[pt] O texto literário pode hoje ser encontrado em diferentes plataformas, tornando-se acessível no computador, em tablets e até em celulares. Os paratextos editoriais, definidos por Gérard Genette como aparatos que giram em torno do texto principal de um livro, têm acompanhado estes deslocamentos. Sem deixar de exercer suas antigas funções, eles assumem outros formatos e proliferam no ambiente virtual, tendo muitas vezes mais acessos do que o texto da própria obra, considerado principal, veiculado frequentemente na plataforma impressa. Nesta dissertação, abordaremos os paratextos não só como um fenômeno de mercado que concede uma importância crescente à figura do autor, mas também à luz das quebras na hierarquização dos discursos provocadas pela tecnologia digital. Com este propósito, discutiremos o trailer do livro Todos nós adorávamos caubóis, de Carol Bensimon; a coluna As 15 coisas que sei sobre meu próximo livro, de Luisa Geisler, veiculada no Blog da Companhia; a hashtag Vida de escritor, no Instagram da editora Rocco; o folhetim Delegado Tobias, de Ricardo Lísias, publicado pela editora E-galáxia; e o blog da revista Peixe-elétrico. / [en] Nowadays, the literary text can be found in different platforms, including computers, tablets and even mobile phones. Editorial paratexts, defined by Gerard Genette as devices which gravitate around the body text of a book, have followed this shift. Not abandoning their former purposes, they have taken on other formats and have spread around the web. These paratexts are often more accessed than the actual text of the literary work, which is considered the principal part, frequently published and made available in print. This dissertation approaches paratexts not only as a market phenomenon, which grants the image of the author a growing importance, but also as a breach of discourse hierarchy, fueled by digital technology. Bearing that in mind, this study discusses the book trailer for Carol Bensimon s Todos nós adorávamos caubóis (We all loved cowboys); Luisa Geisler s column called As 15 coisas que sei sobre meu próximo livro (The 15 things I know about my next book), published online on Blog da Companhia; the hashtag Vida de escritor (Writer s life) on the Instagram account of the publishing house Rocco; the serial by Ricardo Lisias, Delegado Tobias (Tobias, chief of police), published by the e-book publishing house E-galaxia; and the Peixe-elétrico review s blog.

The objective of this thesis is to clarify the term efective reading and what belongs to this topic, also to explore how the meaning of this term changes in the field of the electronic documents. This work also examines the reader's options of working with text and his view in this matter. Eye movements are analysed in first chapter. The term efective reading and its related concepts are analysed in chapter two. Third chapter is dealing with efective screen reading and characteristics of electronic texts. The possibilities of user work with texts on e- book readers and software e-book readers are examined in fourth chapter. Fifth chapter assesses online e-book readers. Questionnaire survey concerning reading of electronic documents is evaluated in chapter six.

В работе исследуется работа книжных магазинов России и Европы. Деятельность магазинов рассматривается с социокультурной точки зрения. В диссертации проводится анализ крупных книжных сетей России, Германии и Польши, а также маленьких независимых магазинов в тех же странах по специальным параметрам. Кроме того, в работе рассмотрен мировой опыт функционирования книжных магазинов. На основе анализа выявлен ряд важнейших факторов, которые влияют на успешность работы книжного магазина, а также в целом на культурную ситуацию в городе и стране, где расположен книжный магазин. / The paper examines the work of bookstores in Russia and Europe. The activity of stores is considered from a socio-cultural point of view. The dissertation analyzes large book chains in Russia, Germany and Poland, as well as small independent stores in the same countries by special parameters. In addition, the paper considers the world experience of the functioning of bookstores. Based on the analysis, a number of important factors that affect the success of the bookstore, as well as the overall cultural situation in the city and country where the bookstore is located, are identified.

