. As described in other studies there is a risk of making children objects of adult research, thus affecting a genuine relationship between pedagogues and children. In these studies, the Reggio Emilia pedagogy is described as a method with fixed and rigid techniques of listening. According to the results in this study this seems to be avoidable by considering the Reggio Emilia pedagogy as an approach that is adaptable to different children groups, as well asactively involving children in their own documentation process. The results also demonstrate that children donot feel that they area part of the decision making when it comes to the preschool ́s activities. This is due to the fact that children’s interests are subject to interpretation by the pedagogues, who then often redirect them towards more desirable contents according to their own intentions. Also, the preschool environment is seen as a “third pedagogue” as it communicates to the children which activities and interactions are considered possible in a certain space.

Due to the high competitive nature of the fashion industry, it is essential for businesses to have precise and update information regarding its orders from every part of the supply chain. However, in nowadays conditions, when manufacturing process is outsourced worldwide, but lead times tend always to become shorter complexity of the supply chain has increased significantly that makes very complicated to ensure good visibility, communication, and coordination through the chain. The aim of this thesis is to find the way of managing complexity within Gefa International AB, located in Sweden, by improving its documentation and reorganizing the supply chain. By analyzing the company’s organization three main problems have been identified as: lack of the technical department, presence of intermediaries between the focal firm Gefa and manufacturers, and finally the current modification of the computer system Pisa that does not allow using developed set of documentation in the appropriate way. Two suggested solution should solve these problems and improve performance of the company. First, it is proposed to exclude intermediaries from the supply chain and to add one more work place in the company for the technical assistance. Second, it is necessary to adapt current computer system to the developed set of documentation. These solutions require additional expenses. However, preliminary calculations show that it could be covered by the economies on the middlemen’s interest. / Program: Applied Textile Management

Due to the high competitive nature of the fashion industry, it is essential for businesses to have precise and update information regarding its orders from every part of the supply chain. However, in nowadays conditions, when manufacturing process is outsourced worldwide, but lead times tend always to become shorter complexity of the supply chain has increased significantly that makes very complicated to ensure good visibility, communication, and coordination through the chain. The aim of this thesis is to find the way of managing complexity within Gefa International AB, located in Sweden, by improving its documentation and reorganizing the supply chain. By analyzing the company’s organization three main problems have been identified as: lack of the technical department, presence of intermediaries between the focal firm Gefa and manufacturers, and finally the current modification of the computer system Pisa that does not allow using developed set of documentation in the appropriate way. Two suggested solution should solve these problems and improve performance of the company. First, it is proposed to exclude intermediaries from the supply chain and to add one more work place in the company for the technical assistance. Second, it is necessary to adapt current computer system to the developed set of documentation. These solutions require additional expenses. However, preliminary calculations show that it could be covered by the economies on the middlemen’s interest. / Program: Applied Textile Management

This study approaches CERDOTOLA from a librarian perspective while looking at the introduction of digital libraries and possible issues that could arise during the development of a cultural digital repository. In spite of existing cooperation agreements between CERDOTOLA and various local, regional, and international organizations involved in cultural documentation, the present inter-institutional collaborations rarely reflect a level of involvement that brings direct input from stakeholders. This problem is set within normative institutionalism and reveals the difficulties in leveraging the technologies of digital libraries in order to effectively contribute to the development digital collections. This research is a qualitative case study that analyzes and discusses 10 individual interviews, 2 group interviews, 1 focus group discussion, and multiple site observations with critical discourse analysis. The analysis is based on Siegfried Jäger and Florentine Maier’s interpretation of Foucault’s critical discourse analysis and dispositive. A major finding of the study is that there is a lack of trust in and among institutions that impairs any collaboration is spite of the fact that digital libraries are valued and progressively accepted by the local LIS community. An organization such as the CERDOTOLA that tends to capitalize on alliances and inter-institutional collaborative agreements may need to re-conceptualize its view of stakeholders and reconcile the stakeholders’ understanding of digital libraries and digital libraries’ contents with its internal objectives. The conclusion of the study is that a redefinition of stakeholders’ roles and the direct involvement of the groups who own cultural materials could ease the documentation and digitalization process. Since the study mainly focuses on the opinion of LIS professionals and the example of one specific ethnic group, further research is recommended with additional groups using the same methodology. / Program: Masterprogram: Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster

INTRODUÇÃO: A Companhia de Jesus desde o seu início influenciou as mais diversas esferas da sociedade, incluindo o campo informacional. Uma das formas de exercer tal influência foi através das cartas escritas pelos religiosos. OBJETIVO: Identificar e analisar as primeiras prescrições para a escrita epistolar da Companhia de Jesus, investigando o conteúdo das prescrições e comparando-as entre si. MÉTODO: Revisão de literatura sobre o contexto histórico-informacional do século XVI, mais especificamente sobre as primeiras décadas da expansão do impresso e a epistolografia no período, focando nos manuais para a escrita de cartas; a revisão procurou ressaltar as contribuições dos jesuítas no contexto. RESULTADOS: O levantamento encontrou três normas epistolares nos primeiros anos da Companhia: as Reglas (1547), alguns artigos das Constituições relativos ao tema (1558) e a Formula scribendi (1565), cuja tradução em língua portuguesa foi feita exclusivamente para este trabalho. A análise delas mostrou que a Companhia elaborou normativas rígidas para a produção e circulação das cartas, mas que possibilitaram a criação de uma verdadeira rede de informações epistolares pelo mundo. CONCLUSÕES: Os jesuítas tiveram papel relevante no contexto informacional do século XVI, sobretudo através de suas cartas. Por determinarem questões como autores, destinatários, temas das cartas e seus prazos, as normas epistolares foram de essencial importância para a manutenção dessa rede de informações. / INTRODUCTION: The Society of Jesus from its inception has influenced the most diverse spheres of society, including the informational field. One of the ways of exercising such influence was through the letters written by the religious. OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the first prescriptions for the epistolary writing of the Society of Jesus, investigating their contents and comparing them with each other. METHOD: Literature review on the historical-informational context of the sixteenth century, more specifically on the first decades of print expansion and epistolography in the period, focusing on manuals for writing letters; the review sought to emphasize the contributions of the Jesuits in the context. RESULTS: The survey found three epistolary norms in the first years of the Society: the Rules (1547), some articles of the Constitutions (1558) on the subject and the Formula scribendi (1565), whose translation into Portuguese was made exclusively for this work. Their analysis showed that the Society developed rigid norms for the production and circulation of letters, but that made possible the creation of a true network of epistolary information throughout the world. CONCLUSIONS: The Jesuits played a relevant role in the informational context of the sixteenth century, especially through their letters. By determining issues such as authors, recipients, themes of the letters and their deadlines, the rules of letters were of essential importance for the maintenance of this information network.

O objetivo da presente tese é oferecer um levantamento documental acerca da produção musical evangélica no Brasil. Em termos teológicos e institucionais, o protestantismo procurou evidenciar mais os elementos que uniam as diferentes denominações do que os que as diferenciavam, e essa característica transparece na produção musical, uma vez que há livre trânsito de cantores e compositores entre igrejas e empresas do ramo e o repertório musical é basicamente um só, oriundo da tradição norte-americana da chamada era missionária, ocorrida em meados do século XIX e uma posterior produção nacional, mantendo os mesmos padrões musicais e literários. Considerando os anos de 1930 a 1990, época anterior à produção e distribuição digital da música, em que predominavam os LPs, os famosos bolachões, a pesquisa foi realizada em gravadoras e rádios das cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro através de um mapeamento exaustivo de todo material disponível. Foi criado um banco de dados no Access - Microsoft, onde foram cadastrados 965 álbuns, 9370 canções e 6269 artistas, além de várias outras informações. Foi gerado um relatório que procurou contemplar a maior quantidade possível de dados, porém, para efetivo conhecimento do trabalho, recomenda-se a consulta direta ao banco de dados, disponível em CD-rom. / The objective of the present thesis is to offer a documental survey about the evangelical musical production in Brazil. In theological and institutional terms, Protestantism tried to make more evident the element that united the different denominations than the elements that made them different, and this caracteristic was made clear in the musical production, once there is free transit of singers and composers in churches and companies and the musical repertoire is basically only one, which comes from the North- American tradition of the so called missionary era in the middle of the XIX century and a later national production, maintaining the same literary and musical standarts. Considering the period between 1930 and 1990, a period before the musical production and digital distribution, in which the LPs predominated, the research was carried out in recorders and radio station in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro cities through an intensive registration of all the available material. A database was created in the Access software - Microsoft, where 965 albums, 9370 songs and 6269 artists were registered, in addition to many other pieces of information. A report was produced to provide the largest possible quantity of dada, nerthless, in order to reach effective knowledge and understanding of the research, a consult of the database, available in CD-rom, is recommended.

