abstract: This study sought to create a holistic picture of Ethnic Studies as it relates to education through the voices and experiences of scholars who bridge Ethnic Studies and education. It examines Ethnic Studies through the conceptual lens of Safety Zone Theory (Lomawaima & McCarty, 2006). At the heart of Safety Zone Theory (SZT) is the concept that historically the U.S. federal government (and to an extent society as a result of this governmental framing) has designated certain elements of minority cultures as “safe” and other elements as “divisive.” SZT was originally applied to examine federal Indian education policy in the U.S. In this study, I expand that application to other minority and immigrant cultures within the United States. This research is significant because despite the minority population growth in the United States public school curricula typically only make reference to such groups and their histories a minimal side note (Loewen, 2007; U.S. Census, 2013; Zinn, 2003). For example, in 2010 the Arizona state legislature declared Ethnic Studies illegal on the grounds that it allegedly promotes “anti-American sentiments" (A.R.S. §15–112). Using Seidman’s (2013) three-part interview protocol, leading figures in the field of Ethnic Studies as it relates to education were interviewed to gain their perspectives on the “life story” of this field. Again following Seidman’s (2013) protocol, narrative profiles were crafted for each participant. The profiles were analyzed individually for emerging themes; this was followed by a cross-case analysis. This multilevel qualitative analysis yielded a larger narrative of Ethnic Studies that helps us to understand its past and envision its future. My hope is that this research impacts future policy on Ethnic Studies and current curricula, particularly in states and school districts making decisions on the importance and need of Ethnic Studies as a part of the curriculum. Also, the research can aid preservice teachers and principals in learning to see the fullness of their students, the places they come from, and the value and funds of knowledge that they bring to the classroom. I also hope that this is the beginning of more studies on the impact of individual stories and the stories as a collective in regards to race and ethnicity. Demographics within the United States are changing at a rapid pace, and school is children’s introduction to society. As a mini-society/community, there is a responsibility to model what they are going step into in real life. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2016

abstract: According to my 2016 survey of ASU undergraduate students, 33% have used stimulant medications (e.g. Adderall or Ritalin) without a prescription to study. I view this practice as a step towards cognitive enhancement, which is the deliberate application of biotechnology to radically alter the human condition. From a foresight perspective, the ability to actively improve human beings, to take our evolutionary destiny into our own hands, may be a turning point on par with agriculture or the use of fossil fuels. The existential risks, however, may be greater than the benefits—and many of the most radical technologies have made little documented progress. I turn to an actual example where people are trying to make themselves marginally better at academic tasks, as a guide to how future transformative development in human enhancement may be incorporated into everyday practice. This project examines the history and context that led to the widespread use of stimulant medication on college campuses. I describe how Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), for which stimulant medication is prescribed and diverted, governs students, negotiates relationships between parents and school authorities, and manages anxieties resulting from a competitive neoliberal educational system. I extend this archeology of ADHD through the actions and ethical beliefs of college students, and the bioethical arguments for and against human enhancement. Through this work, I open a new space for an expanded role for universities as institutions capable of creating experimental communities supporting ethical cognitive enhancement. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Science and Technology Policy 2016

abstract: School choice reforms such as charter schools, vouchers, open enrollment, and private and public school tax credit donation programs have expanded throughout the United States over the past twenty years. Arizona’s long-standing public school choice system enrolls a higher percentage of public school students in charter schools than any state besides Washington D.C. A growing number of Arizona’s charter schools are managed by for-profit and nonprofit Education Management Organizations (EMOs). Advocates of school choice argue that free-market education approaches will make public schools competitive and nimble as parents’ choices place pressures on schools to improve or close. This, then, improves all schools: public, private, and charter. Critics are concerned that education markets produce segregation along racial and social class lines and inequalities in educational opportunities, because competition favors advantaged parents and children who can access resources. Private and for-profit schools may see it in their interest to