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Syftet med studien var att undersöka kulturell mångfald i bilderböcker på svenska som är riktade mot barn mellan 0-6 år. Projektet skulle bidra med ytterligare kunskap om representationer av kulturell mångfald i barnlitteraturen. Projektet resulterade i ett förslag på hur en bokserie som inkluderar kulturell mångfalds framsidor kan se ut på den nuvarande svenska marknaden. Tidigare studier inom barnlitteratur handlar främst om genus- och könsrelaterade frågor. Därför var det av intresse att titta på den kulturella mångfalden i barnlitteraturen eftersom studier med detta fokus var en bristvara, speciellt i Sverige. Frågeställningarna löd: Hur ser representationen av kulturell mångfald ut i bilderböcker, riktade mot barn 0-6 år i Sverige? Vilka designelement har generellt använts under de senaste 5 åren på bilderböckers framsidor när de är riktade till barn på 0-6 år i Sverige? Projektet utgick från följande teoretiska ramverk: kulturell mångfald, barnens inlärning, representation och semiotik, identifikation och identitet, visuell forskning och designelement. Kulturell mångfald användes för att förstå och definiera fenomenet. Barnens inlärning användes för att få en djupare förståelse för bokens roll i barnets liv. Representation och semiotik användes för att förstå kopplingen mellan tecken och budskapet det ger, samt för att kunna ta ut tecken från de analyserade framsidorna. Identifikation och identitet användes för att förstå hur karaktärerna som representeras kan påverka barnen. Visuell forskning användes som en grund i hur analysen av framsidorna skulle gå till. Designelement användes för att gå djupare in på de utvalda delarna som skulle analyseras i analysen av framsidorna. Metoden som användes var en kvantitativ innehållsanalys då den gav möjligheten att analysera ett större utbud analysenheter. Urvalet bestod av framsidor på bilderböcker på svenska riktade till barn från 0-6 år. Dessa böcker hämtades slumpmässigt från Karlstad stadsbibliotekets utbud då dessa är tillgängliga för allmänheten. Analysen visade att det finns en brist på karaktärer med mörkare hudfärg och att det var en relativt jämn uppdelning mellan karaktärer med mörk och ljus hårfärg. Resultatet visade även att det var vanligast att inte inkludera namn eller ha påhittade namn på framsidorna. Men de gånger namn nämns var inget med ett helt utländskt ursprung representerat. Slutligen visade analysen att kulturella symboler knappt representerades och ifall det gjorde det så handlade det bara om jul. Resultatet på designelementen visade att den vanligaste generella färger var blå, den vanligaste färgen på titeln var röd och den vanligaste färgen på den övriga texten är svart. All text var generellt skriven med teckenfamiljen san-serif där titeln skrevs i versaler och den övriga texten skrevs med gemena bokstäver. Textens typografiska helhet var asymmetrisk och karaktärerna placerades generellt i mitten av sidan. Slutsatserna lyder att kulturell mångfald till viss del inkluderas på framsidorna av bilderböckerna men att det finns stort rum för utveckling. Det som var positivt var inkluderingen av många hårfärger. Men i övrigt behövs mer mångfald implementeras, exempelvis mer karaktärer med mörkare hudtoner och namn som endast har utländsk härkomst. / The purpose of the study was to analyze cultural diversity in Swedish picture books for kids between the ages of 0-6. The project’s ambition was to contribute with further knowledge about representations of cultural diversity in children's literature. The project produced a proposal for how a series of picture book front pages that include cultural diversity can look in the current Swedish market. Previous studies in the children's literature field mainly focus on sex- and gender-related issues. It was therefore interesting to instead look at the subject of cultural diversity in children's literature because studies with this phenomenon as focus are lacking, especially in Sweden. The questions were: What does the representation of cultural diversity look like in Swedish picture books aimed at children aged 0-6? Which design elements have been applied most frequently on the covers of picture books aimed at children aged 0-6 in Sweden during the last 5 years? The project was based on the following theoretical frameworks: cultural diversity, children's learning, representation and semiotics, identification and identity, the visual research and design elements. Cultural diversity was used for a better understanding and defining of the issue. The children's learning was used to gain a deeper comprehension of the book's role in the child's life. Representation and semiotics were used to understand the connection between signs and the message they carry, as well as being able to get an accurate knowledge about signs from the analyzed covers for further applications. Identification & identity was used to understand how the representation of characters can affect the children. The visual research was used as a basis for the analysis of the