This research paper focuses on whether Taiwan's 13 financial holding companies (excluding Waterland Financial Holdings) belongs to the bank's capital management efficiency, using a narrow definition of capital. First, do a preliminary analysis of the capital of the banks first, second, and three types of capital. Secondly, the use of supplementary items in the balance sheet, profit and loss account and balance-sheet and some of the information into the banking book assets and liabilities of the banking book and trading book assets, trading book liabilities, risk assets and market value-added and other programs in order to do all kinds of bank trend analysis of assets and liabilities and capital management. Finally, I would investigate whether the high capital adequacy ratio that their performance is better? The provisions of the Basel ¢º want to improve the bank's risk management capability, however, and set out the statutory capital requirements of the Bank help to keep the emphasis on risk management?

Mit einem Informationsstand „Buchpaten gesucht!“ hat sich die Bibliotheksgesellschaft auch beim „Nationalen Aktionstag Restaurierung und Digitalisierung“ am 2. September in der SLUB präsentiert.

This thesis is a preliminary investigation into graphic design in 1920s and 1930s Shanghai. I will look at creations of designs on the covers of books and periodicals most closely linked to new literary groups, for that was where a distinctive new idiom of design emerged. I will concentrate on a few figures, including Lu Xun, Tao Yuanqing, Chen Zhifo, and Qian Juntao. Biographical information for each is given, followed by preliminary analysis on some cover designs. Topics covered include artistic characters, the principles of tu'an (a particular understanding of design), and influences from Japan and the West.

Many people believe that the analogue picture book is a dying media due to the increase of digital media. Contrary to popular belief, the publishing of children’s book in Sweden is continually increasing, which makes mapping the field quite significant. But to regulate the creation of a children’s picture book is problematic, because one does not want to impede the personal style of the writer or the illustrator of the children’s book. If the children’s book creator has an understanding of how to better communicate with children, the children’s book might have a grater impact on the child. Little research has been performed on what one should think about when creating a children’s book, which makes this study highly relevant. My approach to the problem was to make a literature review over preceding research and to test the different directives, by creating an original children’s picture book and then testing the book, and thereby the directives, on the targeted audience. Consequently the picture book and the associated data gathered, suggest 20 design guidelines for picture books for children between 3 and 6 years. Each subcategory, of the guidelines suggested, should be investigated to confirm validity and reliability. / Att digitala medier tar allt större plats i människors liv har lett till att många tror att den analoga barnboken är ett utdöende medium. Dock har utgivningen av analoga barnböcker ökat i Sverige de senaste åren, vilket indikerar motsatsen. Detta gör att en kartläggning av ämnesområdet både blir relevant och angeläget. Däremot är det problematiskt att ta fram riktlinjer för bilderboken då riktlinjerna inte bör hämma barnbokskapares personliga stil, utan snarare underlätta för dem. Min tro är att om barnboksskapare vet hur de på bästa sätt kan kommunicera med barn, kan barnboken göra ett djupare intryck på barnet. Det finns inte mycket forskning om vad man som barnboksförfattare eller illustratör bör tänka på vid skapandet av en barnbok, vilket gör denna studie betydelsefull. Studien genomfördes genom att jag gjorde en litteraturgenomgång av tidigare forskning samt testade de teorier som forskningen föreslår genom att använda mig av dem vid skapandet av en egen bilderbok. Därefter testade jag bilderboken på målgruppen för att se om bilderboken var barnanpassad. Min undersökning resulterade i 20 designriktlinjer för skapandet av en bilderbok för barn mellan 3 och 6 år. Riktlinjerna är indelade i tre underkategorier: format och layout, bilduppbyggnad och text. Den praktiska delen av mitt arbete är en bilderbok som bygger på dessa riktlinjer. Min förhoppning är att genom att följa dessa designriktlinjer blir barnboksskapare mer medvetna om hur deras barnbok bättre kan kommunicera med barn.