exclude students who require more support. School choice programs, then, may further marginalize students who live in poverty, who receive special education services, and English language learners. We do not fully understand how Arizona’s mature school choice system affects parents and other stakeholders in communities “on the ground.” That is, how are school policies understood and acted out? I used ethnographic methods to document and analyze the social, cultural, and political contexts and perspectives of stakeholders at one district public school and in its surrounding community, including its charter schools. I examined: (a) how stakeholders perceived and engaged with schools; (b) how stakeholders understood school policies, including school choice policies; and (c) what influenced families’ choices. Findings highlight how most stakeholders supported district public schools. At the same time, some “walked the line” between choices that were good for their individual families and those they believed were good for public schools and society. Stakeholders imagined “community” and “accountability” in a range of ways, and they did not all have equal access to policy knowledge. Pressures related to parental accountability in the education market were apparent as stakeholders struggled to make, and sometimes revisit, their choices, creating a tenuous schooling environment for their families. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2017

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-05-08T19:37:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCMD.pdf: 2703424 bytes, checksum: 15061d14284e13d481593c6f3019c153 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-10T19:44:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCMD.pdf: 2703424 bytes, checksum: 15061d14284e13d481593c6f3019c153 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-10T19:45:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCMD.pdf: 2703424 bytes, checksum: 15061d14284e13d481593c6f3019c153 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T19:51:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCMD.pdf: 2703424 bytes, checksum: 15061d14284e13d481593c6f3019c153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This dissertation is as study on the Ensino Médio Inovador Program (ProEMI), created by the Federal government by ordinance n.º 971, from October 9, 2009. The aim is to debate if this educational policy strengths the early professional development of young students who attend the regular public high schools. Work here is understood as an educational principle, and this study try to investigate the ProEMI in face of the historical and social necessity involved in currently high school education and in the whole youth formation nowadays. The first part focus on the Marxist theoretical and methodological references regarding to the fields of work and education, specially the contribution of the Italian communist Antonio Gramscie. The second part presents a bibliographic review of the history of the high school in Brazil. The objective is to understand how education was structured, its identity and how high school education posited itself in face of the social conflicts and the demands for education and training in the productive world. The second chapter also analyzes the legislation related to the ProEMI, mainly focusing on the first decade of the 21st Century. At the end of this study, the last and final chapter presents a field research at Sorocaba School Board (SP). Three public schools were selected by the grades obtained in the IDESP (Educational Development Index of the State of São Paulo). The research techniques employed were questionnaire and interviews with the school management body and students in the 12th-grade where ProEMI takes place. This study intend to contribute to the unveiling of the public policies for high schools, relating to the necessities involved in this stage of youth training and formation, based on principles of Brazilian theorists in Education, who keep alive the spark of a school for all and of high-quality. / A presente dissertação consiste em um estudo sobre o Programa Ensino Médio Inovador (ProEMI), instituído pelo governo federal por meio da Portaria nº 971, de 09 de outubro de 2009, problematizando se esta política educacional influencia no fortalecimento da profissionalização precoce dos jovens que frequentam o ensino médio público regular. Sob a ótica que considera o trabalho enquanto um princípio educativo, buscou-se investigar o ProEMI diante das necessidades históricas e sociais que envolvem o ensino médio e a formação plena da juventude nos dias de hoje. Na primeira parte da pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo sobre os referenciais teórico-metodológicos concernentes à área do trabalho e da educação, fundamentando as reflexões sobre o campo educativo na perspectiva do marxismo, e em especial, nas contribuições do comunista italiano Antonio Gramsci. Na segunda parte, foi elaborada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a história do ensino médio no Brasil, de forma a compreender como ele se estruturou ao longo desse processo, qual a sua identidade e como ele se estabeleceu diante dos conflitos e demandas sociais por educação e formação para o mundo produtivo. Ainda no segundo capítulo, buscou-se analisar e debater a legislação