covers. Design elements were used for a more detailed analysis  of  picture book cover’s selected parts. The method used for this study was a quantitative content analysis since it gave the opportunity to analyze a vast range of analysis units. The selection consisted of picture book covers in Swedish aimed at children aged 0-6. These books were selected randomly from the Karlstad city library's collection for the reason that these books are accessible  to the public. The analysis revealed that there is a lack of representation of darked skin characters, but the representation of dark-colored hair and light-colored hair were relatively equal. The results also showed that it was most common not to include character names or to have made-up names on the covers. Nevertheless when names were mentioned,  there was no clear connection between the name and cultural variation. Finally, the analysis showed that cultural symbols were barely represented, and in those few times that it was represented Christmas was the only theme. The result on the design elements showed that the most common general color was blue, the most common color of the title was red and the most frequent color of the rest of the text was black. All texts were generally written with the san-serif character family where the title was written in capitals and the rest of the text was written in lowercase letters. The overall of the text typographical was asymmetrical and the characters were generally placed in the middle of the page. The conclusions are that the representation of cultural diversity is to some extent included on the covers of the picture books, however there are plenty of areas in need of improvement. The most positive was the inclusion of different hair colors, otherwise more diversity aspects needed to be implemented, for example more characters with darker skin tones and names with diversal origins.

The purpose of the study is to provide insights about how the phases and phase transformations of water are presented in picture books aimed for children of preschool age. The studys framework is based on the picture book theory, whose central concepts are iconotext and readerly gap. A qualitative content analysis with a inductive approach was used. The illustrations were analyzed using relevance trees and an image analysis model. The picture books that were analyzed were compiled from Bibliotek i Väst ten most loaned picture books 2021. The results and conclusions show that it is possible to disinguish the phases of the water and phase transformations in picture books for preschool children. This is made visible in the form of illustrations and also in individual cases. No concepts or any scientific language were used in the picture books except in one occasion when the phase transformation of water freezing was mentioned in the text of a picture book. This led to the conclusion that knowledge and experience from the educator is required to be able to make abstract phenomena visible and put scientific concepts in the right context for the children to understand. / Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur vattnets faser och fasomvandlingar framställs i bilderböcker riktade till barn i förskoleåldern. Studiens ramverk utgår ifrån bilderboksteorin vars centrala begrepp är ikonotext ochläslucka. Studien använde en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats.Illustrationerna analyserades med hjälp av relevansträd samt en bildanalysmodell. Bilderböckerna som analyserats sammanställdes från bibliotekskoncernen Bibliotek i Väst tio mest utlånade bilderböcker 2021. Resultatet och slutsatsen visar att det går att urskilja vattnets faser och fasomvandlingar i bilderböcker för förskolebarn. Detta synliggörs i form av illustrationer och enstaka fall i texten. Inga begrepp eller något naturvetenskapligt språk användes i bilderböckerna förutom vid ett tillfälle där vattnets fasomvandling frysning nämndes i texten av en bilderbok. Detta gjorde att en slutsats drogs att det krävs kunskap och erfarenhet från pedagogen att kunna synliggöra abstrakta fenomen och sätta naturvetenskapliga begrepp i rätt kontext för att barnen ska förstå.

В работе исследуется определение и классификации двуязычных изданий. Дан краткий экскурс в историю возникновения двуязычных книг и приведены наиболее известные примеры многоязычных изданий. Проведен анализ 7 концептуальных особенностей двуязычных изданий, выпущенных в период с 1982 по 2019 гг. Рассмотрены их читательский адрес, структурно-содержательные и визуально-полиграфические особенности. На основе анализа составлены рекомендации для издателей, которые могут использоваться при редакторской подготовке двуязычных книг. / This paper considers the definitions and classifications of bilingual editions. A brief overview of the history of multilingual books is presented, and the most exceptional examples are reviewed. Seven concepts of different bilingual books published from 1982 till 2019 are analyzed. Based on this analysis a list of suggestions for publishing bilingual books is made.

