Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-04T15:35:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-19T16:44:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T16:44:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) diane_aparecida_oliveira_menezes.pdf: 4823131 bytes, checksum: 155819e1530adffc72630572a999ebdd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Visando conhecer os aspectos epidemiol?gicos da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, que comp?em a Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora/MG, realizou-se um estudo de distribui??o da doen?a na popula??o. Os dados foram analisados mediante a utiliza??o das informa??es dispon?veis no Sistema de Informa??o de Agravos de Notifica??o (SINAN), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE), Empresa de Assist?ncia T?cnica e Extens?o Rural do Estado Minas Gerais (EMATER) e Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). O estudo apresentou como objetivo geral tra?ar o perfil epidemiol?gico da dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: a) Investigar a incid?ncia de dengue nos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG, entre os anos de 2012 a 2015; b) Quantificar os casos confirmados de dengue nos munic?pios segundo faixa et?ria, ra?a/cor, sexo e escolaridade; c) Verificar a distribui??o espacial dos casos de dengue nos munic?pios, comparando com dados de vari?veis ambientais; d) Conhecer o funcionamento estrutural dos munic?pios no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento da dengue, mediante an?lises dos Planos de Conting?ncia para o Controle da Dengue; e) Subsidiar as secretarias de sa?de dos munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG com informa??es ajustadas sobre a dengue. ? um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, com an?lises descritivas e explorat?rias, com dados retrospectivos. No munic?pio de Buritizeiro - MG foram notificados 1.801 casos de dengue e confirmados 641, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos pardos, do sexo feminino, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. J? no munic?pio de Pirapora - MG foram notificados 3.267casos e confirmados 1.977, sendo o maior n?mero em indiv?duos do sexo feminino, pardos, com escolaridade ensino m?dio completo. A infec??o ocorreu em todas as faixas et?rias, sendo mais frequentes em indiv?duos de 20 a 49 anos de idade. Os munic?pios de Buritizeiro - MG e Pirapora - MG apresentaram incid?ncias vari?veis durante o per?odo do estudo. O ?ndice de Moran n?o mostrou evid?ncias de agrega??o espacial (I = - 0,018 p = 0,421). A an?lise da incid?ncia da dengue em rela??o ?s ambientais n?o evidenciou correla??o estatisticamente significativa para qualquer das vari?veis (temperatura m?dia diurna: r = - 0,0591, p = 0,7268; temperatura m?dia noturna: r = 0,2126, p = 0,1938; NDVI: r = 0,0219, p = 0,8949). O presente estudo servir? de base para elabora??o de pol?ticas p?blicas regionalizadas visando ? conten??o da dengue na Regi?o de Sa?de de Pirapora, Minas Gerais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Aiming to know the epidemiological aspects of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, which compose the Region of Health of Pirapora / MG, a study of the distribution of the disease in the population was carried out. Data was analyzed using the information available in the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN), Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of the State of Minas Gerais (EMATER) and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The objective of the study was to establish the epidemiological profile of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG between the years of 2012 and 2015. The specific objectives were: a) To investigate the incidence of dengue in the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG, between the years of 2012 to 2015; B) To quantify the confirmed cases of dengue in the municipalities according to age, race/color, sex and education; C) To verify the spatial distribution of the dengue cases in the municipalities, comparing with data of environmental variables; D) To know the structural functioning of the municipalities with regard to coping with dengue, through analysis of Contingency Plans for Dengue Control; E) Subsidize the health secretariats of the municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG with adjusted information on dengue. It is a longitudinal, quantitative study with descriptive and exploratory analyzes, with retrospective data. In the municipality of Buritizeiro - MG, 1,801 cases of dengue fever were reported and 641 confirmed cases, the highest number in mixedrace individuals, females, with a high school education. In the municipality of Pirapora - MG, 3,267 cases were reported and 1,977 confirmed, with the highest number in females, pardos, with a high school education. The infection occurred in all age groups, being more frequent in individuals from 20 to 49 years of age. The municipalities of Buritizeiro - MG and Pirapora - MG presented variable incidences during the study period. The Moran index did not show evidence of spatial aggregation (I = - 0.018 p = 0.421). Dengue incidence was not statistically significant for any of the variables (mean daytime temperature: r = -0.0591, p = 0.7268, mean night temperature: r = 0.2126, p = 0, 1938; NDVI: r = 0.0219, p = 0.8949). The present study will serve as a basis for the elaboration of regionalized public policies aiming at the containment of dengue in the Health Region of Pirapora, Minas Gerais.

Aim: The purpose of this research is to develop an in-depth understanding on the environmental factors that influence the internationalization of SMEs in an emerging African market environment. Methods: The study was conducted by using a qualitative research design. To fulfil the purpose of this research, the researchers adopted the use of a single case study to explain the different aspects of the topic being studied within the emerging market context. The research was supported with primary data obtained directly from the company through interviews and also with secondary data in order to support and compare the results obtained from this research. Results were analyzed using thematic analysis with the use of the NVivo software to represent data collected. Results: The main findings of this research indicate the internationalization process of financial SMEs in an African country like Ghana is heavily influenced by the socio-cultural factors in their home market environment and the technological factors in their host markets. Again, it was realized that the internal resources of the firm, particularly the competitive advantage, remained highly relevant and influential in the internationalization process on both markets. Furthermore, it was found that the internationalization process was not only influenced by the firm’s resources or the environmental factors but also by the firm’s organizational internal processes, international activities, level of foreign experiences and firm identity. Conclusions: Environmental factors have both positive and negative influence on the internationalization process of financial SMEs in an emerging economy like Ghana. Some factors have more impact on the home market than on the host market and vice versa. In addition, the internationalization process of financial SMEs in Ghana can mostly be initiated and successful when the firm has a market gap or foothold strong enough to sustain competitive advantage in the long run on both host and home markets. More importantly, this unique edge must be buttressed by ample firm resources.