O trabalho investiga a relação entre documentação e internacionalismo na obra de Paul Otlet (1868-1944), com foco particular no papel do internacionalismo sobre a formação das problemáticas e soluções em torno do documento. Adotaram-se como procedimentos metodológicos levantamento, revisão e análise bibliográfico-documental, constituindo-se um corpus da produção de Otlet e de textos de seus intérpretes. Observa-se a centralidade da Primeira Guerra Mundial na argumentação de Otlet quanto ao funcionamento da vida social, e os modelos descritivos baseados na biologia, na físico-química industrial e no racionalismo pelos quais ele compreende a dinâmica social. Expõe-se seu diagnóstico de crise de crescimento e adaptação das estruturas sociopolíticas frente à internacionalização - a insuficiência do Estado-nação, a proliferação das associações internacionais, a necessidade de uma Sociedade das Nações -, e aponta-se como o internacionalismo se manifesta em seu pensamento tanto como fato quanto como posição política. Discute-se o entendimento de Otlet quanto à documentação como um fenômeno sociotécnico, observando como sua construção fundamenta e fundamenta-se sobre uma visão evolucionária do homem e da sociedade. Observa-se sua articulação das figuras de matéria e força para descrever a ação da documentação sobre o pensamento humano, expondo o documento como condição material para as possibilidades de comunicação duradoura, construção de conhecimento objetivo e em última instância de coesão social. Demonstra-se o contexto do entre-guerras como o momento em que Otlet buscara viabilizar institucionalmente a relação entre documentação e internacionalismo por meio de uma nova estrutura organizacional, o Palais mondial (mais tarde Mundaneum), e pela demanda de reconhecimento pela Liga das Nações das demandas sociais por cooperação intelectual internacional. Expõe-se como Otlet conectaria assim o desenvolvimento de consenso e a possibilidade de ação democrática ao desenvolvimento do conhecimento e à organização dos documentos. Aponta-se, por fim, a interdependência entre documentação e internacionalismo em Otlet como exemplo da necessidade de se considerar os elementos políticos e sociais subjacentes às concepções teóricas e técnicas na Ciência da Informação. / This research investigates the relationship between documentation and internationalism in Paul Otlet\'s (1868-1944) thought, focusing specifically in how internationalism informs the problematics and solutions surrounding the document. The methods employed were bibliographic and documentary survey, review and analysis of a corpus of Otlet\'s texts, as well as texts form his interpreters. It observes the centrality of the First World War in Otlet\'s reasoning concerning the workings of social life, and the descriptive models based on biology, industrial physics and chemistry, and rationalism through which he understood social dynamics. It exposes his diagnosis of a crisis of social growth and adaptation to internationalization - the insufficiency of the Nation-State, the proliferation of international associations, the need for a Society of Nations -, and it establishes how internationalism manifests in his thought both as a fact and as a political position. It discusses Otlet\'s understanding of documentation as a sociotechnical phenomenon, following how its construction supports and is supported by an evolutionary view of man and society. It observes how he employs the images of matter and force to describe the effect of documentation on human thought, pointing out the document as the material condition for the possibilities of sustained communication, the development of objective knowledge and ultimately social cohesion. It demonstrates how in the years between the World Wars Otlet aimed to establish institutionally the connection between documentation and internationalism, both by conceiving a new organizational structure, the Palais mondial (later Mundaneum), and by arguing for the League of Nations\' recognition of the social demands for international intellectual cooperation. It exposes how Otlet connected thus the development of social consensus and the possibility of democratic action to the development of knowledge and the organization of documents. Finally, it points out the interdependence between documentation and internationalism in Otlet\'s thought as an example of the need to consider the political and social elements underlying theoretical and technical conceptions in Information Science.