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Research regarding e-book management at academic libraries is scarce, especially referring to Swedish university libraries. The work with e-books regarding selection, acquisition, promotion etc. can give insight into the stance towards e-books and their use at Swedish academic libraries. Challenges and problems such as accessibility, licensing as well as DRM restrictions may hinder e-books from becoming worthy complements to printed books. This thesis gives more insight into the acquisition, work and distribution and general working processes with e-books at Swedish academic libraries. A total of eight Swedish university libraries with 13 representatives agreed to participate in semi-structured interviews. The main results are that selection and acquisition of e-books are both influenced by librarians themselves and by user demand, and that e-books are frequently used and sometimes even favored over print books. Complex licensing and DRM restrictions may lead to e-books not being fully appreciated, which is further complicated due to a lack of promotion of e-books by academic libraries. Academic e-books are offered in English due to a lack of Swedish titles. In some situations, print books are acquired, e.g. if electronic titles are not available or too expensive. Both formats have advantages and disadvantages regarding access, availability, usage and preference. While print books are cheaper and offer a tactile experience, e-books can be read by multiple users simultaneously and do not require storage space in contrast to print books.

För att kunna vidareutbilda sig, tillgodose sig samhällsnyttig information och delta i samhället fullt ut behövs en välutvecklad läsförmåga. Redan från tidig ålder är det viktigt att bygga denna grund. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur läsläxan i årskurserna F-3 kan utformas för att stärka samverkan mellan lärare och vårdnadshavare i arbetet med elevers läsutveckling. Vidare avser studien att synliggöra arbetssätt som kan stimulera elevernas läsintresse. En fallstudie genomfördes i en årskurs tre där eleverna läste ett kapitel ur utvalda skönlitterära böcker hemma varje vecka och därefter samtalade de på skolan om det lästa, i så kallade bokklubbar. För att få ett så omfattande resultat som möjligt undersöktes både lärarens, elevernas och vårdnadshavarnas uppfattning om bokklubbarna. Data insamlades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med klassläraren samt nio elever. För att ta del av vårdnadshavarnas upplevelser distribuerades en digital enkät med öppna frågor till de vårdnadshavare som anmält intresse. Utöver detta genomfördes även en semistrukturerad observation av samtalen i bokklubbarna. Det sociokulturella perspektivet tillsammans med partnerskapsprincipen och isärhållandeprincipen var de teorier som låg till grunden för den tematiska analysen av det insamlade materialet. Resultatet visar att bokklubbarna som läsläxa bidrog till elevernas läsutveckling genom att de utvecklande sin språkliga förståelse i interaktion med varandra, läraren och vårdnadshavarna. Vidare uppskattade både elever och vårdnadshavare att diskussionsfrågor medföljde läsläxan. Resultatet pekar även på att elevernas läsintresse stimulerats av att de fått vara delaktiga i valet av böcker, medverkat i ett meningsfullt sammanhang och samtalat om det de läst. Sammanfattningsvis visar denna studie att bokklubbarna som arbetssätt engagerar både läraren, eleverna och vårdnadshavarna. Vidare gynnar den sociala kontexten elevernas språkliga förståelse och samtalen som förekommer har potential att bidra till utökat läsintresse. / To be able to get further education, understand the information provided, and fully participate in society, you need a well-developed reading ability. It is import to build this foundation already from young age. The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about how reading homework in grades F-3 can be designed to strengthen collaboration between teachers and guardians in the work with students' reading development. Furthermore, the study intends to present working methods that can stimulate students' interest in reading. A case study was carried out in a third grade, where the students read a chapter from selected fiction books at home every week and then talked at school about what they had read, in so-called book clubs. To get as extensive results as possible, both the teacher's, the students', and the guardians' perceptions of the book clubs were investigated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the class teacher and nine students. To take part in guardians' experiences, a digital survey with open questions was distributed to guardians who expressed interest. In addition to this, a semi-structured observation of the conversations in the book clubs was also carried out. The socio-cultural perspective together with the partnership principle and the separation principle were the theories that formed the basis for the thematic analysis of the collected material. The result shows that book clubs as reading homework contributed to the students' reading development by developing their language awarness in interaction with each other, the teacher, and the guardians. Furthermore, both students and guardians appreciated that discussion questions accompanied the reading homework. The results also indicate that the students' interest in reading was stimulated by the fact that they were allowed to participate in the selection of books, in a meaningful context and that they talked about what they read. In summary, this study shows that book clubs as a way of working involve both the teacher, the students, and the guardians.  Furthermore, the social context favours the students' linguistic understanding, and the conversations that occur have the potential to contribute to increased interest in reading.