The variation of marine environmental factors modulates environmental seasonality and influence on diversity, fish catchability and that is directly related to yield in from fisheries. There is important to define patterns of variations to ensure the maintenance of stocks. Thus, the objective was to test if the seasonal pattern of rainfall and wind influences in structure of fish assemblages in tropical coastal and yield in gillnet fishing bottom. For this there were three samples during the rainy season and three in the dry season. It has been calculated: 1. Species and specimens number per net bid; 2. Average length per species per bid; 3.Catch per net bid; 4.CPUE with standardized effort: weight (Kg) / (net 1330 m * net bid hr); 5. Average wind speed (average of 6 hours per day: 3 hr per bid + 2 hr before + 2 hr after) (m/s); 6. Monthly precipitation sum (mm). The diversity was analyzed by abundance Whittaker curves, diversity profiles and Shannon index. Was used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to analyze the relationship of more abundant species with environmental variables. Were collected 2.373 fish belonging to 73 species of 34 families, of whom 20 frequent and abundant species. The Whittker diagram indicated the rainy season as richer and more equitable than the dry season. The diversity profiles indicated that the rainy season was slightly more diverse than the dry season, even Student t-test for the diversity of Shannon did not detect significant differences between seasons. The univariate ANOVA showed a significant difference to factor weather station, with the rainy season having the highest average observed values. The factorial ANOVA indicated a significant difference for rainfall only. The chi-square (X2) indicated that winds of the northeast quadrant (NE) predominated in the dry season and the southeast quadrant (SE) in the rainy season. The PCA indicated the formation of three species groups, a group mainly related to wind speed, rainfall with another group and a separate one, a separate one with the largest number of species and varied environments. Thus, it was concluded that the seasonal pattern of rainfall and wind modulate the structure of assemblies of fish and fishery yields, with bottom gill net in tropical areas. Emphasizes that rainfall strongly affects the salinity and turbidity in coastal water. Thus, we suggest the analysis of salinity and turbity as complementary studies to assess the impact of environmental variations on the ichthyofauna structure. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A variação de fatores ambientais marinhos modula a sazonalidade do ambiente, influencia na diversidade, na capturabilidade dos peixes e está diretamente relacionada com o rendimento das pescarias. É importante que se definam padrões de variação a fim de garantir a manutenção dos estoques. Dessa forma, objetivou-se testar se o padrão sazonal de pluviosidade e de ventos influencia na estrutura das assembleias de peixes tropicais costeiros e no rendimento na pesca com rede de emalhe de fundo. Para isso, foram realizadas três coletas na estação chuvosa e três na estação seca. Calculou-se: 1. Número de espécies e de exemplares capturados por lance; 2. Comprimento médio por espécie por lance; 3. Captura por lance (Kg); 4. CPUE com esforço padronizado em: peso (Kg) / (1330m de rede * hr de lance); 5. Velocidade média do vento (média de 6 horas diárias: 2h antes + 3h durante o lance + 1h depois) (m/s); 6. Soma da precipitação mensal (mm). A diversidade foi analisada por curvas de abundância de Whittaker, perfis de diversidade e o índice de Shannon-Wienner. Utilizou-se Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) para analisar a relação das espécies mais abundantes com as variáveis ambientais. Foram coletados 2.373 peixes pertencentes a 73 espécies de 34 famílias, sendo 20 espécies frequentes e abundantes. O diagrama de Whittaker indicou a estação chuvosa como mais rica e mais equitativa que a estação seca. Os perfis de diversidade indicaram uma tendência de a estação chuvosa apresentar maior diversidade, mesmo o teste t de Student para a diversidade de Shannon não tendo detectado diferença significativa entre as estações. A ANOVA simples indicou que as variáveis: número de espécies, número de peixes, CPUE e comprimento médio foram maiores na estação chuvosa do que na estação seca. A ANOVA dupla indicou diferença significativa para pluviosidade e não para velocidade do vento. Os ventos do quadrante nordeste predominaram na estação seca e os do quadrante sudeste na estação chuvosa. A ACP indicou a formação de três grupos de espécies, um relacionado principalmente com velocidade do vento, outro grupo com a pluviosidade e outro separado, com maior número de espécies e ambientes variados. Assim, concluiu-se que o padrão sazonal de pluviosidade e de ventos modulam a estrutura das assembleias de peixes e o rendimento pesqueiro, com rede de emalhe de fundo em áreas tropicais. Enfatiza-se que a pluviosidade afeta intensamente a salinidade e turbidez em águas costeiras. Dessa forma, sugere-se a realização de análises de salinidade e turbidez como estudos complementares para avaliar o impacto de variações ambientais sobre a estrutura de comunidades ictíicas.