relacionada ao ProEMI, concentrada, sobretudo, na primeira década do século XXI. Ao fim desse processo, tem-se no terceiro e último capítulo, a realização da pesquisa de campo na Diretoria de Ensino da cidade de Sorocaba, interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foram selecionadas três escolas públicas, por meio das notas produzidas pelo IDESP (Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação do Estado de São Paulo), e realizadas técnicas de pesquisa como: aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas ao corpo gestor das escolas públicas adeptas ao ProEMI, e realização de entrevistas com estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio das unidades selecionadas. Por meio deste trabalho, pretende-se contribuir no desvelamento das políticas educacionais direcionadas ao ensino médio na atualidade, dialogando com as necessidades que envolvem essa etapa do processo de escolarização e de formação da juventude, baseando-nos para a análise, nos princípios e fundamentos educacionais elaborados pelos teóricos da educação no Brasil que, com excelência e primazia, mantém viva essa centelha por uma escola e um ensino universais e de qualidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2071363 bytes, checksum: 8dafdb2a10c4fa2a49298b57e6d7e138 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The multiplication strategy within the range of inclusion public policies from the Education Ministry - MEC, object of the present study, has been widely used in Brazil as a way of reaching all boroughs in this country of continental dimensions. According to the international guidelines, through different programs, the Education Ministry has adopted this strategy, in order to organize the multipliers formation, from boroughs that are situated in the five regions of the country. The research field of this study is specifically the Program Inclusive Education: the right to diversity - PEI: DD, established in Brazil by The Special Education Secretary Seesp-since 2003. Although this strategy has been current practice in the political actions of the federal government, the studies that hold the genesis, monitoring and knowledge of the multiplication process results in Brazil are still unknown. This investigation, conducted in the field of Cultural Studies and Inclusive Education, adopted the methodology Case Study and Grounded Theory for the theoretical construction based on data collected in the research field. Five boroughs, chosen as pole, were investigated : Salvador, Feira de Santana, Juazeiro, Vitoria da Conquista and Barreiras, from 2003 to 2008. The work was grounded on the qualitative research through the case study methodology. A total of 15 municipal representatives, one representative from the state and five, from the federal level participated in the research. The focus was a wide variety of evidences, as research techniques, besides the semi-structured interview, a survey of official documents and the change timeline were used by the participants who judged that there had been significant changes in their practice that could be associated to the Program, Media and the Research Diary- PDS, in which sensations and information were recorded under the researcher view in her research itinerary. The data were analyzed through similarities, contrasts and barriers among the boroughs that are field of the research. Considering the territorial dimension of our country, the findings indicate that there are similarities in the actions realized by the PEI boroughs: DD and the innumerable barriers inherent to the own administrative policy from the federal government that ties the multiplication agents. It also illuminates the urgency of the implementation of evaluative and comparative studies from the results of the multiplication strategy application to the public policies of inclusion, aiming to analyze its effectiveness at the national level and reset it to the local and regional reality, in addition to helping ensure the optimization of investment in improving the quality of education for all, including those with disabilities. The study also is expected to contribute to the advancement of the debate and knowledge on the area of public policies and, more specifically, the strategies of dissemination of inclusion educational policies in Brazil. / A estratégia de multiplicação no âmbito de políticas públicas de inclusão do Ministério da Educação MEC, objeto do presente estudo, vem sendo amplamente utilizada no Brasil como forma de alcançar todos os municípios de um país de dimensão continental. Em consonância com diretrizes internacionais, por meio de diferentes programas, o MEC adota essa estratégia, a partir da qual organiza a formação de multiplicadores de municípios localizados nas cinco regiões do país. O presente estudo tem como campo de pesquisa especificamente o Programa Educação Inclusiva: direito à diversidade PEI: DD, implantado no Brasil desde o ano de 2003 pela Secretaria de Educação Especial Seesp. Muito embora tal estratégia constitua prática corrente nas ações políticas do governo federal, ainda são desconhecidos os estudos que se detenham à gênese, acompanhamento e conhecimento dos resultados do processo de multiplicação no Brasil. Esta investigação, realizada no campo dos Estudos Culturais e Educação Inclusiva, adotou a metodologia Estudo de Caso e a