There is a growing need to better understand environmental decision making in the context of climate change and limited renewable resources. This dissertation deepens our understanding of such decision making by focusing on strategic green decisions, which can be defined as the individual and collaborative green decisions within or between organizations that help organizations improve their operating position, adapt to changes in their external institutional environments, and simultaneously generate environmental benefits. The particular focus is on decisions related to energy in the North American context. The research draws on and contributes to organizational theory with the aim of better understanding those factors that motivate and/or facilitate green decisions by organizations, especially social economy organizations—an area of only limited research to date. Two complementary empirical studies address the overarching research goal. The first study focuses on understanding the nature and extent of the association between organizational attributes and those factors that motivate and/or facilitate a green energy decision. Insights are based on a bi-national survey of 212 organizations that voluntarily began to purchase green electricity between 1999 and 2008. Findings indicate that important influences are similar across organizational types. Survey results highlight the importance of organizational culture and internal champions—both individually and in combination—in making the initial decision to purchase green electricity, despite its relatively higher price. These two factors, as well as strategic benefits, emerge as the dominant explanations for why organizations expand their green energy purchases. The relative importance and particular roles of these factors vary across organizational and decision types. The second empirical study extends our understanding of how organizations adapt to external changes while maintaining the capacity to innovate in order to address their core objectives. The focus is on the residential energy services market, and is based on 12 interviews with the executive directors of non-profit environmental service organizations (ESOs) that are part of a national network called Green Communities Canada. These organizations survived a funding shock by creating new services and diversifying funding sources with actions that collectively can be referred to as ‘green collaborative entrepreneurship’; collaborative because it was facilitated by strategic partnerships with businesses and local governments, as well as the cross-national social capital network connecting the ESOs. The important motivating factors of green collaborative entrepreneurship were the green values and objectives that drive these organizations. The facilitating factors of green collaborative entrepreneurship included human capital, social capital and strategic partnerships, which acted as dynamic capabilities because of their flexibility to help increase the level of entrepreneurship when necessary for organizational survival, and yet, scale-up and deliver core programs during stable funding periods. The dissertation provides important insights into broad questions related to green decisions, especially for organizations that are affected by political policy cycles. The findings highlight that organizations are able to be more environmentally sustainable while also improving their own strategic performance by making green decisions that either provide the capacity to adapt to exogenous change for survival, or to create endogenous change for competitive advantage. The research contributes to our understanding of societal transitions to sustainable development by highlighting two green decisions that are occurring in the social economy. The dissertation contributes to organizational theory and in particular the traditional corporate literature by including multiple organizational types. Sustainability researchers should focus on green decisions that both enhance organizational stability and ecological sustainability if they wish to better understand creative green solutions from organizations.

隨著資訊時代的來臨，市場環境變動也越趨快速，企業僅擁有豐富的智慧資本已不足以創造競爭優勢，靜態的智慧資本若不透過動態能力的運用與管理，對經營績效的影響有限，將無法完全發揮智慧資本具備的價值。 本研究將動態能力視為智慧資本與經營績效間之中介變數，並將動態能力分為整合、學習與重組能力，以我國上市與上櫃企業為研究對象，排除金融保險、航運、貿易百貨與油電燃氣等特殊產業，透過問卷的發放蒐集樣本，並採用結構方程式分析，以探討智慧資本、動態能力以及經營績效間之因果關係。 研究結果發現：智慧資本除對經營績效有直接影響外，更會透過動態能力間接影響經營績效；然而，不同的智慧資本會透過不同的動態能力影響績效。人力與關係資本會同時透過整合、學習與重組能力影響績效，流程資本則透過整合與重組能力影響績效，而創新資本只透過整合能力影響績效。企業必須根據不同因果關係蓄積資源，進而培育能力，逐步提昇經營績效。 / As the information era comes, the environment of market changes dramatically. Hence, having rich intellectul capitals is no longer a main factor of creating competitive strength. The value of the static intellectul capitals will be underestimated unless they are exercised and managed properly by dynamic capabilities. This research categorizes dynamic capibilities into integration capability, learning capability, and reconfiguration capability, then places them as the mediators of intellectual capitals and operating performance. Data was collected with questionnaire from companies listed in Taiwan, excluding special industries such as financial and insurance, shipping and transpotation, trading and consumers’ goods and, oil, gas and electricity industry. Finally, the relationship of intellectul capitals, dynamic capabilities and operationg performance is clarified through structural equation modeling (SEM). The research found that intellectul capitals affect operating performance directly and at the same time indirectly affect operating performance through dynamic capabilities. Human and relation capital affect operating performance through integration, learning, and reconfiguration capability; Process capital affects operating performance through integration and reconfiguration capability; However, Innovative capital affects operating performance through integration capability only. Therefore, to improve operating performance, firms must manage intellectual capitals and cultivate dynamic capibilities according to the cause-and-effect model.