Doctor of Philosophy / Food Science Institute / Channa B. Rajashekar / Weiqun Wang / As health-promoting agents, phytochemicals are biosynthesized in the plants that typically respond to environmental stresses. This study focused on the analysis of phytochemical contents in vegetables in response to environmental changes of high tunnel and light spectra. A potential anticancer activity was further studied by developing a novel 3D cell culture model. Three specific studies were conducted as follows. Study 1: High tunnel production has been applied in mid-west for many years due to the advantages of extending growing season and increasing crop yield. Previous studies, however, showed high tunnel resulted in reduction of phenolic contents in vegetables. Therefore, the first study was to confirm the effect of high tunnel on phenolic contents in two varieties of lettuce (‘Two Star’ and ‘Red Fire’) and carotenoid contents in two varieties of tomatoes (‘Mountain Fresh’ and ‘Celebrity’). Phenolics in lettuce and carotenoids in tomato were isolated and quantitated, respectively, by HPLC. High tunnel resulted in a significant reduction of phenolic contents in ‘Two Star’ but not in ‘Red Fire’ lettuce when compared with open field. A significant decrease of carotenoid contents in ‘Celebrity’ but not in ‘Mountain Fresh’ tomato was also observed. Therefore, this study confirmed that high tunnel application reduced phenolic or carotenoid contents in one of the two lettuce or tomato varieties, suggesting the effect of high tunnel production is variable and genotype specific. Study 2: Light is an important environmental factor influenced not only photosynthesis but also phenolic biosynthesis in vegetables. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental light spectra including red, far-red, and blue light on phenolic contents in two varieties of lettuce (green-leaf variety ‘Two Star’ and red-leaf variety ‘Red Fire’) and two varieties of spinach (‘Avon’ and ‘Bloomsdale’). The phenolics were extracted and quantitated by HPLC. Far-red and blue light but not red light resulted in an increase of phenolic contents in ‘Two Star’ lettuce. In ‘Red Fire’ lettuce, a significant increase in phenolic contents were observed when exposed to red light, while far-red and blue light reduced phenolic contents. Supplemental lighting did not alter flavonoid contents in two varieties of spinach. Taking together, the results showed that supplemental lighting and its spectral quality had significant effect on the phytochemical contents of lettuce but not spinach, and the impact varied depending upon the variety or species. Study 3: Traditionally, cancer research is primarily relied on in vitro 2D monolayer cell culture and in vivo animal model studies. Given a flat 2D cell culture that usually lacks 3D microenvironmental cell-cell interaction and considering an animal model that is typically expensive and time-consumed, an alternative 3D cell culture has been promising. This pilot study was to develop a novel 3D hydrogel cell culture model of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells or colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 cells by treating with chlorogenic acid (CGA) at 0-40 μM. The results showed both HepG2 and SW480 cells grew much better in 3D hydrogel culture system than 2D by extended exponential phase and high proliferation. CGA treatment resulted in a dose- and time-response inhibition of HepG2 and SW480 growth in exponential phase, while HepG2 cells were more susceptible than SW480 cells. Establishment of this novel 3D hydrogel culture model for future phytochemical function may bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo animal model studies. Taken together, this dissertation of three studies focused on phytochemicals from quantitation analysis in vegetables in response to environmental factors of high tunnel and light spectra to a novel 3D hydrogel cell culture development for potential phytochemical anti-cancer function. The conclusions, i.e., (1). high tunnel application reduced phenolic or carotenoid contents in special genotype of lettuce or tomato varieties; (2). lighting and its spectral quality had significant effect on the phytochemical contents of lettuce but not spinach; (3). establishment of a novel 3D hydrogel culture model for phytochemical treatment may bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo animal model studies, could be of particular significance in health-promoting phytochemical research and functional food application. Study 1: High tunnel production has been applied in mid-west for many years due to the advantages of extending growing season and increasing crop yield. Previous studies, however, showed high tunnel resulted in reduction of phenolic contents in vegetables. Therefore, the first study was to confirm the effect of high tunnel on phenolic contents in two varieties of lettuce (‘Two Star’ and ‘Red Fire’) and carotenoid contents in two varieties of tomatoes (‘Mountain Fresh’ and ‘Celebrity’). Phenolics in lettuce and carotenoids in tomato were isolated and quantitated, respectively, by HPLC. High tunnel resulted in a significant reduction of phenolic contents in ‘Two Star’ but not in ‘Red Fire’ lettuce when compared with open field. A significant decrease of carotenoid contents in ‘Celebrity’ but not in ‘Mountain Fresh’ tomato was also observed. Therefore, this study confirmed that high tunnel application reduced phenolic or carotenoid contents in one of the two lettuce or tomato varieties, suggesting the effect of high tunnel production is variable and genotype specific. Study 2: Light is an important environmental factor influenced not only photosynthesis but also phenolic biosynthesis in vegetables. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental light spectra including red, far-red, and blue light on phenolic contents in two varieties of lettuce (green-leaf variety ‘Two Star’ and red-leaf variety ‘Red Fire’) and two varieties of spinach (‘Avon’ and ‘Bloomsdale’). The phenolics were extracted and quantitated by HPLC. Far-red and blue light but not red light resulted in an increase of phenolic contents in ‘Two Star’ lettuce. In ‘Red Fire’ lettuce, a significant increase in phenolic contents were observed when exposed to red light, while far-red and blue light reduced phenolic contents. Supplemental lighting did not alter flavonoid contents in two varieties of spinach. Taking together, the results showed that supplemental lighting and its spectral quality had significant effect on the phytochemical contents of lettuce but not spinach, and the impact varied depending upon the variety or species. Study 3: Traditionally, cancer research is primarily relied on in vitro 2D monolayer cell culture and in vivo animal model studies. Given a flat 2D cell culture that usually lacks 3D microenvironmental cell-cell interaction and considering an animal model that is typically expensive and time-consumed, an alternative 3D cell culture has been promising. This pilot study was to develop a novel 3D hydrogel cell culture model