The aim of the study is to investigate what pupils in grade 1 think about reading aloud, reading alone, the selection of books, and the significance of reading. A subsidiary aimwas to examine the relation between the pupils’ experiences of reading in the home andtheir ability to discuss a text they have read. A sidetrack in the study aimed to see whether the pupils’ experiences of reading in the home affected their outlook on readingin general. The empirical material is linked in the discussion to earlier research on topics such as learning to read and the significance of reading aloud. The discussion also establishes a parallel to theories of literary envisionment. The methods for thestudy were observation of a book conversation and group interviews with four pupils who had taken part in that conversation. The selection of informants was based on their actions during the book conversation, which led to the selection of two pupils who wereperceived as being more active and two who were less active. The study shows that the informants have a positive attitude both to reading aloud and to reading alone, and three of four prefer reading on their own. In the choice of books it is clear that the pictures are very significant for the pupils. All the pupils say that reading is important and three of the interviewed pupils link the significance of reading to jobs and school, while the fourth drew a parallel to the importance of reading in everyday life.

Åtta semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer genomfördes i syfte att kartlägga svenska formgivares och förlagsanställdas strategiska och kreativa arbetsprocess samt olika attityder vid arbetet med praktverk och coffee table-böcker. Dessa böckers termer och definitioner diskuterades även, samt boktypens förut-sättningar och utmaningar på marknaden. I denna rapport presenteras funna teman rörande dessa tankemönster och attity-der, samt en generell beskrivning av arbetsprocessen. Produktionen av coffee table-böcker och praktverk fanns vara komplex på grund av att den involverade många personer, tog lång tid i anspråk, var kost-sam och hade relativt små vinstmarginaler vilket därmed kunde förenas med vissa risker. Respondenterna upplevde generellt arbetet som spännande, roligt och givande.Studien belyser även förekomsten av en viss diskrepans vad gäller associationerna till termerna ”coffee table-bok” och ”praktverk”. Coffee table-böcker ansågs främst av de förlagsanställda ha ett innehåll av lägre kvalitet jämfört med det hos ett praktverk. / Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eight Swedish graphic designers and employees at publishing houses were carried out with the purpose of mapping the strategic and creative work process of producing Coffee table books and Luxury works (Swedish praktverk), as well as respondents attitudes towards these processes.The three main steps identified in the process are presented and compared to results in previous studies. The production of these books was found to be complex due to the number of people involved, the time required, the costs involved and the relatively small profit margins.  All of which increase the exposure to certain risks.  The re-spondents however found the work to be exciting, enjoyable and fulfilling.In addition to this the study discovered the inconsistency between the definition of “Coffee table book” and “Luxury work” and what was found to be the com-monly accepted understanding of these.  This applied particularly to the term “Coffee table book,” where some respondents associated the term to a lower standard of literature. The terms and definitions of these books will be dis-cussed as well as the market condition described by the respondents.