Despite their recognized significance for project success and innovation, the management of the early project phases is still an under-researched area in project management. For organizations to secure a continuous stream of innovation, the utilization of capabilities is crucial for managing the early phases of R&D projects. The purpose of this dissertation is to advance the understanding of the management of the early project phases in hypercompetitive environments. The thesis addresses the research question of how organizations manage the early project phases of R&D in hypercompetitive environments for frequent innovation by taking a dynamic capabilities perspective. The first conceptual study reviews the literature covering organizational change in hypercompetitive environments with a focus on projects as the vehicle to create the necessary flexibility. The study found that organizational aspects and capabilities have to go hand in hand as enabler and facilitator for a successful emergent change process. The second qualitative study investigates how organizations organize the early project phases of R&D in the pharmaceutical industry for an outcome of frequent innovation. The findings show that an optimization of combinative capabilities that balances dynamic, project and multi-project capabilities can be used as a powerful leverage to boost the outcome of frequent innovation. The third study investigates the philosophical stances and related methodologies used within the last 15 years of project management research at the example of IRNOP conferences. The findings show that ontological subjectivism and epistemological interpretivism are dominating. Moreover, case studies and qualitative methods were the most common methods, whereas mixed method studies were lacking despite their value for developing an increasingly complex research field. The final mixed method study explores how absorptive, innovative and adaptive capabilities within the early phases of pharmaceutical R&D affect project and portfolio performance. Based on the results of quantitative study, the set of capabilities has an overall effect on the set of performance outcomes and thus confirms the results of the qualitative study that a distinct capability mix is needed in the pharmaceutical R&D process. To conclude, the dissertation has comprehensively explored the management of the early project phases through four studies and by applying a multitude of methodologies.

Submitted by charlotte jacobs (charlottejacobs.cj@gmail.com) on 2015-09-10T17:46:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis Final Version - Admin.pdf: 1191432 bytes, checksum: db40c711ee427f3d470b11d6d1b47aad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-09-10T19:47:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis Final Version - Admin.pdf: 1191432 bytes, checksum: db40c711ee427f3d470b11d6d1b47aad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-09-16T17:29:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis Final Version - Admin.pdf: 1191432 bytes, checksum: db40c711ee427f3d470b11d6d1b47aad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-16T17:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis Final Version - Admin.pdf: 1191432 bytes, checksum: db40c711ee427f3d470b11d6d1b47aad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-20 / In this paper, the learning intentions and outcomes for corporate venture capital are questioned. Through qualitative research in the oil and gas sector, we identified a desire to control the direction and pace of innovation as the main driver for this type of investments. A new model and framework for CVC are presented. Contrary to the traditional model of CVC, which features a dyadic relation between corporate investor and venture entrepreneur, our model shows that CVC investments create a more complex conjoint of relations between multiple stakeholders. These relations challenge the neo-Schumpeterian model of competition. Using the grounded theory approach, we created a theoretical framework explaining and predicting outcomes of corporate venture capital other than learning. At firm level, our framework conceptualizes CVC programs as dynamic capabilities, and suggests a competitive advantage for the corporate investor through its ability to faster and better integrate the new technology. At market level, we proposed that CVC investments positively affect the pace of innovation in the market through an increased speed of acceptance of technologies supported by corporate investors.