of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells or colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 cells by treating with chlorogenic acid (CGA) at 0-40 M. The results showed both HepG2 and SW480 cells grew much better in 3D hydrogel culture system than 2D by extended exponential phase and high proliferation. CGA treatment resulted in a dose- and time-response inhibition of HepG2 and SW480 growth in exponential phase, while HepG2 cells were more susceptible than SW480 cells. Establishment of this novel 3D hydrogel culture model for future phytochemical function may bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo animal model studies. Taken together, this dissertation of three studies focused on phytochemicals from quantitation analysis in vegetables in response to environmental factors of high tunnel and light spectra to a novel 3D hydrogel cell culture development for potential phytochemical anti-cancer function. The conclusions, i.e., (1). high tunnel application reduced phenolic or carotenoid contents in special genotype of lettuce or tomato varieties; (2). lighting and its spectral quality had significant effect on the phytochemical contents of lettuce but not spinach; (3). establishment of a novel 3D hydrogel culture model for phytochemical treatment may bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo animal model studies, could be of particular significance in health-promoting phytochemical research and functional food application.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2034751 bytes, checksum: 2764e7c3eccdcae569d6e21396569718 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is considered the most aggressive sector of Unity Hospital where demand is intense, and the worker must be prepared for at any time, assist patients with significant hemodynamic changes, which require specific knowledge and skills, to make the right decisions and timely. We know also that the environment of an ICU is considered burdensome and stressful, and when coupled with environmental and organizational factors can interfere with the work ability of nurses. This study applied the questionnaires and equipment used to measure the variables, supported by national and international standards to analyze the relationship of the independent noise,temperature and lighting, and perceptual variables with respect to the thermophysical comfort, ie, those that are inherent subjective personal perception related to thermal comfort, which can be understood as psycho-physiological feelings of people towards the environment and other organizational and personal variables such as length of service, age and shift work, and how they interfere with the capacity The Work of the nurses. From reading the descriptive analysis and modeling ordinal multinomial regression was observed among several analysis that men are 78.41 times more likely to get index of the Work Ability (ICT) rather than women, in relation to schooling , 40.60% are college level and 59.40% technical or incomplete high school, where nurses with higher education are 18.72 times more likely to have the ICT in a range higher than a technical and / or nursing assistant; the each year working as a nurse, 24.61% increase in the chances of your falling-level ICT, nurses working the night shift have 92% more likely to have ICT at a lower level than those who work during the day . It was found that stability, upgrading formational, workload mild conditions and thermophysical controllable in the ICU may increase the work ability of nurses. / A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) é considerada o setor mais agressivo da Unidade Hospitalar onde a demanda de trabalho é intensa, e o trabalhador deve estar preparado para, a qualquer momento, assistir pacientes com alterações hemodinâmicas importantes, que requerem conhecimentos específicos e habilidades, para tomar as decisões corretas e em tempo hábil. Sabe-se, ainda, que o ambiente de uma UTI é tido como pesado e estressante e quando associado a alguns fatores ambientais e organizacionais podem interferir na capacidade para o trabalho do enfermeiro. O presente estudo aplicou questionários e utilizou equipamentos para mensurar as variáveis, respaldado por normas nacionais e internacionais para analisar a relação das variáveis independentes ruído, temperatura e iluminação, além de variáveis perceptivas no que diz respeito ao conforto termofísico, ou seja, aquelas que são inerentes à percepção pessoal subjetiva ligada ao conforto térmico, que podem ser entendidos como os sentimentos psicofisiológicos das pessoas em relação ao ambiente e outras variáveis organizacionais e pessoais, tais como, tempo de serviço, idade e turno de trabalho, e como estas interferem na Capacidade para o Trabalho dos enfermeiros. A partir de análises descritivas e da leitura de modelagem regressiva multinomial ordinal, observou-se dentre diversas análises que os homens têm 78,41 vezes mais chances de obter Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT) melhor que as mulheres; em relação a escolaridade, 40,60% possuem nível superior e 59,40% nível técnico ou médio incompleto, onde os enfermeiros com nível superior têm 18,72 vezes mais chances de ter o ICT numa faixa superior que um técnico e/ou auxiliar de enfermagem; a cada ano exercendo a função de enfermeiro, aumentam em 24,61% as chances de seu ICT cair de nível; os enfermeiros que trabalham no turno noturno apresentam 92% mais chances de ter o ICT num nível inferior do que os que trabalham durante o dia. Constatou-se que estabilidade, atualização formacional, carga de trabalho amena e condições termofísicas controláveis nas UTIs poderão elevar a capacidade de trabalho dos enfermeiros.

A esquistossomose mansoni apresenta-se como uma doenÃa parasitÃria de importÃncia para a saÃde pÃblica, nÃo sà por sua ampla distribuiÃÃo no mundo, mas tambÃm pelos impactos causados por ela nas atividades da populaÃÃo infectada. A esquistossomose deve ser analisada como um processo dependente da interaÃÃo de vÃrios fatores, como fatores ambientais, sociais e econÃmicos, importantes para reduzir a transmissÃo da doenÃa bem como para interromper o ciclo do parasito. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influÃncia de fatores ambientais e socioculturais na transmissÃo da esquistossomose em Ãrea de baixa endemicidade no Estado do CearÃ, na localidade do Planalto do Cajueiro, atravÃs da anÃlise de questionÃrios aplicados no ano de 2009 e em 2012. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. A primeira consiste em um estudo transversal, onde foram analisados 167 questionÃrios dos pacientes que forneceram material sorolÃgico para a realizaÃÃo do mÃtodo ELISA, que serviu como triagem. A segunda etapa consiste em um estudo de caso controle, onde foram aplicados e analisados questionÃrios em 54 indivÃduos ELISA reativo e nÃo reativo que entregaram amostra fecal para anÃlise. As anÃlises dos questionÃrios das 167 pessoas mostraram que a maioria delas eram adultos jovens (19,76% na faixa etÃria de 15 a 25anos e 29,94% entre 26 a 46 anos), do sexo feminino (67,66%) e que 29% nÃo eram naturais de Maranguape. Em torno de 52,5% dos pacientes que afirmaram utilizar Ãgua do rio, tiveram resultado Elisa reativo para esquistossomose. Na segunda etapa, observou-se que a diferenÃa entre os sexos masculinos e femininos era insignificante, nos casos positivos para esquistossomose. Com relaÃÃo à escolaridade, a maioria (68,32%) possuÃa apenas o ensino fundamental incompleto. Nas associaÃÃes entre variÃveis ambientais e resultado positivo para a doenÃa, observou-se que 34,2% dos indivÃduos responderam nÃo ter contato com coleÃÃes hÃdricas e 37,5% disseram que tiveram contato. Este ponto ainda està em anÃlise mais aprofundada. A comunidade do Planalto do Cajueiro em Maranguape-CE mantÃm caracterÃsticas ambientais semelhantes à de comunidades rurais (mesmo sendo peri-urbana) e a transmissÃo da esquistossomose sofre grande influencia dos fatores comportamentais. / Schistosomiasis mansoni is presented as a parasitic disease of public health importance, not only for its wide distribution in the world, but also the impacts caused by it in the activities of the infected population. Schistosomiasis should be analyzed as a process dependent on the interaction of various factors, such as environmental, social and economic importance to reduce transmission of the disease and to stop the cycle of the parasite. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of environmental and sociocultural factors in the transmission of schistosomiasis in low endemic area in the state of CearÃ, in the locality of the Planalto do Cajueiro- Maranguape-Ce, through the analysis of questionnaires applied in 2009 and 2012. The study was conducted in two stages. The first consists of a cross-sectional study, which analyzed 167 questionnaires from patients who provided material for the realization of the serological ELISA, which served as a screen. The second stage consists of a case-control study where questionnaires were applied and analyzed in 54 individuals ELISA reactive and nonreactive who delivered fecal sample for analysis. The analysis of the questionnaires of 167 people showed that most of them were young adults (19.76% in the age group of 15 to 25years and 29.94% between 26-46 years), female (67.66%) and 29% were not natives of Maranguape. Around 52.5% of patients reported using water from the river, had reactive ELISA result for schistosomiasis. In the second stage, it was observed that the difference between male and female sexes was negligible in cases positive for schistosomiasis. With regard to education, the majority (68.32%) had only elementary education. Associations between environmental variables and positive for the disease, it was observed that 34.2% of subjects reported not to have contact with water collections and 37.5% said they had contact. This point is still under further investigation. The community of Planalto do Cajueiro, Maranguape-Ce maintains environmental characteristics similar to rural communities (even as peri-urban) and schistosomiasis transmission is greatly influences behavioral factors.

Submitted by Rosangela Silva (rosangela.silva3@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-14T14:14:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Suelem Leite da Silva 02-05-18.pdf: 1984118 bytes, checksum: fc69938a05e64a1c55193163619c3a6f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T14:14:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Suelem Leite da Silva 02-05-18.pdf: 1984118 bytes, checksum: fc69938a05e64a1c55193163619c3a6f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 / Introduction: So-called Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) have been a problem for society for many years. Among the most prevalent NTDs are dengue, a viral disease caused by different serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV), transmitted from the female bite of the Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito. Dengue can be avoided and treated, but most of the time the vector is not controlled, preventing the fight against the transmission of the disease. Dengue prevention has become a major challenge because its transmission is influenced by several factors, such as environmental, climatic, social and economic factors. The presentation of the disease comprises from mild clinical forms, to severe bleeding and shock, and can progress to death. Objectives: To analyze the cases of classical dengue, dengue fever with signs of alarm (DSA), severe dengue (DG) and deaths in the municipalities of the Tenth Regional Health and correlate with the number of cases in other municipalities of Paraná. To evaluate the regions of the municipality of Cascavel-PR with greater risk of contracting the disease and the influence of temperature, precipitation and environmental conditions on dengue transmission. Methodology: This dissertation consists of a descriptive, cross - sectional and retrospective study of the reports of dengue cases in their different clinical forms and confirmed deaths in the municipalities of the 10th Regional of Health of the State of Paraná in relation to the epidemiological situation of dengue in other municipalities of the state. Information on the municipalities of the 10th Regional Health Service was collected from the National System of Notifiable Diseases System of the 10th Regional from August 2012 to July 2017. Data for other municipalities in Paraná were obtained from of public data made available through the epidemiological bulletins on the website of the State Health Department. The comparison of the dengue cases in the municipalities of the 10th Regional and Paraná were performed by means of the Qui Quadrado analysis for k proportions, assuming a level of significance of 0.05. Data on the municipality of Cascavel-PR were obtained by the Municipal Health Department from 2012 to 2016. Based on the number of dengue cases in this municipality, an endemic channel was constructed, which makes it possible to determine outbreak and epidemic situations, defined by means of the calculation of the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles of the number of confirmed cases in Cascavel monthly from January 2012 to December 2016. Also, the georeferencing was done from the residential addresses of the confirmed cases of the disease through QGIS Geographic Information System (2016). With the identification of the areas with the highest concentration of dengue cases, on-site visits to strategic regions were carried out to verify the environmental conditions and presence of indicators that could be influencing the occurrence of the number of cases and transmission of the disease. In addition, data were collected from the Environmental Surveillance for LIRAa (Rapid Survey of Infestation Index for Aedes aegypti), which is a larval sampling of Aedes aegypti done every three months in Cascavel to obtain the infestation estimate by the vector. The temperature and precipitation data were requested from the Paraná Meteorological System (SIMEPAR). The dengue case numbers and the