No description available.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The buying and reading patterns of book lovers have changed dramatically over the past decade. The effects of a shrinking reading market are far-reaching: tough(er) competition not only affects the profitability of the industry, but also places increasing pressure on sustainable growth over the long tenm. Hence the aim of this investigation: (0 identify publishing strategies that could counter these tendencie. .. - with reference to a study comparing the situation in the Netherlands and in South Africa. Michael E. Porter's model offers a useful framework for the critical assessment of international patterns in the publishing world. Changing client needs result in books competing all the more intensely with other forms of entertainment for disposable rands. However, in this struggle for survival the inherent value of books is being destroyed by too low profit margins. Porter's model also fits local tendencies, such as stiffer competition from overseas role players for whom geographical expansion to developing countries is the only way to attain and keep market share. An analysis of the Dutch industry presents three strategic choices: market domination, variety-based positioning or needs-based positioning. Within the context of the South African industry the conclusions of this study could find valuable applications, especially for the publishers in the NB group: • Market domination is not a viable strategy for a local publisher in South Africa. The competition offered by imported books (with a market share of 73%) is too strong. • Radical technological development demands a multi-media approach. Although the success of this strategy has not been adequately demonstrated, large-scale investment by new ventures in the Dutch industry underlines the necessity to investigate possibilities. • Although NB Publishers have lead the Afrikaans niche market with literature of high quality for decades, this segment is threatened by the increasingly important role of English, as well as the wide variety of world literature available in local bookshops. Moreover, profit from the Afrikaans niche market is being further eroded by foreign publishers establishing local imprints in South Africa and luring top writers. IT NB Publishers wish to maintain the lead in this market segment, they have to implement a strategy that not only guarantees quality, but manages to draw and keep the best writers and editors. Further hereto, specific actions need to be launched to develop the Afrikaans niche market. • In the relatively small South African market focus on future growth is essential. This given demands by implication a strategy that develops the underutilized potential of the black middle class. • All leading publishers in South Africa have a social responsibility to promote the reading, writing and availability of books, and strategies to this effect need to be coordinated with those of the Government. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Boekliefhebbers se koop- en leespatrone het in die afgelope dekade dramaties verander. Die gevolge wat 'n krimpende lesersmark inhou, is verreikend: Strawwe(r) mededinging beinvloed nie net die winsgewendheid van die industrie nie, maar plaas ook toenemend druk op langtermynvooruitsigte van volhoubare groei. Daarom wil hierdie ondersoek - aan die hand van 'n vergelykende studie tussen Nederland en Suid-Afrika - uitgewerstrategiee vind wat hierdie tendense kan teewerk. Michael E. Porter se model bied 'n handige raamwerk waarbinne internasionale patrone in die uitgewerswereld krities beskou kan word, o.m. klantbehoeftes wat verander sodat boeke al sterker moet meeding om besteebare rande naas ander vorme van vermaak, terwyl die inherente waarde van boeke in 'n stryd om oorlewing vernietig word deur te lae pryspunte. Ook plaaslike tendense pas binne hierdie model, byvoorbeeld strawwer mededinging van oorsese rolspelers vir wie geografiese uitbreiding na ontwikkelende lande die enigste manier is om markaandeel te wen en te behou. 'n Analise van die Nederlandse industrie bring drie strategiese keuses na vore: markdominansie, variteit-gebaseerde, of behoefte-gebaseerde posisionering. Gevolgtrekkings uit die ondersoek kan - binne die konteks van die Suid-Afrikaanse bedryfsomgewing - waardevolle toepassings vind, veral by die NB-Uitgewersgroep: • Markdominansie is geen strategiese koers vir 'n plaaslike uitgewer in Suid-Afrika nie. Die mededinging van ingevoerde boeke (met 'n markaandeel van 73%) is te sterk. • Ingrypende tegnologiese ontwikkelinge vereis 'n multi-mediale aanpak. Hoewel die sukses van hierdie strategiese keuse nog nie genoegsaam bewys is nie, beklemtoon grootskaalse beleggings deur nuwe ondernemings in die Nederlandse industrie die noodsaak om moontlikhede te ondersoek. • Alhoewel NB-Uitgewers vir dekades in die Afrikaanse nismark die markleier was met literatuur van hoë gehalte, word hierdie segment bedreig deur die rol van Engels wat toenemend belangriker word, asook die wye verskeidenheid van wereldliteratuur wat in plaaslike boekwinkels beskikbaar is. Daarby word wins uit die Afrikaanse nismark verder weggekalwe deurdat buitelandse uitgewers plaaslike drukname in Suid-Afrika vestig en topskrywers wegrokkel. lndien NB-Uitgewers steeds die voortou wil neern in hierdie marksegment, moet 'n strategie geimplementeer word wat nie net gehalte waarborg nie, maar ook topskrywers en redaksionele talent werf en behou. In aansluiting hierby moet spesifieke aksies geloods word om Afrikaans as nismark uit te bou. • In die relatief klein Suid-Afrikaanse mark is 'n gerigtheid op toekomstige groei noodsaaklik. By implikasie vra hierdie gegewe om 'n strategie waarin die onbenutte potensiaal van die swart middelklas ontgin kan word. • Alle leidende uitgewers in Suid-Afrika het 'n sosiale verantwoordelikheid om lees, skryf en die beskikbaarheid van boeke te bevorder, en hierdie strategiee behoort met die van die regering gekoordineer te word.