本研究旨在探討大學生使用與閱讀電子書資料庫，研究目的包括：（1）探討 大學生電子書資料庫的使用與閱讀行為；（2）探討大學生電子書資料庫的價值認 知與使用滿意度；（3）探討影響大學生使用電子書資料庫的因素；（4）探討大學 生參與電子書資料庫推廣服務的現況與看法。本研究採用問卷法與訪談法，首先 藉由文獻探討歸納電子書使用與閱讀研究四構面，依此而設計電子書資料庫使用 與閱讀調查問卷，並對國立政治大學大學生實行問卷調查，再採用立意取樣方式 進行深度訪談，以探討大學生電子書資料庫使用與閱讀的行為。 本研究提出之研究結論如下：（1）政治大學的大學生近五成使用過電子書， 但使用過圖書館電子書資料庫者不到兩成；（2）使用圖書館電子書資料庫的主要 原因是「為了作業報告或學習研究需求」，而使用需求受到使用目的與動機之影 響；（3）最常使用的電子書檢索策略是「關鍵字檢索」，閱讀電子書的時間多為 1 小時，主要透過「線上閱讀」方式取用電子書，並以「跳讀，僅閱讀特定章節 /段落」方式閱讀單本電子書；（4）五成以上大學生喜歡實體書勝於電子書；（5） 對圖書館的電子書資料庫表示中度滿意，對電子書資料庫推廣服務則未達滿意； （6）「在螢幕上閱讀相當吃力」是大學生在使用圖書館電子書資料庫時最大的困 難，且電子書的閱讀較易出現注意力分散的情形；（7）影響政治大學的大學生使 用圖書館電子書資料庫的因素包含使用者主觀的使用經驗及客觀的外在環境。 最後，本研究對圖書館及電子書相關廠商提出以下建議：（1）圖書館應與廠 商定期合作舉行使用者滿意度調查，藉以瞭解使用者的使用行為、使用經驗及滿 意度；（2）建議電子書相關廠商簡化進入及取用電子書資料庫的步驟、利用圖像 式設計提供更明確且明顯的快速連結名稱，增加電子書資料庫的曝光率；（3）建 議圖書館瞭解大學生的需求及充實電子書資料庫館藏的質與量，增強正向使用經 驗及藉由同儕的影響力提高使用率；（4）圖書館應積極向教師推廣電子書資料庫 的使用並提供支援教學服務，以期透過相關課程，增加電子書資料庫曝光率及使 用率；（5）建議圖書館及電子書相關廠商透過創新且有趣的行銷推廣策略，以更 輕鬆且貼近大學生的服務及參與方式，提高大學生取用電子書資料庫之動機。 / This study mainly investigated using and reading e-books databases for undergraduates. The main purposes of the study are as follows: (1) to probe into undergraduate students’ use and reading behavior of e-book databases; (2) to discuss the undergraduates’ perception and satisfaction of e-book databases; (3) to find out the factors affecting undergraduates’ use of e-book databases; (4) to understand undergraduate students’ opinions and current state of e-book databases promotions services in university libraries. The study using questionnaire and interviewing as research methods. Through literature review, this study sorts previous researches on reading and use of e-books into four dimensions. A questionnaire is designed according to these dimensions and delivered to undergraduate students of NCCU. Moreover, 15 undergraduates are selected through purposive sampling from the returned questionnaire for further interviews. The conclusion of this study is summarized as follows: (1) near fifty percent of NCCU undergraduates read e-books, but only two percent used e-book databases; (2) the main reason why undergraduates use e-book databases is for term papers or research purposes, and their needs are affected by their purposes and motivations; (3) the most used retrieval skill is keyword searching, and most undergraduates use e-book online, just skimming and scanning for one hour at most; (4) over fifty percent of undergraduates prefer books to e-books; (5) undergraduates are generally satisfied with e-book databases acquired by NCCU Libraries, but they are less than satisfied with promotions of e-book databases; (6) the most challenge of using e-book databases for undergraduates is that “tiring to read on screen,” and they are easily distracted while reading e-books; (7) the factors affecting undergraduates to use e-book databases are attributed to their previous user experience and external environments. According to these conclusions, there are some suggestions made for university libraries and concerned e-book market investors: (1) university libraries may work with investors to hold regular user satisfaction survey; (2) it is recommended to simplify the access to e-book databases and e-books ; (3) to achieve higher use rate, libraries may improve the quantity and quality of e-books, and build positive user experience with e-book databases for undergraduates; (4) libraries may suggest and support faculty to teach with e-books or e-book databases in their courses; (5) libraries and investors may develop more innovative, easier and friendlier services for undergraduate students.