Antalet personer insjuknade i demenssjukdom stiger, från 25 miljoner år 2000 till vad som beräknas uppgå till 63 miljoner år 2030. Demens kan beskrivas som en global störning av intellektuella funktioner där den kognitiva förmågan inklusive kommunikation är påverkad. Högtekonologiska hjälpmedel som kommunikativt stöd för personer med demens är i nuläget ett outforskat område med begränsad evidens där få studier har genomförts.Syftet med föreliggande studie var att kartlägga vilka samtalsfenomen som förekom mellan en person med demens och dennes samtalspartners med och utan surfplatta med applikationen Book Creator. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersöka en av samtalspartnernas upplevelse av att kommunicera med personen med demens. Studien genomfördes på ett boende för personer med demenssjukdom där sammanlagt nio samtal spelades in, sex samtal utan surfplatta med applikationen Book Creator och tre samtal med surfplatta med applikationen Book Creator. Materialet omfattade 2 h och 25 min och transkriberades enligt samtalsanalytiska principer med fokus på specifika samtalsfenomen. Fem fenomen identifierades; initiativtagande, gemensam grund, koherens, ofullständig gemensam grund och icke-koherens. Frekvensen av dessa förekommande fenomen kalkylerades i procent i förhållande till det totala antalet talarturer.Resultaten visade att de samtalsfenomen som inbegrep ofullständig gemensam grund och icke-koherens med en marginell skillnad förekom i mindre frekvens i samtal med applikationen Book Creator. Personen med demens tog initiativ i lika hög utsträckning i samtal med och utan applikationen och det föreföll slutligen inte föreligga några skillnader avseende gemensam grund och koherens mellan deltagarna i samtalet med respektive utan applikationen. Det kunde även urskiljas att personen med demens kunde hantera applikationen Book Creator på egen hand med visst stöd. Samtalspartnerns upplevelser av kommunikativa svårigheter hos personer med demens, strategier för att bemöta dessa och ett behov av ökad utbildning om kommunikativt bemötande ligger i linje med tidigare forskning. / The number of people who are affected by dementia is expected to increase, from 25 million in the year 2000 to approximately 63 million in the year 2030. Dementia can be described as a global disorder of intellectual functions, where the cognitive ability including communication is affected. High technological communication aids that support people with dementia in their communication are currently an underexplored area with limited evidence. The aim of the present study was to identify interactional phenomena occurring in interaction involving one person with dementia with and without a tablet with the application Book Creator. A further aim was to examine how the conversation partner experienced the communication of the person with dementia. The study was conducted in a residential care facility for people with dementia where a total of nine conversations were recorded, six conversations without the application and three conversations with the application. The material comprised 2 hours and 25 minutes and was transcribed according to Conversation Analytic principles. Five phenomena were identified: initiative, common ground, coherence, incomplete common ground and non-coherence. The frequency of occurrence of these phenomena was calculated in percentage of their occurrence in relation to total number of turns.The result in the present study indicated that the interactional phenomena involving incomplete common ground and non-coherence occurred in a reduced frequency in conversations with the application Book Creator. The person with dementia took the initiative to the same extent in interactions with and without the application. There appeared to be no differences regarding common ground and coherence between the participants in the conversation with and without the application. The analysis also revealed that the person with dementia could handle the tablet with the application Book Creator on her own with some support. The results are in accordance with research regarding communicative difficulties in people with dementia, strategies to address these difficulties and the need of increased training in communicative treatment in dementia.

The main aim of this contribution is to introduce the potential that modern information technologies open to authors converting a teaching material from a printed to an electronic version. The authors come out of their own experience and propose options that are suitable especially for creation of study materials in mathematics education. Among others the contribution presents the use of flash animations, java scripts and Computer Algebra Systems.

This thesis examines law and policy in the book publishing industry in Ghana, with an evaluation of the success of government-sponsored institutions that have been established for the purpose of publishing development in the country. Issues concerning publishing development in Ghana and other countries in Africa have attracted considerable debate and coverage in the literature. The focus of the debate has been mainly centred on challenges confronting publishing development in the continent and the promotion of sustainable schoolbooks provision. Whilst there is a body of existing literature on the historical development of book publishing and its challenges, the role of law and policy, and the contributions of government-sponsored institutions to publishing development has not been explored. This thesis therefore provides the first analysis of law and policy, and an evaluation of government-sponsored institutions. In an attempt to fill this gap, this research identifies law and policy, examines the rationale for policy formulation, the policy-making process itself, the experiences of various stakeholders in the formulation of these policies and issues relating to the implementation of policy. It also evaluates the success of government-sponsored institutions by examining how their work has influenced book development and publishing in the country. The data for this research comprise legislation, policy documents and recorded interviews. These were analysed using the framework that was developed for book policy analysis. The use of the framework has been particularly useful in the analysis because it is compatible with the critical realist approach. Over two empirical chapters, the use of content analysis provides a thorough insight of the social, economic and political context, within the context of Ghana, for which institutions dedicated to publishing development were established as well as the formulation of book policies. Although government-sponsored institutions have provided considerable support to publishing development, the findings suggest that their operations are hindered due to a lack of funds and logistics. The findings again suggest that both national and international legislation have not been adequately beneficial to publishing development. A third empirical chapter, which focuses on the interview data for policy development offers an in-depth analysis into the policy-making process and the challenges that are associated with the implementation of policy. The findings suggest existing policy is limited in terms of scope of book publishing, and even with this limitation, there is a lack of transparency in the procurement process. A major challenge of the book publishing industry in Ghana is the lack of resources to enforce legislation and implement policies. Public policy analysis is not a new concept, however this research developed a framework for book policy analysis, a framework that combines concepts from general public policy analysis and in the specific area of information science as well as guidelines from UNESCO s guide to formulating book policies in a way that allowed the content of book policies to be analysed. The research also recommends that institutions should be strengthened through review and restructuring, and to review the textbook policy towards the development of a national book policy that will recognise book publishing as a strategic national industry.