A informação vem sendo apontada como a base da competitividade. A maior parte das pesquisas, no entanto, têm focado em estudar o impacto dos recursos eminentemente tecnológicos. Com as transformações no fluxo informacional, desenvolver novas capacidades é apontado como um imperativo competitivo para as organizações. Mais do que a análise dos recursos isoladamente, a análise das capacidades enquanto um conjunto de habilidades para ganhar, integrar e gerir recursos vem ganhando um papel importante na área de SI. As capacidades são particularmente úteis para as organizações em ambientes que mudam rapidamente. Considerando essa oportunidade de pesquisa, avaliou-se relevante analisar, nesse trabalho, a influência da Capacidade de Gestão da Informação (CGI) na Vantagem Competitiva da firma. Nesse sentido, estendeu-se o conceito de CGI para o conjunto de habilidades da firma para acessar dados e informações dos ambientes interno e externo, assim como mapear e distribuir essas informações para que possam ser processadas, permitindo o ajuste organizacional para responder às necessidades e direções do mercado. Para que CGI possa se configurar em uma importante fonte de vantagem competitiva para as organizações no atual contexto informacional, a literatura indica que é necessária uma complexa articulação com outras capacidades organizacionais. Valendo-se da perspectiva teórica das Capacidades Dinâmicas (CD), esse trabalho propôs modelo pelo qual a CGI articula-se com outras capacidades (nomeadamente Capacidade de Integração de SI, Flexibilidade, Capacidade de Reconfiguração e Agilidade) que intermediam o impacto da CGI enquanto fonte de VCS. Esse modelo, baseado na literatura existente, foi avaliado em uma perspectiva de Métodos Mistos, preliminarmente - em uma etapa qualitativa exploratória -, por quatro CIOs de companhias identificadas pelo uso extensivo de informação em suas operações e reconhecidas pela excelência na gestão desse uso. Após esse refinamento, a pesquisa foi realizada por meio de dois métodos. A análise das relações entre as variáveis propostas na pesquisa foi realizada, primeiramente, a partir de um estudo de casos múltiplos de natureza explanatória, realizado em três organizações líderes nacionais em seus segmentos de mercado (uma cooperativa de crédito, uma rede de varejo de moda e uma indústria de móveis planejados). A essa etapa, seguiu-se uma Survey com 180 gestores de TI e não-TI, pela qual foi possível quantificar a influência do caminho proposto da CGI até a VCS. A etapa quantitativa foi efetuada utilizando-se da análise de modelagem de equações estruturais baseada em Partial Least Square-Path Modeling (PLS-SEM). Os resultados foram analisados separadamente em cada etapa (Estudos de Casos Múltiplos e levantamento Survey), e a discussão, realizada por abordagem conjunta de métodos mistos com propósito de corroboração e confirmação integrada. Os resultados demonstram que a CGI influencia a VCS principalmente de forma indireta, mediada por outras capacidades organizacionais. Mais especificamente, a análise aponta para dois caminhos partindo da complementaridade da CGI com as capacidades de integração de SI. No mais consistente deles, o caminho que se origina na CGI é mediado pela Capacidade de Integração Interna de SI, Flexibilidade e Agilidade para influenciar positivamente a VCS. O caminho mediado pela integração externa vale-se da Capacidade de Reconfiguração ao invés da Flexibilidade. Dentre as implicações acadêmicas a pesquisa estão a extensão do conceito de CGI a partir das pesquisas estratégicas e a evidenciação da influência dessa capacidade na variável dependente natural das capacidades, a VCS. Como implicação gerencial, apresentou-se dois caminhos pelo qual o desenvolvimento de habilidade para o gerenciamento da informação pode levar a VCS. A indicação desses caminhos atende a uma lacuna do mercado que estima que 85% das organizações ainda não foram capazes de extrair diferenciação estratégica dos novos dados disponíveis. / Information has been indicated as the basis of competitiveness. Most research, however, has focused on studying the impact of eminently technological resources. With transformations in informational flow, developing new capabilities is indicated as a competitive imperative for organizations. More so than the isolated analyses of resources, analysis of capabilities as a set of abilities to gain, integrate, and manage resources has been acquiring an important role in the area of IS. Capabilities are particularly useful for organizations in environments that change rapidly. Considering this research opportunity, it was deemed relevant to analyze, in this work, the influence of Information Management Capability (IMC) on the firm’s Sustained Competitive Advantage (SCA). In this sense, the concept of IMC was extended to the firm’s set of abilities to access data and information from internal and external environments as well as to map and distribute this information for processing, thereby permitting organizational adjustment to respond to market needs and directions. For IMC to configure into an important source of competitive advantage for organizations in the current informational context, the literature recommends that a complex articulation with other organizational capabilities is necessary. With the theoretical perspective of Dynamic Capabilities (DC), this work proposes a model in which IMC articulates