Teoria Fundamentada para a construção teórica a partir dos dados colhidos no campo de pesquisa. Foram investigados cinco municípios-polo, a saber: Salvador, Feira de Santana, Juazeiro, Vitória da Conquista e Barreiras, no período de 2003-2008. O trabalho alicerçou-se na pesquisa qualitativa através da metodologia de estudo de caso. Participaram da pesquisa um total de 15 representantes da esfera municipal, um representante da esfera estadual e cinco representantes da esfera federal. Primando pela ampla variedade de evidências, como técnicas de pesquisa, além da entrevista semiestruturada, foram utilizados levantamento de documentos oficiais, a linha de tempo da mudança preenchida apenas pelos participantes que julgaram ter havido mudanças significativas em sua prática que pudessem estar associadas ao Programa, meios de comunicação e o Diário de Pesquisa DPq, no qual foram registradas sensações e informações colhidas sob o olhar da pesquisadora em seu itinerário de pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados através de semelhanças, contrastes e barreiras entre os municípios campo da pesquisa. Dada a dimensão territorial do país, os achados indicam que há similaridades nas ações realizadas pelos municípios do PEI: DD e inúmeras barreiras, inclusive, inerentes à própria política administrativa do governo federal, que engessam os agentes de multiplicação. Também ilumina a urgência da implementação de estudos avaliativos e comparativos dos resultados da aplicação da estratégia de multiplicação de políticas públicas de inclusão visando a analisar sua efetividade no âmbito nacional e reajustá-lo à realidade local e regional, além de contribuir para assegurar a otimização do investimento na melhoria da qualidade da educação para todos, incluindo aqueles com deficiência. Com o estudo, espera-se contribuir para o avanço do debate e conhecimento na área de políticas públicas e, mais especificamente, das estratégias de disseminação de políticas educacionais de inclusão no Brasil.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho buscou entender o funcionamento do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica e os vínculos com uma proposta de currículo nacional, no caso expresso pela construção de Matrizes Curriculares de Referência. Além da análise dos documentos que subsidiam a política de avaliação, captaram-se, nos depoimentos dos profissionais que vivenciaram o SAEB em diferentes funções, a forma como a Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro e as escolas da rede relacionam-se com as propostas centrais. Procurou-se, assim, verificar as inter-relações entre os contextos de influência, produção de texto de política e prática, como proposto por Ball. Nesse processo, percebeu-se as influências e os efeitos da política educacional na reconfiguração do campo da prática. / The present study has sought to understand the functioning of the National System of Evaluation of Primary Education (SAEB), and its links to a National Curriculum proposal, as expressed within the process of construction of the Reference Curricular Guidelines. Apart from analysing the documents that give support to the evaluation policies, the study has focused on the discourses of professionals that participated in several functions in the SAEB, pinpointing ways by which the Municipal Secretary of Education of Rio de Janeiro and the schools within its net relate with central government proposals. The study therefore highlights the relationships among contexts of influence that work in the text production of policies and those responsible for their implementation, as suggested by Ball. The data evidence influences and effects of educational policies in the reshaping of educational practices.

O presente trabalho tem como foco a questão da permanência dos alunos adultos do ensino noturno. Este estudo busca analisar as razões da permanência escolar entre os adultos, por meio do estudo de suas narrativas quanto às trajetórias de vida, expectativas escolares, razões de seu retorno à escola e os sonhos que acalentam sobre o universo escolar. É uma pesquisa, portanto, que se realiza com uma perspectiva qualitativa. Os alunos pesquisados participam da Escola Municipal Nísia Vilela Fernandes, escola da rede pública de Duque de Caxias, município da Baixada Fluminense, no Rio de Janeiro. A escola pesquisada oferece o ensino fundamental em 4 turnos (7h as 11h; 11h as 15h; 15h as 19h; 19h as 22h) onde a organização das anos iniciais e do ensino noturno é em ciclos. Os adultos, por conta da política educacional local, foram incluídos no ensino regular noturno como uma das estratégias de inclusão no financiamento do FUNDEF (atualmente estratégia desnecessária com a criação do FUNDEB). Por que os alunos pesquisados permanecem na escola? Quais os significados da escola para estes alunos em suas Histórias de Vida? Quais relações mantiveram com a escola enquanto crianças e jovens? Quais expectativas mantêm em relação ao processo de escolarização? Como rompem com os desafios familiares e profissionais para estarem na escola? Estas questões são trabalhadas com auxílio de conceitos como pobreza (SANTOS, Milton, 2008; SANTOS, Boaventura de Souza, 1995, 2007; TELLES, 2008), religiosidade (TEIXEIRA, 2006; MENEZES, 2006; NOVAES, 2006; LAHIRE, 2006/08; BOURDIEU, 1997/8/9, 2001;) e processo de socialização escolar (LAHIRE, 2006/08; DUBET, 2004/08; BOURDIEU 1997/8/9, 2001; FREIRE, 1979, 1981/8, 1991/3/4 e 2000)