environmental variables were evaluated monthly on the distribution pattern of the data through the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results: In the municipalities of the 10th Region 26 cases of Dengue with alarm signs (DSA), 4 cases of severe Dengue (DG) and 1 death were reported. In Paraná there were 1,487 cases of DSA, 381 cases of DG and 117 deaths. As for DSA cases, in the total number of cases accumulated between the epidemiological periods from 2012 to 2017, there was a lower frequency of cases reported by the Tenth Regional when compared to the number reported throughout the state (p = 0.007). When evaluating the number of cases of DG, in total the frequency reported in the Regional Tenth is significantly lower (0.08%) than in the rest of Paraná (0.23%, p = 0.031). The frequencies of the number of deaths observed between the Tenth Regional and the Paraná State reports were statistically similar in all epidemiological periods (p> 0.05). In the municipality of Cascavel, through the analysis of the endemic channel, it was verified that in 2012, all months were in the control zones, with the exception of October; in 2013, they were in these areas every month; in 2014, 3 months were not found in these security zones (October, November and December); in 2015, 4 months were outside these security zones (May, June, August and December); in 2016, only the month of December showed up in the security zone. With the georeferencing, the heat maps showed that there is a predominance of positive dengue cases in the western, central and southern regions of the municipality, which includes the Santa Cruz, Alto Alegre, Coqueiral, Neva, Parque São Paulo and Centro neighborhoods. majority of the evaluated periods. During the on-site inspection to verify the environmental conditions in the neighborhoods where there was a recurrent concentration of cases, as verified in the heat maps, numerous sites were found that can serve as breeding sites for Aedes aegypit, among which: old iron, garbage and debris such as water boxes, bottles, furniture and appliances thrown in the open and surrounding. The first cycle of the LIRAa of 2016 showed one of the highest rates of infestation during the period evaluated, during this period the whole municipality was in a situation of alert or risk of contracting the disease. The correlations of dengue cases and temperature (minimum, mean and maximum) and precipitation showed a weak association only between the prevalence of Cascavel the dengue cases and the maximum temperature. The minimum, mean and precipitation temperatures did not present significant correlations with the incidence of dengue cases. Conclusion: The Tenth Regional has presented increasing percentages of dengue cases in relation to Paraná, and in the last epidemiological period it represented 10% of all cases in the state. Efforts and actions are needed to focus on reducing dengue cases, especially in municipalities with high incidence. Although this work demonstrates geographically the residences of individuals who contracted dengue and the places with the highest risk and meeting of breeding sites in the regions of Cascavel, it is not possible to affirm the causes of dengue cases in the period evaluated. The environmental variables such as temperature and precipitation did not present a strong correlation with the cases of dengue in Cascavel. Further studies and analyzes are necessary to relate these variables to the situations presented, which are intervening in the spread of dengue in the municipality. It is recommended that studies with more specific designs be designed to analyze individual and environmental factors capable of cooperating to increase the number of dengue cases in these localities. / As chamadas Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas (DTN) são um problema para a sociedade há muitos anos. Dentre as DTN de maior incidência está a dengue, uma doença viral causada por sorotipos diferentes do vírus da dengue (DENV), transmitida a partir da picada da fêmea do mosquito Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). A dengue pode ser evitada e tratada, porém na maioria das vezes o vetor não é controlado, impedindo o combate da transmissão da doença. A prevenção da dengue tem se tornado um grande desafio, pois sua transmissão é influenciada por diversos fatores, como ambientais, climáticos, sociais e econômicos. A apresentação da doença compreende desde formas clínicas brandas, até quadros graves de hemorragias e choque, podendo evoluir para o óbito. Objetivos: Analisar os casos de dengue clássica, dengue com sinais de alarme (DSA), dengue grave (DG) e os óbitos nos municípios da Décima Regional de Saúde e correlacionar com o número de casos de outros municípios do Paraná. Avaliar as regiões do município de Cascavel-PR com maior risco de contrair a doença e a influência da temperatura, precipitação e condições ambientais na transmissão da dengue. Metodologia: Esta dissertação consiste em um estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo das notificações dos casos de dengue nas suas diferentes formas clínicas e óbitos confirmados nos municípios da 10ª Regional de Saúde do estado do Paraná em relação a situação epidemiológica da dengue em outros municípios do estado. As informações referentes aos municípios da 10ª Regional de Saúde foram coletadas a partir do banco de dados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação da 10ª Regional no período de agosto de 2012 a julho 2017. Os dados referentes a outros municípios no Paraná foram obtidos a partir de dados públicos disponibilizados através dos boletins epidemiológicos no site da Secretaria de Saúde do estado. A comparação dos casos de dengue nos municípios da 10ª Regional e Paraná foram realizadas por meio da análise de Qui Quadrado para k proporções, assumindo um nível de significância de 0,05. Os dados referentes ao município de Cascavel-PR foram obtidos pela Secretaria de Saúde do município no período de 2012 a 2016. Com base no número de casos de dengue deste município foi construído um canal endêmico, o qual torna possível determinar situações de surto e epidemia, definido por meio do cálculo da mediana, 1º e 3º quartis do número de casos confirmados em Cascavel mensalmente no período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2016. Também, foi feito o Georreferenciamento a partir dos endereços residenciais dos casos confirmados da doença através do Sistema de Informação Geográfica QGIS (2016). Com a identificação das áreas com maior concentração de casos de dengue foram realizadas visitas in loco a regiões estratégicas para verificar as condições ambientais e presença de indicadores que pudessem estar influenciando na ocorrência do número de casos e transmissão da doença. Além disso, foram coletados dados na Vigilância Ambiental referentes ao LIRAa (Levantamento Rápido do Índice de Infestação para Aedes aegypti), que é uma amostragem larvária de Aedes aegypti feita a cada três meses em Cascavel para obter a estimativa da infestação pelo vetor. Os dados referentes a temperatura