with other capabilities (namely IS Integration Capability, Flexibility, Reconfiguration Capability, and Agility), which intermediates the impact of IMC as a source of SCA. This model, based on the existing literature, was evaluated by a Mix Methods approach, preliminarily – in an exploratory qualitative stage – by four CIOs from companies identified by their extensive use of information in their operations and recognized for excellence in the management of this use. After this refinement, research was conducted through two methods. Analysis of the relations among the proposed variables in the research was made, firstly, from a multiple-case study of an explanatory nature, at three organizations, national leaders in their market segments (a credit union, a fashion retail chain, and an industry of custom furniture). In this stage, a survey of 180 IT and non-IT managers was conducted, from which it was possible to quantify the influence of the proposed path of IMC to SCA. The quantitative stage was executed by utilizing structural equation modeling analysis based on Partial Least Square-Path Modeling. The results were analyzed separately in each stage (Multiple-Case Study and Survey), and the discussion was made through a joint approach of mixed methods with the purpose of integrated corroboration and confirmation. The results demonstrate that IMC influence SCA mainly in an indirect way, mediated by other organizational capabilities. More specifically, the analysis points to two paths coming from the complementarity of IMC with IS integration capabilities. In the more consistent of the two, the path that originates from IMC is mediated by IS Internal Integration Capability, Flexibility, and Agility to positively influence SCA. The path mediated by external integration makes use of the Reconfiguration Capability instead of Flexibility.

The remarkable growth of the video game industry has triggered an interest for the capabilities that video game companies need in order to seize opportunities in the market. Companies that continuously provide product innovations are arguably better equipped to succeed in the dynamic, digitized video game landscape. Market sensing capabilities have been brought forward as particularly useful in environments with these characteristics and research suggests that user communities could be critical sources of external knowledge for video game companies. Hence, the aim of this study is to provide a framework where these concepts are combined into a unified dynamic capability, Community Sensing Capability, and to quantitatively test its effect on product innovativeness. An interview-administered questionnaire was used to gather data, resulting in a sample of 72 observations. The capability builds on three different sub-processes; sensing, sensemaking and response. Reliable measurements were developed for Community Sensing Capability, sensing and response respectively. The regression analysis indicate that sensing and response are positively related to product innovativeness, while Community Sensing Capability is not significantly related. This study contributes to literature by shedding light on a new phenomenon and giving initial insights to how the Community Sensing Capability can be exploited in innovation processes.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-09-01T13:44:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3633293 bytes, checksum: 5c0d06ead8ae7d95ddfb595a33b47cac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-09-01T15:58:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3633293 bytes, checksum: 5c0d06ead8ae7d95ddfb595a33b47cac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-01T15:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3633293 bytes, checksum: 5c0d06ead8ae7d95ddfb595a33b47cac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Considering that product development is an example of dynamic capability, the advocated thesis argument consists in the understanding that the elements of strategizing (practice, praxis and practitioners), together with learning and isomorphic mechanisms present in the organizational field explain the process of how the development of dynamic capabilities occurs. In this sense, the aim of this research was to analyse how the elements of strategizing (practice, praxis and practitioners), together with learning and isomorphic mechanisms present in the organizational field, explain the product development process. Methodologically, it was used a qualitative approach and the method applied was narratives of practice, which were held in two companies working with product development: São Braz and ShoesShop. In order to collect the data it was used narrative interviews, non-participant observation and document analysis during the period between May 2015 and May 2016. Data were analysed using narrative analysis. The results showed that the learning processes (intuition, interpretation, integration and institutionalization), underlying the product development, are mediated by learning mechanisms (experience accumulation, knowledge articulation and codification of knowledge). The appropriated practices and institutionalized praxis by the organizations surveyed explain the product development process and are performed by practitioners. The role played by external practitioners, such as consultants, proved to be important, as because of their