This essay introduces the educational decentralization as an important issue of the global public reform that become in different kinds of relationship between the State and the civil society. To precise this subject, this article develops conceptual distinctions among concepts close to the decentralization area. In addition,advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization are mentioned. At the last, the author analyzes the background and legislation of the Peruvian educational decentralization. / Este ensayo aborda la temática de la descentralización educativa, asumiéndolacomo parte de una reforma global del Estado y que establece relaciones diferentescon la sociedad civil. Para precisar esta temática, se presentan en primer lugar algunasdistinciones conceptuales claves entre la descentralización y otros términosrelacionados, así como las ventajas y desventajas de este proceso de descentralización.Posteriormente, se plantean los antecedentes y el contexto normativo de ladescentralización educativa en el Perú.

abstract: This study examined the experiences of first-generation college students who were enrolled in online degree programs at a traditional brick-and-mortar university located in the western United States. These students were viewed as "double first-generation" because they were not only the first in their family to pursue a bachelor's degree, but were also among the first generation in the history of American higher education to pursue public, postsecondary education in an entirely online format. The research was designed as a multiple methods case study that emphasized qualitative methods. Being exploratory in nature, the study focused on participant characteristics and the ways that they responded to and persisted in online degree programs. Data was collected through research that was conducted entirely online; it included an e-survey, two asynchronous focus groups, and individual interviews that were conducted via Skype. Grounded theory served as the primary method for data analysis, while quantitative descriptive statistics contextualized the case. The results of this study provide a window into the micro- and macro-level tensions at play in public, online postsecondary education. The findings indicate that these pioneering and traditionally underserved students drew from their diverse backgrounds to persist toward degree completion, overcoming challenges associated with time and finances, in hopes that their efforts would bring career and social mobility. As one of the first studies to critically examine the case of double first-generation college students, this study extends the literature in meaningful ways to provide valuable insights for policymakers, administrators, faculty, and staff who are involved with this population. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2013

abstract: This study reports on research that explores local manifestations of Arizona's English-only language education policy by investigating the experiences of selected English language learners (ELLs) with reclassification into mainstream classrooms and four of their classroom teachers. In this study, I employed ethnographic methods (participant observation, document collection, interviewing, and focus groups) to investigate what practices emerge after ELLs are reclassified as "Fluent English Proficient" (FEP) students and moved from "the four-hour English Language Development (ELD) block" into mainstream classrooms. With a focus on the perspectives and experiences of twelve 5th and 6th grade elementary school students and four of their teachers, I examined how students and teachers viewed and responded to restrictive language policies and the practices that accompany them. One finding from this study is that students and teachers believed that the four-hour ELD block helped prepare students to learn English, but "proficiency" in English as determined by the Arizona English Language Learner Assessment (AZELLA) did not always indicate a solid understanding of the language used in the mainstream classrooms. A second finding from this study is that ideologies of language that position English over multilingualism are robust and further strengthened by language policies that prohibit the use of languages other than English in ELD and mainstream classrooms. A third finding from this study is that, in part because of the language restrictive policies in place, particular groups of students continued to engage in practices that enact ideologies of language that devalue multilingualism (e.g., "language policing"). At the same time, however, a close examination of student-to-student interaction indicates that these same students use their multiple linguistic and communicative resources in a variety of creative and purposeful ways (e.g., through language crossing and language sharing). The close examination of policy as practice in a restrictive educational language policy context conducted here has implications for debates about English-only as a method and medium of instruction, about how the ideologies of language operate in situated interactional contexts, and about how youth might use existing resources to challenge restrictive ideologies and policies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2013