e precipitação, foram solicitados ao Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná (SIMEPAR). Os números de casos da dengue e as variáveis ambientais foram avaliados mensalmente quanto ao padrão de distribuição dos dados por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Resultados: Nos municípios da 10ª Regional foram notificados 26 casos de Dengue com sinais de alarme (DSA), 4 casos de Dengue Grave (DG) e 1 óbito. No Paraná ocorreram 1.487 casos de DSA, 381 casos de DG e 117 óbitos. Quanto aos casos de DSA, foi verificado, no total de casos acumulados entre os períodos epidemiológicos de 2012 a 2017, que houve uma menor frequência de casos notificados pela Décima Regional quando comparado ao número notificado em todo o estado (p=0,007). Ao avaliar o número de casos de DG, no total a frequência notificada na Décima Regional é significativamente menor (0,08%) do que no restante do Paraná (0,23%; p=0,031). As frequências do número de óbitos observadas entre as notificações da Décima Regional e as demais do estado do Paraná foram estatisticamente similares em todos os períodos epidemiológicos (p>0,05). No município de Cascavel, através da análise do canal endêmico verificou-se que em 2012, todos os meses estiveram nas zonas de controle, com exceção do mês de outubro; em 2013, todos os meses estiveram nestas zonas; em 2014, 3 meses não se encontraram nestas zonas de segurança (outubro, novembro e dezembro); em 2015, 4 meses estiveram fora destas zonas de segurança (maio, junho, agosto e dezembro); em 2016, apenas o mês de dezembro se mostrou na zona de segurança. Com o georreferenciamento, os mapas de calor mostraram que há um predomínio dos casos positivos de dengue nas regiões oeste, centro sul e central do município, que abrange os bairros Santa Cruz, Alto Alegre, Coqueiral, Neva, Parque São Paulo e Centro, na maioria dos períodos avaliados. Durante a inspeção in loco para verificação das condições ambientais nos bairros em que houve recorrente concentração de casos, conforme verificado nos mapas de calor, foram encontrados inúmeros locais que podem servir como criadouros para o Aedes aegypit, dentre os quais: ferro velho, acúmulo de lixo e entulhos como caixas de água, garrafas, móveis e eletrodomésticos jogados a céu aberto e no entorno. O primeiro ciclo do LIRAa de 2016 apontou um dos maiores índices de infestação do período avaliado, neste período todo o município estava em situação de alerta ou risco de contrair a doença. As correlações dos números de casos de dengue e a temperatura (mínima, média e máxima) e precipitação mostraram associação fraca apenas entre a prevalência dos casos de dengue de Cascavel e a temperatura máxima. A temperatura mínima, média e a precipitação não apresentaram correlações significativas com a incidência dos casos de dengue.Conclusão: A Décima Regional tem apresentado percentuais crescentes de casos de dengue em relação ao Paraná, sendo que no último período epidemiológico representou 10% de todos os casos do estado. São necessários esforços e ações com foco na redução dos casos de dengue, principalmente nos municípios com alta incidência. Apesar de este trabalho demonstrar geograficamente as residências dos indivíduos que contraíram dengue e os locais com maior risco e encontro de criadouros nas regiões de Cascavel, não é possível afirmar, as causas dos casos de dengue no período avaliado. As variáveis ambientais como temperatura e precipitação não apresentaram correlação forte com os casos de dengue em Cascavel. Estudos e análises adicionais são necessários com o intuito de relacionar estas variáveis com as situações apresentadas, as quais estão intervindo na propagação da dengue no município. Recomenda-se que estudos com delineamentos mais específicos sejam elaborados para analisar fatores individuais e ambientais capazes de cooperar para o aumento do número de casos de dengue nestas localidades.

Várias metodologias têm sido propostas com o intuito de medir a influência que a interação GxE exerce sobre os mais diversos caracteres de interesse e, dentre essas, as abordagens via modelos mistos utilizando REML/BLUP têm sido mencionadas como vantajosas. Ainda, o uso de informações ambientais pode ser útil para encontrar os fatores que estão por trás da real diferença entre os genótipos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resposta da produtividade de grãos em feijão-caupi frente às variações espaciais, e as variáveis ambientais mais relevantes para a interação GxE. Foram avaliados 20 genótipos em 47 locais entre os anos de 2010 a 2012 sob delineamento DBC. Após a análise conjunta, os padrões de adaptabilidade dos genótipos foram testados pelas metodologias GGE Biplot e MHPRVG e a estratificação ambiental foi feita via Análise de Fatores sobre a matriz dos efeitos aleatórios GGE. A importância das variáveis ambientais na produtividade foi verificada pela associação entre os efeitos da matriz GGE e cada variável ambiental. Após decomposição SVD, os componentes principais foram plotados em Covariáveis-Biplots. Os efeitos de genótipos e da interação tripla apresentaram elevada significância (p ≤ 0,01 e p ≤ 0,001, respectivamente) indicando forte influência desta última no desempenho dos genótipos avaliados. O modelo fixo GGE Biplot apresentou baixa eficiência, explicando apenas 35% da variação total, sendo os genótipos MNC03-737F-5-1, MNC03-737F-5- 4, MNC03-737F-5-9, BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé e BRS Guariba considerados os mais estáveis, e MNC03-737F-5-9 e BRS Tumucumaque apontados como amplamente adaptados. Já a estatística MHPRVG destacou os genótipos MNC02-676F-3, MNC03-737F-5-1, MNC03- 737F-5-9, BRS Tumucumaque e BRS Guariba, com adaptação ampla, e MNC02-675F-4-9, MNC02-676F-3 e MNC03-737F-5-9 como especificamente adaptados a alguns ambientes. O ajuste para o modelo aleatório revelou efeitos de genótipos e interações GxE significativos (p ≤ 0,001) e foram obtidas correlações significativas (p ≤ 0,01 e p ≤ 0,001) entre PROD e as variáveis IT, NDP, Ptotal, Tmax, Tmin, Lat, Lon, e Alt. Os genótipos MNC03-737F-5-1, MNC03-737F-5-9, BRS Tumucumaque e BRS Guariba associaram elevada produtividade de grãos à rusticidade, sendo as variáveis \"Temperatura\", \"Insolação\" e \"Precipitação\", bem como \"Latitude\" e \"Altitude\", os mais importantes para a interação GxE. A análise MHPRVG foi adequada para a identificação dos genótipos superiores e o modelo Biplot-Covariável mostrou-se como uma ferramenta útil na identificação das variáveis ambientais importantes para a produtividade de grãos em feijão-caupi. / Several methods have been proposed to measure GxE interaction influence on various traits of interest, and among these, mixed models approaches using REML/BLUP have been mentioned as advantageous. Moreover, the use of environmental information can be useful to find factors that are behind the real difference between genotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of grain yield in cowpea to spatial variations, and the most important environmental factors for GxE interaction. Twenty genotypes were