work, practices were adopted by organizations. Some practices that prevail in the organizational environment and that are institutionalized in society are incorporated by both São Braz and ShoesShop with a view to development products through coercion, mimesis and normativity, demonstrating that the isomorphism also explains the product development process in companies. It was concluded that the use of the strategy as practice approach associated with the performance of isomorphic mechanisms and learning explain the product development process and represent an advance in knowledge about the development of dynamic capabilities. Additionally, the identification of practice, praxis and practitioners in building routines gives greater robustness to the product development process, as companies come to know more clearly the most important elements in this process and therefore deserve more attention. / Considerando que o desenvolvimento de produto é um exemplo de capacidade dinâmica, o argumento de tese defendido consiste no entendimento de que elementos constituintes do strategizing (prática, práxis e praticantes), em conjunto com a aprendizagem e os mecanismos isomórficos presentes no campo organizacional, explicam como ocorre o processo de desenvolvimento de produto. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar como os elementos constituintes do strategizing (prática, práxis e praticantes), em conjunto com a aprendizagem e os mecanismos isomórficos presentes no campo organizacional, explicam o processo de desenvolvimento de produto. Metodologicamente, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa e o método empregado foi o das narrativas de prática, realizada em duas empresas que trabalham com desenvolvimento de produto: São Braz e ShoesShop. Para coletar os dados foram utilizadas entrevistas narrativas, observação não participante e análise documental durante o período de maio de 2015 à maio de 2016. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de análise de narrativas. Os resultados evidenciaram que os processos de aprendizagem (intuição, interpretação, integração e institucionalização), subjacentes ao desenvolvimento de produto, são mediados pelos mecanismos de aprendizagem (acumulação de experiência, articulação do conhecimento e codificação do conhecimento). As práticas apropriadas e as práxis institucionalizadas pelas organizações pesquisadas explicam o processo de desenvolvimento de produto e são executadas por praticantes. O papel desempenhado pelos praticantes externos, como os consultores, demonstrou ser importante, pois, em decorrência do trabalho deles, práticas foram adotadas pelas organizações. Algumas práticas que prevalecem no ambiente organizacional e que estão institucionalizadas na sociedade são incorporadas tanto pela São Braz quanto pela ShoesShop para o desenvolvimento de produto por meio da coerção, mímese e normatividade, demonstrando que o isomorfismo também explica o processo de desenvolvimento de produto nas empresas. Conclui-se que o uso da abordagem da estratégia como prática associado à atuação dos mecanismos isomórficos e à aprendizagem organizacional explicam o processo de desenvolvimento de produto e representam um avanço no conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas. Adicionalmente, a identificação das práticas, práxis e praticantes na formação das rotinas confere maior robustez ao processo de desenvolvimento de produto, já que as empresas passam a conhecer mais claramente quais os elementos mais importantes nesse processo e que, consequentemente, merecem mais atenção.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1770598 bytes, checksum: c7d4f6153701f7e4b652f081d96dd390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The hospital industry has been affected and pressured, in na international scale, to make management changes and reforms. As one of the ways to react to such situation, it was created the hospital accreditation, a volunteer periodic evaluation of institutional resources, based on continuous learning, aiming to guarantee assistance quality in pre-stabilized standards. For this present work, it is understood that dynamics capabilities may be created to change resources and competences of hospitals throughout a variety of sources, aiming to obtain hospital accreditation. The main objective of this research was to analyze the development of dynamics capabilities in the hospital accreditation process. Specifically, it was aimed to describe the changes occurred during the accreditation process in the light of punctuated equilibrium model; to identify the main dynamics capability in each accreditation level; characterize dynamics capability sources; and investigate capabilities lifecycle stages during the accreditation process. It was used the multiple study cases as methodological strategy, approaching two hospital with three levels of accreditation. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observation and intern documents. Data analysis to each case was held at first individually then crosses. Results evidenced that organizational change happened according to evolutionary model, under the punctuated equilibrium behavior. Three dynamic capabilities were identified in each hospital. In relation to the creation of each capability, it was understood that deliberated learning was the most utilized source, in all its mechanisms, but with different emphasis in each accreditation level. The source relationship was utilized in only to outsource, alliances and licensing, highlighting alliances with suppliers and clients. The source aquisition was not used. It is highlighted that every capacity evidenced showed adhesion to Capability Lifecycle Model suggested by Helfat and Peteraf (2003). It is concluded that all reorientation periods, many times seen as destabilizing, were the moments in which the organizations evolved indeed. This study contributes to empirical evidence of Punctuated Equilibrium and Dynamic Capability Lifecycle. Yet, the research allowed comprehending which changes occurred in the hospitals during the accreditation process and why each change was necessary. Besides, it explored the main capacities chosen by the hospitals and how they were developed, contributing to the orientation to managers in the hospital sector. / O setor hospitalar tem sido afetado e pressionado, em uma escala internacional, a realizar mudanças e reformas gerenciais. Como um dos meios para reagir a tal situação, foi criada a acreditação hospitalar, uma avaliação periódica voluntária dos recursos institucionais, baseada na educação continuada, com vistas a garantir a qualidade da assistência em padrões pré-estabelecidos. Para efeito deste trabalho, entende-se que capacidades dinâmicas podem ser criadas para mudar os recursos e competências de hospitais através de diversas fontes, objetivando a obtenção da acreditação hospitalar. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas no processo de acreditação hospitalar. Especificamente, procurou-se descrever as mudanças no processo de acreditação à luz do modelo de equilíbrio pontuado; identificar a principal capacidade dinâmica em cada nível de acreditação; caracterizar as fontes de capacidade dinâmica adotadas; e investigar os estágios do Ciclo de Vida das capacidades dinâmicas no processo de acreditação. Utilizou-se estudo de casos múltiplos como estratégia metodológica, abordando dois hospitais com nível três de acreditação. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observações diretas e documentos internos. A análise dos dados para cada caso foi empreendida de forma individual e cruzada. Os resultados evidenciaram que a mudança organizacional analisada seguiu a corrente evolucionária, sob o comportamento de Equilíbrio Pontuado. Foram identificadas três capacidades dinâmicas em cada hospital. Para criação das capacidades, percebeu-se que a aprendizagem deliberada foi a fonte mais utilizada pelos dois hospitais, em todos os seus mecanismos, porém com ênfases distintas em cada nível de acreditação. A fonte relacionamento foi utilizada apenas para terceirização, alianças e licenciamentos, com destaque para as alianças com fornecedores e clientes. A fonte aquisições não foi utilizada. Destaca-se que todas as capacidades evidenciadas apresentaram aderência ao modelo ao Ciclo de Vida das capacidades sugerido por Helfat e Peteraf (2003). Conclui-se que os períodos de reorientação do equilíbrio pontuado, por vezes visto como desestabilizantes, foram os momentos em que as organizações, de fato, evoluíram. O estudo contribui com evidências empíricas do Equilíbrio Pontuado e do Ciclo de Vida das capacidades dinâmicas. Ainda, a pesquisa permitiu compreender quais mudanças ocorreram nos hospitais em processo de certificação e porque tais mudanças são necessárias, além de explorar as principais capacidades escolhidas pelos hospitais e como foram desenvolvidas, contribuindo para a orientação de gerentes do setor hospitalar.

A informação vem sendo apontada como a base da competitividade. A maior parte das pesquisas, no entanto, têm focado em estudar o impacto dos recursos eminentemente tecnológicos. Com as transformações no fluxo informacional, desenvolver novas capacidades é apontado como um imperativo competitivo para as organizações. Mais do que a análise dos recursos isoladamente, a análise das capacidades enquanto um conjunto de habilidades para ganhar, integrar e gerir recursos vem ganhando um papel importante na área de SI. As capacidades são particularmente úteis para as organizações em ambientes que mudam rapidamente. Considerando essa oportunidade de pesquisa, avaliou-se relevante analisar, nesse trabalho, a influência da Capacidade de Gestão da Informação (CGI) na Vantagem Competitiva da firma. Nesse sentido, estendeu-se o conceito de CGI para o conjunto de habilidades da firma para acessar dados e informações dos ambientes interno e externo, assim como mapear e distribuir essas informações para que possam ser processadas, permitindo o ajuste organizacional para responder às necessidades e direções do mercado. Para que CGI possa se configurar em uma importante fonte de vantagem competitiva para as organizações no atual contexto informacional, a literatura indica que é necessária uma complexa articulação com outras capacidades organizacionais. Valendo-se da perspectiva teórica das Capacidades Dinâmicas (CD), esse trabalho propôs modelo pelo qual a CGI articula-se com outras capacidades (nomeadamente Capacidade de Integração de SI, Flexibilidade, Capacidade de Reconfiguração e Agilidade) que intermediam o impacto da CGI enquanto fonte de VCS. Esse modelo, baseado na literatura existente, foi avaliado em uma perspectiva de Métodos Mistos, preliminarmente - em uma etapa qualitativa exploratória -, por quatro CIOs de companhias identificadas pelo uso