The theoretical part of the thesis in his first chapter of the book deals with a phenomenon that accompanies since its inception and how it affects us the literary world. The next phase will analyze literary types and origin of fiction itself, which strongly supported the reading culture and to encourage the creation of rights bestsellers. The next section will focus on the book and its difficult journey from writer to designer, printers and finally to the reader. The next phase deals with books in physical and electronic form, the reader walks of life and then directly bestseller term, as the current phenomenon of literary culture. Then represents one of the writers Dan Brown and his books of content and visual aspects. The last part will deal with the linking book design and art education in the practical part of the thesis description of the treatment, resulting arises file publishing a collection of selected books by Dan Brown.

A pesquisa tem como foco a forma do livro na cultura da convergência, na sua relação entre design e edição, partindo do conceito de dispositivo de Charaudeau (2006a e 2006b) e Mouillaud (2002). Dada a amplitude da questão, buscou-se um objeto empírico que permitisse relacionar informações de caráter histórico, dados documentais e conceitos construídos com base no referencial teórico, ancorando a problematização proposta. Para tanto, selecionou-se o romance Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis, editado pela primeira vez em livro em 1881. O objetivo geral foi identificar paratextos editoriais ligados à forma em oito edições publicadas nos séculos XIX, XX e XXI, impressas e digitais, a fim de analisar e discutir como esses articulam-se à noção de livro enquanto dispositivo, problematizando tais relações a partir das lógicas de funcionamento de sua cadeia e mercado, dos novos modelos de acesso às edições e do lugar ocupado pelo livro na cultura da convergência. Como objetivos específicos, buscouse (1) avaliar o papel do design no estabelecimento de paratextos editoriais, definindo níveis de atuação da atividade na conformação do livro enquanto dispositivo; (2) identificar e analisar os paratextos editoriais ligados à forma e ao entorno do livro em diferentes edições, impressas e digitais do título, tensionando o modo como as edições configuram materialmente orientações e tendências na cadeia do livro; e (3) problematizar a noção de livro na cultura da convergência, tendo em vista o processo de remediação no sistema de mídia. A análise das edições delineou-se em duas etapas. A primeira teve em vista os paratextos ligados à forma. Já na segunda etapa, focou-se na identificação de tendências nos paratextos ligados ao entorno do livro. Constatou-se que as edições analisadas variam muito em relação à forma, indicando que os produtos foram criados para leituras e leitores diversos. As edições do século XIX são objetos que integram o texto verbal e a retórica tipográfica, valorizando o espaço gráfico como elemento importante para a narrativa. Nas edições digitais do século XXI, há outras propostas, com novos atrativos, incluindo desde ferramentas de busca dentro do texto até a possibilidade de cruzamento do texto verbal na formação de epitextos também verbais. Entre imediação e hipermediação, a materialidade do livro hoje é resultado de um processo contínuo de remediação do livro impresso no digital e do digital no impresso. A materialidade é influenciada também pela noção de espaço nos produtos digitais. Esse entorno – que no livro impresso está claramente fora do produto – no livro em tela passa a ter seus limites menos claros, permeando o artefato digital. Notou-se, nas três edições digitais analisadas, que bibliotecas, livrarias e lojas virtuais geram epitextos cada vez mais aderentes aos produtos editoriais. O livro digital não tem ainda uma identidade própria, mas delineia uma tendência importante neste início de século XXI: o tratamento do livro como objeto de dados predominantemente verbais. Embora essa seja uma vertente importante do livro atual, ela não é a única. Convivem na cultura da convergência muitas formas, em papel e em tela, que adotam estruturas bastante similares entre si, cercadas de inúmeros outros modos de narrar essa história, em meio a leitores cada vez mais expostos e acostumados a narrativas transmídias. / The research focuses on the form of the book in the convergence culture in its relationship between design and editing, based on the concept of dispositif by Charaudeau (2006a and 2006b) and Mouillaud (2002). Given the breadth of the issue, it sought an empirical object that allows relating historical background information, documentary evidence and concepts built on the theoretical framework, anchoring the problematic proposal. To accomplish this, we selected the novel The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas, by Machado de Assis, published for the first time as a book in 1881. The overall goal was to identify editorial paratexts connected to the form of the book in eight editions, published in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries, print and digital, in order to analyze and discuss how they articulate the notion of book as dispositif in the convergence culture. As specific objectives, we sought to (1) evaluate the role of design in establishing editorial paratexts defining levels of action in shaping the book as a dispositif; (2) identify and analyze the editorial paratexts on different book editions, print and digital, discussing how they materially configure trends in the book chain; and (3) discuss the notion of book on the convergence culture, considering the remediation process in the media system. The analysis of the books was outlined in two stages. The first one took into consideration the paratexts attached to the form. In the second phase, the focus was on identifying paratexts connected to the surroundings of the books. As a result, we identified that the editions vary widely in regard to form, indicating that the products were created to several different readings and readers. The books edited in the 19th century are objects that integrate the verbal text and the rhetoric of typography, highlighting the graphic space as an important element to the narrative. In the digital editions of the 21st century, there are other strategies, with new tools, ranging from search engines to the possibility of crossing verbal texts, what generates new verbal epitexts. Between immediacy and hypermediacy, the materiality of the book today is the result of a continuous process of remediation of the printed book into the digital book and vice-versa. In digital products, materiality is also influenced by the notion of space. The epitext environment, in the printed book, is clearly outside the product. In the digital book, on the other hand, the boundaries between what is inside and outside the book is not as clear. It was noticed that in the three digital editions analyzed, libraries, bookstores and online retailers generate epitexts that are adhered to the editorial products. The digital book does not have its own identity yet, but we see an important trend in the beginning of 21st century: the book treated as a predominantly verbal data object. While this is an important aspect of the current idea of book, it is not the only one. Books exist in the convergence culture in many ways, on paper and on digital screen. They have very similar structures and are surrounded by numerous other ways of telling Bras Cubas’ story, accessed by readers increasingly exposed and accustomed to transmedia narratives.