evaluated at 47 locations between the years 2010 to 2012 under RCB design. After joint analysis, genotypes adaptability patterns were tested by GGE Biplot and MHPRVG methods, and an environmental stratification was performed through factor analysis on the random effects GGE matrix. The impact of environmental factors on yield was verified by the association between the effects of the GGE matrix and environmental variables. After SVD decomposition, the principal components were plotted in Covariables-Biplots. Genotype effects and triple interaction were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01 and p ≤ 0.001, respectively) indicating strong GxE influence on genotypes performance. The fixed model GGE Biplot exhibits low efficiency, explaining only 35% of the total variation, and genotypes MNC03-737F-5-1, MNC03-737F-5-4, MNC03-737F-5-9, BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, and BRS Guariba were considered the most stable, and MNC03-737F-5-9 and BRS Tumucumaque identified as widely adapted. MHPRVG method highlighted MNC02-676F-3, MNC03-737F-5-1, MNC03-737F-5-9, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Guariba as genotypes with broad adaptation and MNC02-675F-4-9, MNC02-676F-3, and MNC03-737F-5-9 as specifically adapted to certain environments. The fitted random effects model revealed significant genotype effects and GxE interactions (p ≤ 0.001) and significant correlations were obtained (p ≤ 0.01 and p ≤ 0.001) between PROD and IT , NDP, Ptotal, Tmax, Tmin, Lat, Lon, and Alt variables. Genotypes MNC03-737F-5-1, MNC03-737F-5-9, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Guariba presented high grain yield associated with rusticity, and environmental factors \"Temperature\", \"Insolation\" and \"Precipitation\", as well as \"Latitude\" and \"Altitude\", were the most important for GxE interaction. MHPRVG analysis was adequate to identify superior genotypes, and Covariate-Biplot model proved to be a useful tool for identifying key environmental factors for grain yield in cowpea.

Literature has not yet seen a contribution involving the description of successional patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting discarded automobile tires in sylvan areas nor an investigation into the macro- and micro-environmental factors that may influence the seasonal shifts in species composition and abundance in that respective habitat. Waste tires in undeveloped forests are a hazard to human and animal health because they can support a population of vector mosquitoes. Locating productive waste tire mosquito habitats is problematic in wooded areas but is crucial for diminishing pathogen transfer in areas where humans have regular access to forests because of possible zoonotic disease transmission. The intentions of this study were 1) to describe the ecological succession patterns of mosquitoes in waste tires in a subtropical wetland and upland forest and 2) to create a database on which regressive geo-spatiotemporal models locating unidentified productive waste tires in sylvan zones can be built. The entomological research conducted here did not confirm the hypothesis that Aedes albopictus (Skuse) would be the dominant species in all the tires at all the study sites. There appeared to be seasonal trends in mosquito production despite the general constant warmth and rainfall levels year-round in subtropical Tampa, Florida. However, the findings of this research indicates that climatic conditions alone do not sufficiently explain spatiotemporal variation in mosquito populations. Rather, the effects of weather are heterogeneous at the microcosmic level, which has a more direct impact on ecological interactions between the different species found here and their abiotic environment.

The social organization of the vicuna (Vicugna vicugna) and its relationship to the environment were studied at the Pampa Galeras National Vicuna Reserve in southern Peru from May 1968 to April 1971. 2 Behavioral data were collected on groups within a grid of 12.4 km during 3,800 hours of observation. The vicuna's alpine grassland environment was characterized by greatly fluctuating and freezing temperatures, light precipitation, high evaporation, wind, short growing seasons, shallow and infertile soils and low plant production. Vicuna habitat quality was dependent upon high producing, preferred vegetation types and close access to permanent water and a sleeping area. Only one-third of the Reserve was good habitat and less than 20 percent of the Cupitay Valley study area was preferred by feeding vicuna. Territorial behavior has evolved in this environment where food resources are generally in short supply, annually renewed on locally abundant patchy sites, but predictable in time and space and defendable. Nearly 90 percent of females 2 years and older were pregnant at the beginning of the birth season and 90 percent of all births occurred between 22 February and 7 April. Ten to 30 percent of the crias (juveniles) died during their first 4 months. Five social units were distinguished, with the population primarily composed of Male Groups (MGs) and family groups: Permanent Territorial Family Groups (PTFGs) occupied good habitat and Marginal Territorial Family Groups (MTFGs) secondary habitat. Most PTFGs and MTFGs each occupied a year-round feeding territory in the day and a separate sleeping territory at night. Average group size for PTFGs was six (one male, three females and two crias) and they composed about 55 percent of the population. MTFGs were smaller (five), composed 40 percent of the population, had lower reproductive success and spent less time in their feeding territories than PTFGs. Non-territorial MGs averaged 20 animals and were chased out of zones occupied by PTFGs and MTFGs. As the number of groups increased, the frequency and intensity of territorial defense by males also increased. Territories provided a place free from intraspecific interference where females could feed, sleep, mate, give birth and raise their young. Feeding territories averaged 18 ha and sleeping territories 3 ha in size. A small cluster of sleeping territories on the flattened ridge formed a cummunal sleeping area for groups using the adjacent valleys. MGs and MTFGs made greater use of ridges and the non-preferred bl.lllch grass communities, because they were excluded from preferred areas occupied by PTFGs. Group size was significantly (P<.05) correlated with territory size and total forage production (P<.01) within feeding territories. The territorial male had a major role in the social organization of a population, since he established the location, borders and size of feeding territories. He also regulated the size of his family group by expelling the lowest ranking and youngest members before they became 1 year old (male and female crias), and by accepting or rejecting outsiders attempting to join. Marginal habitat within Cupitay Valley and vacant habitat in surrounding areas became filled by dispersing animals as the total population in the Reserve increased 36 percent during the study.