extensivo de informação em suas operações e reconhecidas pela excelência na gestão desse uso. Após esse refinamento, a pesquisa foi realizada por meio de dois métodos. A análise das relações entre as variáveis propostas na pesquisa foi realizada, primeiramente, a partir de um estudo de casos múltiplos de natureza explanatória, realizado em três organizações líderes nacionais em seus segmentos de mercado (uma cooperativa de crédito, uma rede de varejo de moda e uma indústria de móveis planejados). A essa etapa, seguiu-se uma Survey com 180 gestores de TI e não-TI, pela qual foi possível quantificar a influência do caminho proposto da CGI até a VCS. A etapa quantitativa foi efetuada utilizando-se da análise de modelagem de equações estruturais baseada em Partial Least Square-Path Modeling (PLS-SEM). Os resultados foram analisados separadamente em cada etapa (Estudos de Casos Múltiplos e levantamento Survey), e a discussão, realizada por abordagem conjunta de métodos mistos com propósito de corroboração e confirmação integrada. Os resultados demonstram que a CGI influencia a VCS principalmente de forma indireta, mediada por outras capacidades organizacionais. Mais especificamente, a análise aponta para dois caminhos partindo da complementaridade da CGI com as capacidades de integração de SI. No mais consistente deles, o caminho que se origina na CGI é mediado pela Capacidade de Integração Interna de SI, Flexibilidade e Agilidade para influenciar positivamente a VCS. O caminho mediado pela integração externa vale-se da Capacidade de Reconfiguração ao invés da Flexibilidade. Dentre as implicações acadêmicas a pesquisa estão a extensão do conceito de CGI a partir das pesquisas estratégicas e a evidenciação da influência dessa capacidade na variável dependente natural das capacidades, a VCS. Como implicação gerencial, apresentou-se dois caminhos pelo qual o desenvolvimento de habilidade para o gerenciamento da informação pode levar a VCS. A indicação desses caminhos atende a uma lacuna do mercado que estima que 85% das organizações ainda não foram capazes de extrair diferenciação estratégica dos novos dados disponíveis. / Information has been indicated as the basis of competitiveness. Most research, however, has focused on studying the impact of eminently technological resources. With transformations in informational flow, developing new capabilities is indicated as a competitive imperative for organizations. More so than the isolated analyses of resources, analysis of capabilities as a set of abilities to gain, integrate, and manage resources has been acquiring an important role in the area of IS. Capabilities are particularly useful for organizations in environments that change rapidly. Considering this research opportunity, it was deemed relevant to analyze, in this work, the influence of Information Management Capability (IMC) on the firm’s Sustained Competitive Advantage (SCA). In this sense, the concept of IMC was extended to the firm’s set of abilities to access data and information from internal and external environments as well as to map and distribute this information for processing, thereby permitting organizational adjustment to respond to market needs and directions. For IMC to configure into an important source of competitive advantage for organizations in the current informational context, the literature recommends that a complex articulation with other organizational capabilities is necessary. With the theoretical perspective of Dynamic Capabilities (DC), this work proposes a model in which IMC articulates with other capabilities (namely IS Integration Capability, Flexibility, Reconfiguration Capability, and Agility), which intermediates the impact of IMC as a source of SCA. This model, based on the existing literature, was evaluated by a Mix Methods approach, preliminarily – in an exploratory qualitative stage – by four CIOs from companies identified by their extensive use of information in their operations and recognized for excellence in the management of this use. After this refinement, research was conducted through two methods. Analysis of the relations among the proposed variables in the research was made, firstly, from a multiple-case study of an explanatory nature, at three organizations, national leaders in their market segments (a credit union, a fashion retail chain, and an industry of custom furniture). In this stage, a survey of 180 IT and non-IT managers was conducted, from which it was possible to quantify the influence of the proposed path of IMC to SCA. The quantitative stage was executed by utilizing structural equation modeling analysis based on Partial Least Square-Path Modeling. The results were analyzed separately in each stage (Multiple-Case Study and Survey), and the discussion was made through a joint approach of mixed methods with the purpose of integrated corroboration and confirmation. The results demonstrate that IMC influence SCA mainly in an indirect way, mediated by other organizational capabilities. More specifically, the analysis points to two paths coming from the complementarity of IMC with IS integration capabilities. In the more consistent of the two, the path that originates from IMC is mediated by IS Internal Integration Capability, Flexibility, and Agility to positively influence SCA. The path mediated by external integration makes use of the Reconfiguration Capability instead of Flexibility.