In light of often derogatory and unqualified assessments of Yiddish literature adapted from German narrative models, this thesis will propose a different approach to viewing these adaptations. Building on methodologies and frameworks of analyses developed in contemporary medieval scholarship, this thesis pushes for a re-assessment of this literature and suggests a flexible model of adaptation that views adaptation as a creative interaction between two texts. In response to unsatisfactory approaches to judaizing strategies found in Yiddish texts adapted from German literature, this thesis also suggests a different approach. Judaizing processes can either be part of overall processes of adaptation aimed at coding the text as Jewish within an overarching framework of renewed cultural specificity; or, they can function as translation principles by achieving equivalence with the original model. To illustrate both ends of this scale of adaptation, this thesis centres on two early modern Yiddish texts: the Kuhbukh (Verona, 1595) and the Siben weisen mainster bichel (Basel, 1602). The four chapters at the core of this thesis develop and apply extensive frameworks of literary analyses which enable us to rigorously assess the differing levels of adaptations (translation and Wiedererzählen) of both texts. This thesis pushes for a future reassessment of other popular Yiddish narratives adapted from German models. This could ideally be achieved by a positioning of each individual Yiddish text based on German narratives on the proposed scale of adaptation. This should be backed by verifiable methodologies and analyses devoid of unjustifiably dismissive opinions. This would consequently move scholarship towards structured, methodological analyses of early Yiddish secular literature.

Försiktighetsprincipen är och har länge varit en av de viktigaste principerna inom svensk redovisning. Sedan år 2005 måste dock samtliga börsnoterade företag i Sverige upprätta sin redovisning i enlighet med det internationella regelverket International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Tidigare forskning har anmärkt att IFRS ger relativt mycket utrymme för subjektiva bedömningar och har ett komplicerat förhållande till försiktighet som är ett omdebatterat ämne bland redovisare.Att upprätta redovisning är en subjektiv process där personliga egenskaper hos redovisaren och redovisarens omgivning har en inverkan på sättet den upprättas. Uppsatsens syfte är därför att förklara vilka faktorer som påverkar tillämpningen av försiktighet i redovisning i svenska börsnoterade företag. Studien fyller ett gap kring styrelsesammansättningens påverkan på mängden försiktighet i redovisning som inte är ett väl utforskat område, speciellt angåendesvenska förhållanden. Den undersöker även hur ägarstruktur och företagets storlek påverkar redovisningen i fråga om tillämpningen av försiktighet. För att genomföra studien har nödvändig data inhämtats från databaser och årsredovisningar. Market-to-Book valuehar använtssom en metod för att mäta försiktighet i redovisning. Studienhar kommit fram till några intressanta resultat som bidragit till forskningen kring försiktighetsprincipens framtid. Det har nämligen visat sig att företag med en större andel kvinnori styrelsen tenderar att vara mer försiktiga i sin redovisning. Större företag har även påvisats visa mindre tendenser till en försiktig redovisning vilket inte var förenligt med studiens ena hypotes. Försiktighet i redovisning är ett omdiskuterat ämne och det finns fortfarande mycket kvar att undersöka. Framtida forskning skulle kunna undersöka hur andra faktorer påverkar redovisningens försiktighet exempelvis redovisares personlighetsdrag. Andra metoder borde även användas för att mäta graden av tillämpning av försiktighetsprincipen.