Orientador: Eduardo Ismael Murguia Marañon / Banca: Marília Xavier Cury / Banca: Telma Campanha de Carvalho Madio / Resumo: O museu é uma unidade de informação que pode apresentar variados tipos de suportes documentais, como os iconográficos, os tridimensionais e os bibliográficos. A documentação em museus trabalha com o tratamento informacional das coleções, desde o registro até a disseminação da informação, cabendo a ela gerir um sistema que atenda a demanda informacional de seu público. Neste sentido, apontamos a necessidade do uso das linguagens documentárias na construção de sistemas documentais museológicos, proporcionando a maximização na recuperação e uso da informação. Algumas peculiaridades da documentação em museus devem ser observadas de modo a justificar a ausência de padronização no registro das coleções. No âmbito da documentação museológica, a pesquisa enfoca a catalogação de objetos de museus como ação mediadora entre o público e o acervo, contribuindo na construção do conhecimento e preservação da memória. Dessa forma, realizou-se um estudo com o Museu Paulista tendo por objetivo geral subsidiar os procedimentos documentais dos museus com práticas e reflexões vindas da Teoria da Documentação. Quanto aos objetivos específicos pretendeu-se refletir sobre o papel da documentação museológica no contexto informacional do museu e observar a forma como a representação descritiva é utilizada no Museu Paulista. / Abstract: The museum is a unit of information that can provide various types of documentary support, such as the iconography, the three-dimensional and the bibliographic. The museum documentation works with treatment of collections information, from the registration until the dissemination of information, leaving it to operate a system that attends the information demand of its public. In this regard, we point out the need for the use of languages documented in the construction of systems documentary museum, offering to maximize the recovery and use of information. Some peculiarities of the documentation in museums must be met in order to justify the lack of standardization in the record of collections. Within the museum documentation, the research focuses on the cataloging of objects in museums as action mediator between the public and the body, helping in knowledge construction and preservation of memory. Thus, there was a study of the Museu Paulista aiming to subsidize the general documentary procedures and practices of museums with reflections from the Theory of Documentation. As to the specific objectives intended to reflect on the role of documentation in the museum informacional context and observe how the descriptive representation is used in the Museu Paulista. / Mestre

This final work is trying to evaluate the administrative demands coming from the legal obligation of creating the documentation about the documentation about the transfer prices. In theoretical part autor is talking about the legal requirements for the mandatory documentation about the transfer pricing. In practical part autor is proposing the example of the mandatory documentation of transfer pricing form to existing company and is trying to reply to from what sources are this information coming and if it is about to create a new documents or to use the existing documentation. The conclusion of the work is to evaluate the final administrative demands coming from the obligation to setup the system of transfer pricing.

A partir da fundamentação da documentação e dos recursos de história oral esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de método documentário para artes performáticas de rua. Cinco artistas atuantes na cidade de São Paulo foram selecionados para documentarem suas memórias sobre o tema de artes de rua, e tiveram sua execução artística gravada no formato audiovisual. O método consiste em três etapas qualitativas de captação e tratamento documentário utilizando-se das tecnologias digitais, a saber, a pré-entrevista gravada em áudio, o registro da atuação in loco dos artistas na rua e finalmente uma entrevista roteirizada pelas etapas anteriores gravada em vídeo em um estúdio. O referencial teórico baseia-se nos estudos de memória de Ecléa Bosi e no conceito de Hibridização Cultural de Nestor Garcia Canclini. Concluímos a importância da memória dos artistas para a história das cidades, como também constatamos os desafios conceituais e práticos enfrentados ao se pensar a documentação de artistas de rua na contemporaneidade. / From the basis of documentation and oral history resources this research proposes a documentary method for performing arts street. Five artists working in the city of São Paulo were selected to document their memories about street art theme, and had their artistic performance recorded in audiovisual format. The method consists of three qualitative steps capture and documentary treatment using digital technology, namely the recorded pre-audio interview, the record of action in place of artists in the street and finally an interview scripted by the previous steps recorded in video in a studio. The theoretical framework is based on Ecléa Bosi memory studies and the concept of Cultural Hybridization Néstor García Canclini. We conclude the importance of memory of artists to the history of cities, but also found the conceptual challenges and faced practical when considering the documentation of street performers in contemporary times.