O conceito \"plataforma\" tem sido explorado em pesquisas sobre desenvolvimento de produtos, estratégia tecnológica e economia industrial. O uso de plataformas dentro das empresas e, mais recentemente, para mediar atividades de aglomerados ou ecossistemas de empresas têm sido reconhecidos como de grande importância na gestão de novos negócios, no desenvolvimento de novos produtos e na inovação. Google, Facebook, SAP, Microsoft e Apple são exemplos de empresas do setor de software cujas plataformas têm inspirado muitas outras empresas a desenvolverem produtos e serviços complementares. Ao analisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre plataformas, combinando análises bibliométricas e de conteúdo, foi possível verificar a existência de lacunas a serem estudadas no que se refere à teoria da evolução das plataformas e às adaptações organizacionais das empresas que se baseiam em plataformas para o desenvolvimento de seus produtos. Visando estender essa teoria, o objetivo desta tese foi investigar capacitações vinculadas ao relacionamento entre proprietárias de plataformas e desenvolvedores que complementam estas plataformas, como meio para compreender como elas evoluem de internas para externas. A abordagem metodológica escolhida foi a pesquisa qualitativa realizada mediante estudo de casos múltiplos em empresas nacionais e internacionais que atuam no setor brasileiro de software. Foram analisadas seis plataformas em organizações que são proprietárias de plataformas de software, e dezesseis empresas desenvolvedoras que contribuem com produtos ou serviços complementares a estas plataformas. Os resultados trouxeram algumas contribuições; a revisão sistemática da literatura, por exemplo, permitiu uma melhor compreensão e clareza sobre a evolução do conceito plataforma com identificação de tendências e temas emergentes para pesquisa. O estudo de casos realizado contribuiu com a identificação e a classificação de um conjunto de capacitações por tipo de plataforma, considerando a perspectiva do proprietário da plataforma e dos desenvolvedores. E como principal contribuição deste trabalho, tanto para teoria como para prática, fica a proposição de um quadro teórico estendido, que indica que para evoluir de uma plataforma interna para uma plataforma externa, as proprietárias de plataformas desenvolvem determinadas capacitações vinculadas ao relacionamento com desenvolvedores de software, de acordo com o tipo de plataforma. Em relação aos desenvolvedores, esse quadro aponta para o desenvolvimento de capacitações adaptadas ao tipo de plataforma. Espera-se que este trabalho contribua para o debate sobre plataformas e capacitações. / The concept of \"platform\" has been explored in many studies on product development, technology strategy, and industrial economy. The use of platforms within companies and, more recently, in mediating the activities within clusters or ecosystems of businesses, has been recognized as highly significant for the management of new businesses, for the development of new products, and for innovation. Google, Facebook, SAP, Microsoft and Apple are examples of companies in the software industry whose platforms have inspired many other businesses to develop complementary products and services. By systematically analyzing the literature on platforms, combining bibliometric analyses with content analyses, it was possible to observe the existence of gaps to be filled concerning the theory of the evolution of platforms, and the processes of organizational adaptation that platform-based companies undergo in the development of their products. Aiming at extending the theory, the objective of this work has been that of investigating capabilities associated to the relationships between platform owners and developers as a means to understand how platforms evolve from internal platforms to external platforms. The methodology chosen for this work was a qualitative study conducted via case study of multiple cases with national and international companies present in the Brazilian software industry. Six examples of software platform owners were examined, along with sixteen developers that contribute with products and services that extend those platforms. The results of the study make a few contributions to this topic; the systematic review of the literature, for example, allows a better, clearer understanding of the evolution of the concept of platform, identifying trends and emerging themes for research. The case studies contribute to identify and classify a set of capabilities by type of platform, considering the perspective of the owner and that of the developers. And as the main contribution of this work, both for theory and for practice, we have the proposition of an extended theoretical framework that indicates that, in order to evolve from an internal platform to an external one, the platform owners develop certain capabilities associated to their relationship with software developers, according to the type of platform. Regarding developers, this framework points to the development of capabilities adapted to the type of platform. We hope that this work will contribute to the ongoing debate about platforms and capabilities.