While 'book hunger' in Third World societies was regarded by a 'first generation' of theorists, working in the modernization/diffusion of innovation paradigm, as a cause of underdevelopment (and thus requiring the correction of problems relating to the undersupply of books to Third World countries by means of book aid policies, transfer of expertise and technology, and development of modern (western) publishing and distribution procedures and infrastructures), a 'second generation' of theorists working in the dependency/disassociation paradigm responded by insisting that 'book hunger' was an effect of the underdevelopment of peripheral economies, and a symptom of the debilitating cultural effects of the global economic order, with its skewed international distribution of knowledge, resources and capital. In recent approaches to the topic of 'book hunger' (which are wary of the sweeping dichotomies of dependency theory), 'book hunger' serves to describe a chronic shortage of books which results from complex structural inequities and antagonisms, from the distorting effects of global rationalization, as well as from local economic arrangements and policy mechanisms which do not adequately meet the knowledge and information needs of competing local cultural formations. 'Book hunger' is seen to derive from a range of causes, and to produce a range of effects, which correspond to the varying needs, resources, and conditions operative in - and the cultural media and knowledge infrastructures available within specific societies. Obviously, 'book hunger' is rooted to a considerable degree in the specific historical configurations and socioeconomic circumstances of specific countries. An understanding of complex, globally-interlinked socio-cultural, political and economic structures and practices is thus crucial to understanding 'book hunger' in South Africa. A survey of global and local environments within which scholarly books are produced and circulated - including South African distribution systems and knowledge dissemination networks - makes it possible to sketch an approach to South Africa's own 'book hunger:' which is sensitive to the complexity and the specificity of conditions in the local booktrade, and which is able to contribute to the complex debates on local knowledge infrastructures, strategies for book development and new forms of distribution which are now beginning to take place in South Africa. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, 1994.

This thesis is an in-depth study of the labour market in the UK publishing sector. The aim is to study the role of social ties in publishing in external recruitment and internal promotion. Conventional sociological studies on social ties and labour market outcomes either neglect the perspective of the recruiter and the referrer or fail to explore the mechanisms by which social ties bring about labour market outcomes. This thesis fills these gaps. I used qualitative research methods, i.e. semi-structured interviews and participant observation for this research. The semi-structured interviews were with 40 interviewees, who were working in different roles (e.g. editorial and design) and levels (e.g. senior and junior) in Oxford and London-based publishing houses. I also served as a committee member of a publishing association in Oxford for seven months. Participant observation serves to triangulate the information I obtained through semi-structured interviews. This thesis examines different aspects of the labour market process and mechanisms. Regarding recruitment methods, I found that whether recruiters use formal or informal (word of mouth) methods depend on the level of uncertainty of recruiting a wrong person and the cost of making such mistakes. The greater the uncertainty and the cost, the more likely recruiters are to use social ties. Social ties serve to provide information about the availability of suitable employees. With regard to selection processes, I found that professional skills are a must but not enough in themselves. Recruiters use informal method at the final stage of selection to ensure the recruits possess the relevant qualities. As for job-hunting methods, I found that most newcomers introduce themselves using formal methods to get into publishing but in fact informality is often embedded in formal methods. Interviewees at managerial level almost entirely got their job through informal channels. Social ties have different functions as people rise through the different levels: whereas first entrants use social ties to obtain information about job opportunities, senior level staff members and freelancers carry with them reputation of their fitness to fill a particular position. Finally, when it comes to internal promotion, employers in my sample promote staff from within the company who already possesses the relevant skills, so as to minimize training costs and get around the uncertainties in settling in new staff. From the employees’ point of view, so long as they perform well in the job and establish a cooperative link with their boss and team members, they would be able to be promoted.

Containing portraiture and biography as well as protest text and affirmative text, African- American Illustrated biographical dictionaries made from 1876 to 1917 present Social Gospel ideology and are examples of Afro-Protestantism. They are similar to the first American illustrated biographical dictionaries of the 1810s in that they formed social identity after national conflict while contesting concepts of social inferiority. The production of these books occurred during the early years of Jim Crow, a period of momentous change to the legal and social fabric of the United States, and because of momentous changes in modern American print industries. While portraits within the books simultaneously form, blur, and stabilize identity, biographies convey themes of perseverance, social equity, and social struggle. More specifically, text formed an imagined community in the African-American middle class imaginary. It worked together with image to help create a proto-Civil Rights social movement identity during the beginning of racial apartheid.