[pt] Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo entender tanto as práticas de leitura em dispositivos eletrônicos quanto os lugares do design na produção editorial de livros digitais. Partindo da premissa de Roger Chartier (1998) de que os suportes de leitura participam profundamente na construção de significados dos textos, procurou-se verificar as percepções dos leitores frente aos dispositivos de leitura eletrônica, mais especificamente com livros digitais interativos. Diferentemente dos livros digitais lidos em Kindle, Kobo e em outros dispositivos similares, os interativos são lidos em tablets com recursos multimídia mais avançados. Afastando-se ou não da forma do livro tradicional, a qual os primeiros livros digitais procuram simular, os livros digitais interativos abrem um novo campo para estudo, tanto da recepção quanto de sua produção. Nesse cenário, empreendemos uma pesquisa exploratória que utilizou duas técnicas principais: a pesquisa bibliográfica e o grupo focal. A literatura nos campos da história do livro, da leitura e da interação entre o livro e o suporte nos forneceram bases para se analisar as práticas de leitura, os conceitos do objeto-livro e as tecnologias. Seguindo a perspectiva dialógica de Bakhtin (2003), segundo a qual cada enunciado é um elo na corrente complexamente organizada de outros enunciados, entendemos ser frutífero articular esses dois conhecimentos: as vivências e opiniões de leitores, extraídas nos grupos focais, e as teorias e conceitos encontrados no estado da arte da pesquisa acadêmica. Ao fim, concluímos que o livro digital interativo ainda busca sua linguagem própria, num movimento constante de aproximação ou afastamento com o livro impresso. Ainda, que designer de livros digitais interativos tem papel fundamental nesse caminho da descoberta de uma linguagem, por meio de sua atuação como mediador da leitura: ele deve trabalhar não só com tecnologias e conhecimentos práticos, mas também com seu olhar voltado ao afeto e às emoções que os livros, enquanto objetos de leitura, digitais ou não, provocam nas pessoas. / [en] This research aimed to study both the reading practices in electronic devices and the design roles in the e-book production. Based on Roger Chartier s (1998) premise that the meaning of a text is deeply affected by the media in which the texts are read, we engage an analysis of readers perceptions regarding e-readers, more specifically using interactive e-books. Unlike e-books read on Kindle, Kobo and similar devices, the interactive ones are read in tablets capable of rendering more advanced multimedia resources. Whether emulating aspects of the traditional book or not, interactive e-books opens a new field for study, both of reception and production. In this scenario, we undertook an exploratory research that used two main techniques: the bibliographical research and the focal group. The literature in the fields of book history, reading, and the interaction between the reader and media has provided us a foundation to analyze reading practices, the concepts of the book as an object, and technologies. Following Bakhtin s (2003) dialogical perspective, to whom any utterance is a link in a very complexly organized chain of other utterances, we understand that it is fruitful to articulate these two knowledges: the experiences and opinions of readers drawn from focus groups, and the theories and concepts found in state-of-the-art in the academic literature. Finally, we propose that interactive e-books still seeks its own language, in a constant movement of approach or distance towards the printed book. Moreover, the interactive e-book designer plays a fundamental role in building a language, through his agency as mediator of reading: he must deal not only with technologies and practical knowledge, but also focused on affection and the emotions that books, while objects of reading, whether digital or not, causes in people.